33 research outputs found
Ma Huan (original author), Wan Ming (ed.) Ming chaoben " Yingya shenglan " jiaozh
No full textPtak Roderich. Ma Huan (original author), Wan Ming (ed.) Ming chaoben " Yingya shenglan " jiaozh. In: Archipel, volume 71, 2006. Autour de la peinture à Java. Volume II. pp. 240-244
Universal Probability Distribution for the Wave Function of a Quantum System Entangled with Its Environment
No full textA quantum system (with Hilbert space H1) entangled with its environment (with Hilbert space H2) is usually not attributed a wave function but only a reduced density matrix ρ1. Nevertheless, there is a precise way of attributing to it a random wave function ψ1, called its conditional wave function, whose probability distribution μ1 depends on the entangled wave function ψ∈H1⊗H2 in the Hilbert space of system and environment together. It also depends on a choice of orthonormal basis of H2 but in relevant cases, as we show, not very much. We prove several universality (or typicality) results about μ1, e.g., that if the environment is sufficiently large then for every orthonormal basis of H2, most entangled states ψ with given reduced density matrix ρ1 are such that μ1 is close to one of the so-called GAP (Gaussian adjusted projected) measures, GAP(ρ1). We also show that, for most entangled states ψ from a microcanonical subspace (spanned by the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian with energies in a narrow interval [E,E+δE]) and most orthonormal bases of H2, μ1 is close to GAP(tr2ρmc) with ρmc the normalized projection to the microcanonical subspace. In particular, if the coupling between the system and the environment is weak, then μ1 is close to GAP(ρβ) with ρβ the canonical density matrix on H1 at inverse temperature β=β(E). This provides the mathematical justification of our claim in [J. Statist. Phys. 125:1193 (2006), http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309021] that GAP measures describe the thermal equilibrium distribution of the wave function.Peer reviewe
Theodor Fontane, Julius Roderich Benedix and the royal theater in Berlin
No full textTheodor Fontane, Julius Roderich Benedix und das königliche Schauspielhaus in BerlinHeike JantschnerDiese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Theodor Fontane als Theaterkritiker für die Vossische Zeitung und Julius Roderich als Lustspielautor. Die Kernfragen der Arbeit lauten: Wer war der heute kaum noch bekannte Roderich Benedix? Warum waren seine Werke zu seinen Lebzeiten und Jahrzehnte postum noch so beliebt auf deutschen Bühnen? Worin liegt der Grund für dessen Beliebtheit? Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, werden Theodor Fontanes Theaterkritiken vom königlichen Schauspielhaus in Berlin allgemein betrachtet, daraufhin seine Kritiken über Benedix genau analysiert. Daraus ergab sich, dass Benedix zu den beliebtesten deutschen Bühnenautoren seiner Zeit zählte. Seine Motive, Figuren sowie seine Komik waren neben den damals aufkommenden französischen Lustspielen und später dem Naturalismus eine erfrischende, harmlose, deutsche Alternative.Theodor Fontane, Julius Roderich Benedix and the royal theater in BerlinHeike JantschnerThe present work deals with the combined analysis of Theodor Fontane as a theater critic and Julius Roderich Benedix as a comedy author, respectively. The core issues of this volume can be summarized as follows: Who was this today rarely known man called Roderich Benedix? Why was his work during his lifetime as well as over decades posthumous that famous on German scenes? To respond to these raised questions, the critics of Theodor Fontane during his work at the royal theater of Berlin were, first of all, examined on a general basis followed by a detailed analysis of his critics regarding Benedix. This leads to the conclusion that Benedix ranked among the most popular scene writers at that time. The motives, characters created by him as well as his inimitable comic were, beside the arising comics from France and the upcoming naturalism, refreshing, harmless alternatives made in Germany.vorgelegt von Heike JantschnerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 2084
The physiology and genetics of bacterial responses to antibiotic combinations
No full textCombining several antibiotics, either in mixtures or sequential order, is proposed to increase treatment efficacy and reduce resistance evolution. In this Review, Andersson and colleagues discuss the effects of antibiotic combinations, the directional effects of previous antibiotic treatments and the role of stress-response systems as well as the interactions between drugs and resistance mutations. Several promising strategies based on combining or cycling different antibiotics have been proposed to increase efficacy and counteract resistance evolution, but we still lack a deep understanding of the physiological responses and genetic mechanisms that underlie antibiotic interactions and the clinical applicability of these strategies. In antibiotic-exposed bacteria, the combined effects of physiological stress responses and emerging resistance mutations (occurring at different time scales) generate complex and often unpredictable dynamics. In this Review, we present our current understanding of bacterial cell physiology and genetics of responses to antibiotics. We emphasize recently discovered mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions, hysteresis in temporal interactions between antibiotics that arise from microbial physiology and interactions between antibiotics and resistance mutations that can cause collateral sensitivity or cross-resistance. We discuss possible connections between the different phenomena and indicate relevant research directions. A better and more unified understanding of drug and genetic interactions is likely to advance antibiotic therapy.</p
The Entries on Birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi
No full textThis article presents an annotated translation of the section on birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi (late 9th century). The author describes eleven birds of the Lingbiao region (roughly Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan) in short notes that mix real and fictitious elements. This region, always considered dangerous and poorly civilized, was certainly not among the favorite locations of China’s civil servants. Although Liu Xun spent several years in the far South, very little is known about his life. But one can imagine that he felt unhappy in these lands, while at the same time admiring some of its unique features. That also applies to the entries on birds, especially on owls, in his text. The article is an attempt at “deciphering” these parts.Ce travail présente une traduction annotée de la section consacrée aux oiseaux dans l’ouvrage Lingbiao lu yi de Liu Xun (fin du IXe siècle). L’auteur choisit onze oiseaux de la région Lingbiao (correspondant à peu près au Guangdong, au Guangxi et à Hainan), et leur dédia des notes où les éléments réels et fantastiques paraissent entremêlés. Cette région, considérée comme peu civilisée et dangereuse, n’était pas un lieu où l’on souhaitait être envoyé comme fonctionnaire d’État. Liu Xun y servit pendant plusieurs années, mais on sait peu de choses de sa vie. On peut toutefois imaginer qu’il a été malheureux en ces terres lointaines, tout en étant admiratif de certaines de leurs particularités. Cela s’applique aussi aux descriptions des oiseaux dans son texte, notamment celles des hiboux. L’article est une tentative de « déchiffrer » ces passages.Bocci Chiara, Ptak Roderich. The Entries on Birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 102, 2016. pp. 297-351
Regulators of CS.
No full textChange of susceptibility to NIT relative to wild-type strains for constructed single and double mutants. MIC was measured using Etest (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) with a high inoculum of 108 cells (mean ± SD, n ≥ 2 biological replicates). Coloured horizontal lines connect genotypes with the same CS mutation. The spoT mutant produced a high frequency of revertants, which are indicated in brighter colour and showed suppression of CS. “Acs1” and “Atox1” are resistance cassettes for genetic engineering. “dup” indicates a forced duplication. Numerical data are available in S1 Data. Acs1, amilCP-cat-sacB cassette 1; Atox1, amilCP-toxin cassette 1; CS, collateral sensitivity; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NIT, nitrofurantoin.</p
NIT CS.
No full textThree single-step mutants with resistance against 3 diverse antibiotics (upward bars) show CS to NIT (downward bars). Fold change of the MIC compared to susceptible wild-type strains. Light shading denotes an inoculum of 106 cells; the overlaid dark shading corresponds to a larger inoculum of 108 cells. Numerical data are available in S1 Data. CS, collateral sensitivity; MEC, mecillinam; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NIT, nitrofurantoin; PRO, protamine sulfate; TGC, tigecycline.</p
CS due to interference with the cellular drug response.
No full text(A) Model for elevated susceptibility to NIT in a lon mutant due to induction of the SOS response. (B) Relative accumulation of SulA protein in the E. coli lon mutant in drug-free medium (mean ± SD, n = 2 biological replicates). (C) Transcription of sulA is unchanged in the lon mutant in drug-free medium (mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates). (D) Partial suppression of CS at high temperature (mean ± SD, n = 5 biological replicates). (E) Relative change of MIC compared to wild-type E. coli in mutants of the SOS response. CS is completely suppressed by deletion of sulA and partially suppressed by a noninducible allele of lexA (mean ± SD, n = 3–5 biological replicates). Numerical data are available in S1 Data. CS, collateral sensitivity; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NIT, nitrofurantoin; SulA, Suppressor of Lon.</p
Nitroreductase expression increases susceptibility to NIT.
No full text(A) Susceptibility to NIT, as measured using Etest (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) with a high inoculum of 108 cells. The nfsA and nfsB open reading frames were cloned into the pBAD vector and expressed using induction by 0.2% arabinose (mean ± SD, n = 3–5 biological replicates). Single expression constructs are labelled “A” and “B” for nfsA and nfsB, respectively. Dual expression is labelled “AB.” (B) Expression of nitroreductases reduces exponential growth rate at low concentrations of NIT. Change of growth rate relative to EV (mean ± SEM, n = 3–5 biological replicates). (C) Deletion of nitroreductases promotes survival at high concentrations of NIT, here measured for E. coli using a time-kill experiment with 24 mg/l (mean ± SEM, n = 3 biological replicates). (D) Expression of nitroreductases reduces survival to NIT, here shown for the pBAD constructs in wild-type E. coli background and 24 mg/l NIT. Dashed lines indicate 0.2% arabinose, solid lines indicate absence of arabinose (mean ± SEM, n = 3 biological replicates). The grey dashed lines in (C) and (D) indicate the limit of detection, based on Poisson estimates. Numerical data are available in S1 Data. ara, arabinose; EV, empty vector; NIT, nitrofurantoin.</p
