100 research outputs found
Conception et mise en oeuvre d'une caméra Prompt-Gamma pour la surveillance en temps réel de thérapie par faisceau d'ions
No full textLa protonthérapie est une technique prometteuse pour le traitement du cancer, qui se répend de plus en plus. Le pic prononcé de son profil de dose ainsi que la longueur finie du parcours des particules rendent possible un traitement plus ciblé et permettent de mieux éviter d’endommager des tissus sains. Cependant, la précision de l’irradiation s’avère également être le risque principal lors de l’utilisation de cette technique. En effet, une erreur dans la profondeur de pénétration des particules pourrait engendrer des dégâts considérables. A l’heure actuelle, aucune méthode de contrôle n’est systématiquement utilisée pour s’assurer de la qualité du traitement. Dans ce manuscrit, une méthode indirecte de mesure de la distribution de dose, basé sur la détection de gammas prompts émis le long du parcours du faisceau, est étudiée. Deux concepts de caméra collimatée uni-dimensionnelle sont comparés à l’aune de leur utilisation potentielle : une caméra à fentes parallèles et une caméra “knife-edge”. Les deux systèmes sont optimisés par simulations de Monte Carlo et des mesures sont présentés pour valider ces simulations. La comparaison se base sur la précision avec laquelle un décalage dans la chute du profil prompt gamma peut être détecté, la résolution spatiale, le coût et la taille du système. Des recommandations sont émises pour le choix de la meilleure configuration, selon différentes exigeances. Des résultats similaires sont obtenus pour les deux concepts, atteignant une précision de environ 2 mm pour un seul point de “pencil beam” correspondant à 5e7 protons. L’étude se conclue par un tour d’horizon des pistes de recherche futures qui permettraient d’utiliser un système de détection de gammas prompts dans un contexte clinique futur.Protontherapy is a promising technique for tumor treatment that is becoming more and more widespread. The sharply peaked profile of the dose and the finite particle range allow for very conformal treatment and better sparing of healthy tissue beyond the tumor, but he precise delivery also proves to be the biggest challenge of the technique. Errors in range are a considerable risk in proton therapy and no range monitoring method is currently systematically used for quality control. In this manuscript, an indirect method of measuring the dose distribution, via the detection of secondary prompt gamma radiation emitted along the beam path, is explored. Two different one-dimensional collimated camera concepts, a multi-parallel-slit camera and a knife-edge slit camera are compared with regards to their potential use. Both systems are optimized via Monte Carlo simulation and measurements are presented for validation. The comparison is made on the basis of the precision with which a shift in the prompt gamma profile falloff edge can be retrieved by comparison with a reference profile as well as the spatial resolution, the cost, weight and bulkiness of the system and guidelines are given for choosing the best configuration for different requirements. Similar values can be obtained for both concepts, reaching a precision for the retrieval of the falloff edge of around 2 mm for a single pencil beam spot of 5×107 protons. This study concludes with an outlook on future developments and areas of investigation with the goal of reaching clinical applicability of a prompt gamma detection system
Author Commentary: Mobile Music Technology: From Innovation to Ubiquitous Use
No full textThis author commentary chapter accompanies the re-publication of my co-authored 2006 paper ‘Mobile Music Technology: Report on an Emerging Community’ - one of 30 papers selected from 1,200 NIME papers to be included in the book ‘A NIME Reader: Fifteen Years of New Interfaces for Musical Expression, published by Springer and edited by Alexander Refsum Jensenius and Michael J. Lyons
Author Correction: A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity
No full textCorrection to: Nature Medicine. Published online 24 April 2023. In the version of this article initially published, the STRATIFY data also included cohort data from the ESTRA consortium, though this was not acknowledged in the author list and the section in Methods on the Stratify dataset. The Methods are now updated, and the author list is amended to combine the STRATIFY and ESTRA consortium names and to include the following authors: Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Hervé Lemaître, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris and Sylvane Desrivières. The STRATIFY and ESTRA consortia are now combined to list Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Hervé Lemaître, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Sylvane Desrivières and Gunter Schumann as members, and the IMAGEN consortium is updated to also include Sylvane Desrivières. Affiliations, author contributions and acknowledgements have been updated to reflect the new authorship, and all changes have been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Author Correction: A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity
No full textCorrection to: Nature Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02317-4. Published online 24 April 2023. In the version of this article initially published, the STRATIFY data also included cohort data from the ESTRA consortium, though this was not acknowledged in the author list and the section in Methods on the Stratify dataset. The Methods are now updated, and the author list is amended to combine the STRATIFY and ESTRA consortium names and to include the following authors: Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Hervé Lemaître, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris and Sylvane Desrivières. The STRATIFY and ESTRA consortia are now combined to list Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Hervé Lemaître, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Sylvane Desrivières and Gunter Schumann as members, and the IMAGEN consortium is updated to also include Sylvane Desrivières. Affiliations, author contributions and acknowledgements have been updated to reflect the new authorship, and all changes have been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.</p
Possibilities and limitations of forensic linguistics : multidisciplinarity at the studies of forensic-linguistic texts with special regards to the topics of criminalistic, jurisprudence and forensic handwriting analysis
No full textDie Arbeit ist in vier Themengebiete gegliedert, welche anhand von interdisziplinär vernetzten Beispielen am Schluss veranschaulicht werden, um das breite Spektrum der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.
Der erste Teil, welcher auch den Schwerpunkt und den umfangreichsten Teil dieser Arbeit darstellt, ist das Themengebiet der forensischen Linguistik. Dabei werden im Speziellen die Hypothesen, Analysemethoden und im Besonderen die Autorenerkennung als Herzstück beleuchtet und anschließend die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser wissenschaftlichen Methode aufgezeigt.
Der zweite Teil „Der kriminalistische Ansatz“ beschäftigt sich mit der Arbeitsweise der Kriminalisten und der Spurensicherung, wobei zunächst ein paar Grundbegriffe erläutert werden, um das Thema besser zu veranschaulichen. Hier werden auch die wissenschaftlichen Methoden und modernen Analysegeräte für verschiedene kriminalistische Spuren beschrieben und erklärt, unter anderem die zur Schriftvergleichung verwendeten Gerätschaften, welche für den anschließenden dritten Teil, die forensische Schriftvergleichung, von Bedeutung sind. Bei der forensischen Schriftvergleichung geht es im Besonderen um die Analysemethoden und die graphisch relevanten Aspekte von Schriften.
Anschließend wird im vierten Teil kurz auf das in dieser Arbeit auch relevante Thema der Rechtswissenschaften eingegangen.
Diese vier Themengebiete werden im letzten Teil mit wahren und themenmäßig sehr unterschiedlichen Beispielen verbunden, um die Aspekte aller bei den Ermittlungen und Analysen von (kriminalistischen) Fällen zu verdeutlichen.This paper is structured in four topics, which are illustrated in form of multidisciplinary examples at the last chapter of this work to demonstrate the possibilities of the application spectrum.
The first part, which represents the main part of this work, gives the attention to the subject of forensic linguistics. In this case the hypotheses, the multivariate methods of analysis and the identification of the author, as the special part, are demonstrated and afterwards the possibilities and the limitations of these subjects are illustrated.
The second part of this work is about criminalistic analysis methods, which includes the work of a criminalist and the securing of evidence. At the beginning some special terms will be defined to be able to retrace this art of working. Whatsoever the scientific methods and modern analysis equipment for criminalistic evidence are described and avowed, including also the ones, which are needed for the following third part, the forensic handwriting analysis. The forensic handwriting analysis deals with the methods of the analysis of handwritings and the relevant graphic aspects of handwritings.
Afterwards it’ll be payed regards to jurisprudence, which also plays a part in this work.
In the last part all these four themes are brought together and are manifested with the help of true and various examples to demonstrate the whole range of variations in crime scene investigations and analysis methods.vorgelegt von Frauke ObermoserAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersInnsbruck, Univ., Diss., 201
Possibilities and limitations of forensic linguistics : multidisciplinarity at the studies of forensic-linguistic texts with special regards to the topics of criminalistic, jurisprudence and forensic handwriting analysis
No full textDie Arbeit ist in vier Themengebiete gegliedert, welche anhand von interdisziplinär vernetzten Beispielen am Schluss veranschaulicht werden, um das breite Spektrum der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.
Der erste Teil, welcher auch den Schwerpunkt und den umfangreichsten Teil dieser Arbeit darstellt, ist das Themengebiet der forensischen Linguistik. Dabei werden im Speziellen die Hypothesen, Analysemethoden und im Besonderen die Autorenerkennung als Herzstück beleuchtet und anschließend die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser wissenschaftlichen Methode aufgezeigt.
Der zweite Teil „Der kriminalistische Ansatz“ beschäftigt sich mit der Arbeitsweise der Kriminalisten und der Spurensicherung, wobei zunächst ein paar Grundbegriffe erläutert werden, um das Thema besser zu veranschaulichen. Hier werden auch die wissenschaftlichen Methoden und modernen Analysegeräte für verschiedene kriminalistische Spuren beschrieben und erklärt, unter anderem die zur Schriftvergleichung verwendeten Gerätschaften, welche für den anschließenden dritten Teil, die forensische Schriftvergleichung, von Bedeutung sind. Bei der forensischen Schriftvergleichung geht es im Besonderen um die Analysemethoden und die graphisch relevanten Aspekte von Schriften.
Anschließend wird im vierten Teil kurz auf das in dieser Arbeit auch relevante Thema der Rechtswissenschaften eingegangen.
Diese vier Themengebiete werden im letzten Teil mit wahren und themenmäßig sehr unterschiedlichen Beispielen verbunden, um die Aspekte aller bei den Ermittlungen und Analysen von (kriminalistischen) Fällen zu verdeutlichen.This paper is structured in four topics, which are illustrated in form of multidisciplinary examples at the last chapter of this work to demonstrate the possibilities of the application spectrum.
The first part, which represents the main part of this work, gives the attention to the subject of forensic linguistics. In this case the hypotheses, the multivariate methods of analysis and the identification of the author, as the special part, are demonstrated and afterwards the possibilities and the limitations of these subjects are illustrated.
The second part of this work is about criminalistic analysis methods, which includes the work of a criminalist and the securing of evidence. At the beginning some special terms will be defined to be able to retrace this art of working. Whatsoever the scientific methods and modern analysis equipment for criminalistic evidence are described and avowed, including also the ones, which are needed for the following third part, the forensic handwriting analysis. The forensic handwriting analysis deals with the methods of the analysis of handwritings and the relevant graphic aspects of handwritings.
Afterwards it’ll be payed regards to jurisprudence, which also plays a part in this work.
In the last part all these four themes are brought together and are manifested with the help of true and various examples to demonstrate the whole range of variations in crime scene investigations and analysis methods.vorgelegt von Frauke ObermoserAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersInnsbruck, Univ., Diss., 201
Dynamics and heterogeneity of environmental attitude, willingness and behavior in Germany from 1993 to 2021
No full textfirst_pagesettingsOrder Article ReprintsOpen AccessArticleDynamics and Heterogeneity of Environmental Attitude, Willingness and Behavior in Germany from 1993 to 2021by Frauke Meyer, Hawal Shamon* [ORCID] and Stefan Vögele[ORCID]Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung (IEK-STE), 52425 Jülich, Germany*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 16207; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316207Received: 26 October 2022 / Revised: 23 November 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 / Published: 5 December 2022(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)Download Browse FiguresVersions NotesAbstractThis paper analyzes environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior using a relatively broad range of survey items from the four Environment Modules of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) in Germany. The ISSP Environment Module is a repeated cross-sectional large-scale survey in Germany covering a period of nearly 30 years with four survey waves (1993, 2000, 2010, and 2020). We find that environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior are relatively stable between 1993 and 2010 in Germany. However, in the fourth wave, we find a significant upward trend in attitude and willingness compared to 2010—even though the COVID-19 pandemic was omnipresent at the time of the survey. This could indicate that climate change and environmental issues have gained such significance that they cannot easily be fully displaced by other major events, such as a pandemic. Moreover, we detect systematic heterogeneity in environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior predominantly with respect to respondents’ education, residential region, and political orientation but also some heterogeneity regarding gender, age, and income. Finally, we reveal that the dynamic of environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior also depends on certain socio-demographic characteristics, such as residential region, or political orientation. Our findings are essential for a better understanding of the social feasibility of transformation pathways towards a sustainable energy system
Statistical methods for body mass index: a selective review
No full textObesity rates have been increasing over recent decades, causing significant concern among policy makers. Excess body fat, commonly measured by body mass index, is a major risk factor for several common disorders including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, placing a substantial burden on health care systems. To guide effective public health action, we need to understand the complex system of intercorrelated influences on body mass index. This paper, based on all eligible articles searched from Global health, Medline and Web of Science databases, reviews both classical and modern statistical methods for body mass index analysis. We give a description of each of these methods, exploring the classification, links and differences between them and the reasons for choosing one over the others in different settings. We aim to provide a key resource and statistical library for researchers in public health and medicine to deal with obesity and body mass index data analysis.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work has been supported in part by the National Institute for Health Research Method Grant (NIHR RMOFS-2013-03-09) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71490725, 11261048, 11371322)
Author Response: The Index Vein Pointing to the Origin of the Migraine Aura Symptom: A Case Series.
No full textDeterminants of maximal dose titration of sacubitril/valsartan in clinical practice
No full textBackground: Little information is available about the tolerability of uptitration to the maximal dose of sacubitril/valsartan and the predictors and clinical correlates of achieving such a dose. Methods: All consecutive heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who received sacubitril/valsartan for a class-IB indication in a tertiary heart failure clinic were retrospectively analysed. Predictors of maximal uptitration including associated changes in clinical parameters were assessed in patients with at least 1 follow-up. Results: A total of 401 HFrEF-patients received sacubitril/valsartan. Uptitration was possible in 41% and up to 32% of patients tolerated the maximal dose of sacubitril/valsartan. Younger age (HR = 0.862; CI = 0.751-0.989), higher systolic-blood-pressure (HR = 1.077; CI = 1.014-1.137), lower serum creatinine (HR = 0.064; CI = 0.005-0.822), and higher previous dose of renin-angiotensin-system-inhibitors (RASi [HR = 1.065; CI = 1.016-1.115]) independently predicted a higher odds of tolerating a maximal dose of sacubitril/valsartan. Patients who were seen more frequently in a structured heart failure clinic were also more likely to receive a maximal dose (p = .038). Patient assigned to the maximal dose, were more often able to reduce their loop diuretic dose (p = .001) and more often had an increase in serum creatinine (p = .011), without a higher risk for hyperkalemia (p = .524). An improvement in New York Heart Association class and the rate of heart failure hospitalisations was observed in all patients, independent of the sacubitril/valsartan dose. Conclusion: Uptitration to the maximal dose of sacubitril/valsartan is possible in up to 32% of real-world HFrEF-patients in our cohort, which relates to both patient characteristics' as well as heart failure care-related factors.Pieter Martens is supported by a doctoral fellowship by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO, grant-number: 1127917N). Pieter Martens and Wilfried Mullens are researchers for the Limburg Clinical Research Centre (LCRC) UHasselt-ZOL-Jessa, supported by the foundation Limburg Sterk Merk (LSM), Hasselt University, Ziekenhuis OostLimburg, and Jessa Hospital.Martens, P (reprint author), Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Dept Cardiol, Schiepse Bos 6, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
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