1,812 research outputs found
Logística para cadena de suministro: una aproximación desde la revisión de la literatura
No full textEsta revisión de literatura tiene como objetivo analizar cuantitativamente el comportamiento de la logística para las cadenas de suministros en Colombia y como esta es fundamental para las estrategias y el desarrollo de las empresas, se toman en cuenta varios elementos que componen la logística, con el fin de identificar los enfoques teóricos, metodológicos y las tendencias actuales que se han visto influenciadas por su evolución y eficiencia, a través de la recopilación de datos en fuentes confiables. Para ello, se siguió de la teoría de la logística Ballou (2004). La metodología es de tipo cualitativo a partir de una aproximación a la revisión de la literatura, dentro de los resultados obtenidos en la investigación vemos que, la logística para las cadenas de suministros ha tenido un avance y una reactivación luego de enfrentar una crisis causada por el impacto que tuvo la pandemia del COVID-19 en el año 2020 – 2021.This literature review aims to analyze the behavior of logistics for supply chains in Colombia and how it is fundamental to the strategies and development of companies. Several elements that make up logistics are taken into account, in order to identify the theoretical and methodological approaches and currante trends that have been influenced by its evolution and efficiency, through the collection of data from reliable sources. To do this, Ballou's (2004) logistics theory was followed. The methodology is qualitative based on an approach to the literature review. Within the results obtained in the research, we see that logistics for supply chains has made progress and reactivated after facing a crisis caused by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021.Dedicatoria --
Agradecimiento --
Resumen --
Abstract --
Introducción --
Justificación --
Objetivos --
Objetivo general --
Objetivos específicos --
Comprender el estado del desempeño logístico de la cadena de suministro nacional --
Definición del tema --
Metodología --
Tipo de Investigación --
Diseño de investigación --
Técnicas para recolección de información --
Marco teórico --
Definiciones claves --
Origen de la cadena de suministros --
Cadenas productivas en la economía mundo antes de 1800 --
Análisis del desarrollo de las cadenas productivas en Colombia durante el año 2020 --
La cadena de suministro: una revisión de la literatura 2018-2023 --
Gestión de cadena de suministro: una mirada desde la perspectiva teórica --
Guía metodológica para el análisis de cadenas productivas --
La logística y la cadena de suministro --
Cadenas productivas y productividad de las Mipymes --
La administración de la cadena de suministro y su importancia en las empresas, como parte de la estrategia en los nuevos modelos de negocios --
Hacia una logística integrada y circular --
La relación entre logística, cadena de suministro y competitividad: una revisión de literatura--
Gestión de la cadena de abastecimiento --
La gestión del conocimiento en la cadena de suministro. Análisis de la influencia del contexto organizativo --
Gestión de la cadena de suministros y productividad en la literatura científica --
Cadena de suministro en todas las actividades de manera teórica --
Gestión de cadena de suministro --
La administración de las cadenas de suministros --
Fases de la cadena de suministro--
Comercialización de productos agrícolas --
10.20 Logística de cadena de suministros desde la parte teórica --
Planificación operativa --
La inteligencia artificial en la gestión de la cadena de suministro --
Conclusión --
Referencias --PregradoAdministrador de Empresa
Microcentrum amacayacu Cadena-Castaneda & Sovano, n. sp.
No full textMicrocentrum amacayacu Cadeña-Castañeda & Sovano n. sp. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. Tegmen lanceolate; stridulatory vein evenly thickened from the anal to the distal margin, curving gently towards the median portion. Tympanic foramen brown in both sides. Cerci elongated, dorsal apex armed with a sclerotic plate, ventral apex unarmed, forming a forceps. Subgenital plate rectangular with an U-shaped emargination. Styles cylindrical. Holotype. ♂ Colombia, Amazonas, Parque Natural Nacional Amacayacu, (3 º 50 ’02’’s / 69 º 54 ’W). 100 m. 5 de mayo del 2012. C. Rodriguez leg. (MUD). Description. Color: Predominantly olive-green (Fig. 1 A). Head: Fastigium of the vertex 1.5 times as wide as the antennal scape, continuous to the fastigium of the frons (Fig. 1 B). Lateral ocellus spherical and conspicuous. Central ocellus yellow-greenish, spherical and conspicuous as well. Compound eyes globose reddish-brown. Thorax: Pronotum smooth. Pronotal disc plane, anterior margin lightly ondulate in the median portion (Fig. 1 C), lateral lobes with straight anterior margin (Fig, 1 D), and lower margin gently curving from the median part to the humeral sinus. Tegmen lanceolate, semicoriacea, enlarged at the median portion and narrowing towards the apex. Stridulatory vein two thirds as long as the width of the posterior margin of pronotal disk, evenly thickened, and curving gently in the median portion. Legs: Fore and mid femura unarmed, fore and mid tibiae armed with small spines on the ventral margin. Tympanic organ brown pigmented on both sides, genicular lobes unarmed. Abdomen: Tenth tergite without modification, lanceolate epiproct. Cerci tumescent, elongated, surpassing the subgenital plate (Fig. 1 E), dorsal apex armed with a sclerotic plate, ventral apex unarmed, forming a forcep. Subgenital plate longer than wide (Fig. 1 F), emargination in the posterior margin U-shaped, styles cylindrical and twice as long as the emargination of the subgenital plate. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Amayacu, south of Colombia, type locality of the species. Measurements. LB: 50, Pr: 5, Teg: 36, HF: 19, HT: 21, PS: 2.5, C: 3. Comments. This species resembles M. irregulare and Microcentrum championi Saussure & Pictet, 1898, but differs in thickness and in the apex of cerci, shape of the subgenital plate and length of styles, also the shape of the stridulatory vein.Published as part of Da Silva Sovano, Rafael S. & Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., 2015, New species of Microcentrum Scudder, 1862 (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae) from Amazon rainforest, pp. 591-600 in Zootaxa 3937 (3) on page 593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/24165
Atratomorpha jorgei Murcia and Cadena-Castaneda 2023, new species
No full text<i>Atratomorpha jorgei</i> Murcia and Cadena-Castañeda, new species <p>(Fig. 18–22)</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> ♂. Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio de Tequendama, Chicaque Natural Park. 4°36′29″N 74°18′21″W. 2538 m. 7 March 2014 (CAUD).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> 2♀. Same data as holotype. ♂. 4°37′05″N 74°18′43″W. 2229 m. 26 September 2020. 2♂ 4°36′32″N 74°18′26″W 2469 m. 26 June 2013. 2♂ y 1♀ 4°37′11″N 74°18′46″W 2247 m. 26 June 2013 (CAUD).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male.</b> Body robust, general coloration dull black, antennomeres apically white, and tarsi brown (Fig. 18A–B.) <b>Head.</b> As long as wide, similar in length to the pronotum and with ocellar rudiments, vertex flattened and without spines; eyes rounded and mid-sized; antennal scape rectangular in dorsal view, slightly compressed dorsoventrally, pedicel as long as the scape and round in cross-section, third antennomere as long as the scape and pedicel together (Fig. 18C–D), the others 35 antennomeres progressively increasing in length, antennae slightly surpassing the abdomen (Fig. 18A–B). <b>Thorax.</b> Pronotum indistinctly longer than wide, with large rounded anterolateral angles for defensive glands, pronotal disc with a longitudinal furrow extending from anterior margin to near posterior region of pronotum (Fig. 18C–D). Mesonotum about 1.2 times longer than pronotum, progressively widened from its anterior to posterior margin, with a pair of dorsolateral spines located on the anterior part and a pair of posterior dorsal spines near the middle of the mesonotum, the lateral margins with a longitudinal row of spines varying in size; a conspicuous small spine protrudes from its posterior margin (Fig. 18A–D). Metanotum half as long as of mesonotum, posterior margin very smooth almost indistinguishable from the median segment. Prosternum half as long as mesosternum, with distinctly convex posterior margin. Mesosternum with conspicuously invaginated mesofurcal groove. Metasternum one-third of the length of mesosternum with conspicuously invaginated metafurcal groove. <b>Legs.</b> Long, smooth and unarmed, femur rectangular, with four setous edges, slightly widened apically. Profemur longer than head, pro-, and mesonotum combined. Mesofemur slightly curved. Metafemur reaching the posterior margin of tergite VII; tibiae smooth and unarmed, area apicalis present, pro- and metatibiae distinctly longer than second ones. Basitarsi at least as long as the sum of the II–III tarsomeres, the rest of the tarsomeres progressively reducing their length. <b>Abdomen.</b> Distinctly thinner than thorax, longer than head and thorax combined. Abdominal segments II–VII with small posterolateral projections and segments II–VI with a small spine on its posterior margin. Median segment inconspicuous as long as metanotum; tergite II and III as long as wide; tergite IV–VI progressively elongated, slightly longer than wide; tergite VII as long as wide but shorter than previous tergites; tergite VIII broader than long; tergite IX longer than tergite VIII and slightly wider than long, slightly raised above midpoint; tergite X twice as wide as long but narrower than other tergites, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin prominent with a small extension in the central area and a small notch. Cerci setose, as long as tergite X, round transversely, curved and thicker near their base. Abdominal sternites smooth but slightly raised on their posterior margin; sternites II–III as long as wide; sternites IV–VI slightly longer than wide; sternites VII wider than long; sternites VIII twice as wide as long with posterior margin slightly convex, poculum, prominent raised, and cup-shaped (Fig. 18E–G).</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Body robust (Fig. 19A–B). <b>Head.</b> As in male (Fig. 19C–D). <b>Pronotum.</b> Quadrangular with slightly compressed lateral margins; mesonotum longer than pronotum with straight lateral margins (Fig. 19A–B). <b>Abdomen.</b> As wide as thorax, narrowing posteriorly. Tergites II–VI wider than long; tergite VII narrower than tergite VI; tergite VIII slightly shorter than tergite VII; tergite IX with posterior margin abruptly raised medially, tergite X cupuliform, slightly keeled longitudinally, wider towards its anterior margin, posterior margin tapering slightly towards its apex. Cerci slightly shorter than tergite X. Abdominal sternites similar to those of male but uniformly smooth, sternites II–III wider than long; posterior margin of sternite VII narrow at its apex; subgenital plate elongated, with fine hairs, and a convex and rounded posterior margin (Fig. 19E–G).</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm).</b> ♂ / ♀ TL: 26–35 / 37–40, Pr: 2–4 / 3–4, Ms: 4–6 / 5–6, Mt: 2.5–5 / 3–5, MSeg:1–2 / 2–3, Pf: 11–11.5 / 13–12, Mf: 8–11 / 10–10.5, Hf: 11–13 / 13–14, Pt: 11–13 / 14–15, Mt: 9–10 / 10–11, Ht: 13–14 / 16–16.5, Ant: 24–36 / 39–43.</p> <p> <b>Eggs.</b> Capsule rough, bright light brown (Fig. 20). Rectangular in shape with posterior pole rounded dorsally (Fig. 20A), capsule 1.3 times longer than wide and 1.2 times longer than tall, dorsal surface straight and narrowed abruptly over polar area (Fig. 20B), ventral surface almost straight narrowing over the polar area, operculum ovoid and flat with a small central cone (Fig. 20C). Micropylar plate ellipse-shaped, located in the central part of the egg, with raised inner part and, wide margins. Micropylar cup over posterior end of micropylar plate (Fig. 20A). 7 eggs examined.</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm).</b> Length 3, capsule height 2.4, capsule width 2, operculum diameter 1.2.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is dedicated to the father of the first author, Jorge Murcia Romero, thanking him for his invaluable support and recognizing his impetus for persistence in the face of adversity.</p> <p> <b>Comparison.</b> This new species is included within <i>Atratomorpha</i>, due to its matte black coloration, apterism, antennae slender and longer than the body, legs elongated and slender, profemur at least equal in length to the combination of the pro- and mesothorax. This new species is very similar to <i>Atratomorpha atrata</i> (Hebard, 1919), but differs in the shape of the scape being rectangular, not as square, the pronotum smooth and without granules. Female with the posterior margin of the tergite IX abruptly elevated medially, the tergite X is cupuliform; subgenital plate is elongated with a distinctly rounded margin and is not conical in shape as described for <i>A. atrata</i>. The tergite X of the male of <i>A. jorgei</i> <b>new species</b> has a prominent posterior margin and a small prolongation in the central area; very different from that seen in <i>A. atrata</i> which is distinctively rounded, smooth, and not prominent. The cerci in both sexes are setose but differ in being curved and thicker near their base in the new species.</p> <p> It also differs from <i>Atratomorpha coriacea</i> (Redtenbacher 1906), which has bright yellow eyes in the dorsal half and black in the ventral half, but in <i>Atratomorpha jorgei</i> <b>new species</b> the eyes are entirely black; also, the surface of the body of <i>A. coriacea</i> is densely grained.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> Sometimes the males with Acari (Mesostigmata) ectoparasites on their antennae, were observed (Fig. 21A). Several individuals were seen perched or moving on ferns (Fig. 21B). Eventually, copulating individuals were found, and sexual dimorphism in this species can be noticed, with the females being distinctively more robust and slightly longer than the males (Fig. 22A). When handled and feeling threatened, they frequently release a white spray from their prothoracic glands that are fired from a distance, irritating the mucous membranes and leaving the insect’s body covered with this liquid, giving a milky appearance on the integument (Fig. 22B).</p> <p>The specimens examined are very similar and show no apparent intraspecific variation (Fig. 22C). However, the specimens found in the lower zone of the park at 2229 m have a larger body size, being noticeably more robust and longer than the individuals found in the upper zone of the park above 2530 m, showing an evident reduction in body size in the higher areas of the park.</p> <p> <b>Tribe Pseudophasmatini Kirby, 1904</b></p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> <i>Nubilophasma</i> Murcia and Cadena-Castañeda, <b>new genus</b>, is included in Pseudophasmatini, due to the following characters: 1) body opaque, not shiny; 2) head clearly longer than wide; 3) ocelli present in at least one of the sexes; 4) mesonotum with a distinctive midline dorsally; 5) profemur longer than head prothorax and mesothorax combined, strongly curved and compressed basally (Zompro 2005). 6) Tegmina with projecting anterolateral borders and wings that do not project beyond the tip of the abdomen (Zompro 2004).</p>Published as part of <i>Murcia, Andres David & Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., 2023, The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia, pp. 1-45 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (20)</i> on pages 20-25, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10621846">10.5281/zenodo.10621846</a>
Lethus oresterus Rehn & Rehn 1934
No full text<i>Lethus oresterus</i> Rehn & Rehn, 1934 <p>(fig. 35)</p> <p> <b>Specimens examined. ♂</b>. Guatemala, Huehuetenango, San Pedro. 2000 m. 15 May 1993. J. Monzón <i>leg</i>. <b>♂</b>. Zacapa, La Unión, 8 March, 1997. D. Rodriguez <i>leg</i>. <b>♂</b>. El Progreso, Finca Sta. Clara. 17 April, 1988. G. Samayoa <i>leg</i>. (UVGC).</p>Published as part of <i>Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. & Monzón-Sierra, José, 2014, Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist, pp. 379-411 in Zootaxa 3857 (3)</i> on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/250529">http://zenodo.org/record/250529</a>
Data reliability analysis of a low-cost device versus a reference device for measuring particulate matter (PM2.5) inside a home located in the town of Usaquen
No full textEn la actualidad podemos ver que la contaminación atmosférica se ha convertido en una problemática ambiental con gran relevancia debido a las diversas afecciones negativas que tiene sobre la salud humana, ésta ha sido un problema a tratar a nivel mundial por la cantidad de contaminantes que respiramos y de los cuales desconocemos sus concentraciones, como es el caso del material particulado. Con base en lo anterior, adicionalmente a los monitoreos de carácter ambiental, surge la necesidad de fortalecer los sistemas de monitoreo de calidad del aire en ambientes interiores, teniendo en cuenta que después de la pandemia los estilos de vida de muchas personas cambiaron, no obstante, los altos costos de los dispositivos de medición de calidad del aire, hoy en día dificultan la realización de pruebas para cumplir con las necesidad de población. De acuerdo a esta problemática, actualmente, aunque es poca la información que se tiene de los Dispositivos de Bajo Costo (DBC), han tomado un auge importante y se han convertido en una importante posibilidad para obtener información del recurso aire y su aplicación tienda a ser más confiable. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general, analizar la confiabilidad de los datos de material particulado inferior a 2.5 micras (PM2.5) generados por un Dispositivo de Bajo Costo desarrollado por el Instituto de Salud y Ambiente de la Universidad El Bosque frente a un equipo de referencia “Aeroqual serie 500 monitor”, para lo cual se planteó la medición de los monitoreo de manera simultánea en una vivienda ubicada en Usaquén. Los resultados de PM2.5 obtenidos por el DBC se compararon con los obtenidos por el equipo de referencia, con el fin de evaluar su confiabilidad y determinar si es procedente su implementación futura de monitoreo o estudios de investigación, para lo cual, se utilizó la metodología de “Distorsión Dinámica del Tiempo (DTW)”, que permitió identificar la correlación en los datos obtenidos para realizar una comparación y análisis de las mediciones que realizó el DBC frente al equipo de referencia “Aeroqual serie 500 monitor”, en donde se encontraron patrones de coincidencias entre las secuencias, y en su mayoría se pudo reflejar que las concentraciones de PM2.5 arrojadas por el DBC tienen una sobreestimación del 23,3% frente al equipo de referencia, por tanto, con una serie de ajustes y calibración el DBC sería un método viable para la medición de calidad del aire.Instituto de Salud y Ambiente (Universidad El Bosque)Ingeniero AmbientalPregradoCurrently we can see that air pollution has become an environmental problem with great relevance due to the various negative effects it has on human health. This has been a problem to be treated worldwide due to the amount of pollutants we breathe and of which we do not know their concentrations, as is the case of particulate matter. Based on the above, in addition to environmental monitoring, there is a need to strengthen air quality monitoring systems in indoor environments, taking into account that after the pandemic the lifestyles of many people changed, however , the high costs of air quality measurement devices today make it difficult to carry out tests to meet population needs. According to this problem, currently, although there is little information about Low Cost Devices (LCD), they have gained significant popularity and have become an important possibility to obtain information on the air resource and its application. be more reliable. The general objective of this work is to analyze the reliability of data on particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) generated by a Low Cost Device developed by the Institute of Health and Environment of the Universidad El Bosque against a team reference “Aeroqual series 500 monitor”, for which the measurement of monitoring was proposed simultaneously in a home located in Usaquén. The PM2.5 results obtained by the DBC were compared with those obtained by the reference team, in order to evaluate their reliability and determine if future implementation of monitoring or research studies is appropriate, for which the “Dynamic Time Distortion (DTW)” methodology, which allowed identifying the correlation in the data obtained to carry out a comparison and analysis of the measurements made by the DBC against the reference equipment “Aeroqual series 500 monitor”, where they were found coincidence patterns between the sequences, and for the most part it could be reflected that the PM2.5 concentrations returned by the DBC have an overestimation of 23,3% compared to the reference equipment, therefore, with a series of adjustments and calibration the DBC would be a viable method for air quality measurement
Paracophus velazquezi Cadena-Castaneda 2021, n. sp.
No full textParacophus velazquezi Cadena-Castañeda n. sp. (Fig. 3, 4, 7 A-D, 8A) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:514180 Etymology. Dedicated to the engineer Edgar Velazquez from the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico (Victoria campus), for all the support offered to the first author in the different academic procedures. Type material. Holotype. Male. Mexico, Tamaulipas, Mirador Altas Cumbres, close to Balcon de Montezuma. 23.6059, -99.2049. 1260 m. 12 february 2016, O.J. Cadena-Castañeda & M. González leg. (CAUD). Paratypes. 1 male and 1 female immature, 1 subadult female, all specimens with the same data as holotype. Description. Male. Mid-sized for the genus, the whole body is covered with small hairs, giving it a tomentose texture. Coloration. Ocher brown all over the body (Fig. 3A, B), black eyes (Fig. 3C), and the lower border of the cephalic capsule outlined in black at the level of the genae. Meso-, metanotum and first abdominal tergite with a darker tonality than the rest of the body (Fig. 3A). Head. Rounded, frons between antennal scapes very narrow; all ocelli reduced and not visible, eyes small and triangular-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 3C). Maxillary palp with five palpomeres, first and second shorter, third larger than fourth, and the fifth-largest is curved and rounded at apex. Thorax. Pronotal disc longer than wide and with curved dorsal edge in lateral view (Fig. 3A), straight anterior and posterior edges in the dorsal view, lateral lobes with rounded edges and moderately expanded, especially in the anterior half. Mesonotum with the dorsal surface sclerotized (visible when the wings are removed), metanotum as long and wide as the first abdominal segment and without any modification (Fig. 3B). Wings. Tegmina thickened, with diffuse venation and functional stridulating file, hind wings absent (Fig. 3B). Legs. Coxae broad and moderately elongated; fore and mid femur laterally compressed and without spines, fore and mid tibiae with three small spines on each ventral margin, ventral apex with two mobile spurs of similar size, tarsomeres dorsally unarmed, first tarsomere notoriously elongated, the second tarsomere reduced. Hind femur with a median line that goes from the base to the apex crossing the entire external face at the middle, additionally on the external face of the hind femur, faint whitish-yellow stripes cross from the dorsal edge to the midline of the femur; hind tibia with 4 spurs on each dorsal margin, the apex of the tibia with three spurs on outer and inner margin, medial spur the longest and the dorsal spur the smallest; first tarsomere elongated with two rows of dorsal denticulations with seven denticles on each row, also with one apical spurs on each side. Abdomen. Tergal glands between the fourth to seventh segments little visible and located between intersegmental membranes, slightly raising the dorsal margin of the posterior edge of the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh abdominal segment. Epiproctus subtriangular, wider than long; cerci as long as the hind femur; subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide, with a straight posterior edge (Fig. 3B). Genitalia. Pseudepiphallic median lophi elongated, with a moderately deep “U” shaped notch; lateral lophi moderately prolonged and with a rounded distal edge in dorsal view (Fig. 4A, B); in lateral view, extended into a conspicuous spine and a smaller spine posteriorly, both at the apex (Fig. 4C); ectophallic fold membranous, conical and prominent (Fig. 4A); pseudepiphallic parameres with the distal processes rounded and exceeding the length of the median lophi in ventral view (Fig. 4B); arc narrow and not up-curved. Endophallic sclerite sclerotized, tubuliform, with three medium-sized processes at the apex; endophallic apodeme with cartilaginous appearance, widened at the base, the anterior border with two undulations, and the posterior portion tapering to connect with the endophallic sclerite (Fig. 4B). Ectophallic apodeme thin and undulating towards the basal region of the genitalia; rami shoulder blade-shaped, widened in lateral view, and internally concave (Fig. 4C). Female. Similar to the male in appearance, the paratype female is subadult and does not have wing outlines, as it happens with the adult females of P. subapterus, possibly in its last molt, the tegmina would appear (Fig. 3D, E). Lager than males and darker; no glandular modification is present on the abdominal tergites; epiproctus triangular and angled apically. ovipositor with lanceolate apex (Fig. 3E). Measurements (mm): Male holotype: LB: 12. Pr: 2.5. Teg.: 1.1. HF: 8. HT: 8.5. Subadult female paratype: LB: 17.5. Pr: 3.2. HF: 9. HT: 8.8. Comments. The specimens were collected in an unnamed vertical cavern with a narrow entrance. We raided to a depth of 5 m, from then on, a rugged and deep fall was observed. The species co-inhabits with other Nemoricantor undescribed species, and with frogs that possibly prey on those crickets. Specimens of P. velazquezi n. sp. are very fast, and when they perceive white light, they quickly hide between the cracks, making it difficult to capture (Fig. 8A).Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Soto, Wolfang Andrés Rodríguez, Cárdenas, Andrea Del Pilar Floréz & Acevedo, Angélica, 2021, Studies on Neotropical crickets: The continental Otteiini taxa (Orthoptera Phalangopsidae), those cave crickets are not confined to the West Indies, pp. 331-356 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 337-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/492060
Pre-surgical and intra-surgical risk factors associated with malignant ovarian lesions in pediatric patients of the Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia (HOMI)
No full textIntroducción: Las conductas quirúrgicas para manejar los tumores de ovario en pediátria tienen impacto en el futuro de las pacientes, por tanto, se requiere identificar los factores prequirúrgicos e intraquirúrgicos que puedan orientar la decisión quirúrgica.
Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de corte transversal en pacientes pediátricas entre 1 mes y 18 años con lesiones ováricas intervenidas quirúrgicamente entre enero de 2014 y agosto de 2023. Se describen datos demográficos y se analizaron factores de riesgo prequirúrgicos e intraquirúrgicos asociados a tumores malignos de ovario.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 73 pacientes con promedio de edad 12 años, 16 pacientes (21,9%) con tumores malignos de ovario(TMO). Se identificaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con masa palpable, alfa feto proteína y Ca125 positivos, marcadores tumorales negativos, tamaño ≥ 8 cm y flujo doppler aumentado en imágenes, y componente quístico y mixto de la masa en cirugía. En el modelo de regresión el tamaño ≥ 8 cm en imágenes es de riesgo para tumores malignos de ovario OR 9,2 (IC95%2,1-40,2) p=0,025, mientras que el componente quístico en la cirugía OR 0,061 (IC95% 0,005-0,72) p=0,003 y tener marcadores tumorales negativos OR 0,064 (IC95% 0,015-0,267) p=0,000 se comportan como factores protectores para TMO.
Discusión y conclusiones: El tamaño del tumor ≥ 8 cm en imágenes, los marcadores tumorales negativos y componente quístico del tumor en cirugía son factores asociados a TMO en pediatría, el primero factor de riesgo y los dos últimos como factores protectores, pueden usarse para aportar seguridad al cirujano pediatra en decidir la conducta quirúrgica (Texto tomado de la fuente).Introduction: Surgical behaviors to manage ovarian tumors in pediatrics have an impact on the future of patients, therefore, it is necessary to identify preoperative and intraoperative factors that can guide the surgical decision.
Methods: Retrospective analytical observational cross-sectional study in pediatric patients between 1 month and 18 years with ovarian lesions surgically intervened between January 2014 and August 2023. Demographic data are described and preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with malignant ovarian tumors were analyzed.
Results: 73 patients with mean age 12 years were included, 16 patients (21.9%) with ovarian malignant tumors (OMT). Statistically significant associations were identified with palpable mass, positive alpha fetoprotein and Ca125, negative tumor markers, size ≥ 8 cm and increased doppler flow on imaging, and cystic and mixed component of the mass at surgery. In the regression model size ≥ 8 cm on images is risk for OMT OR 9.2 (95%CI2.1-40.2) p=0.025, while cystic component at surgery OR 0.061 (95%CI 0.005-0.72) p=0.003 and having negative tumor markers OR 0.064 (95%CI 0.015-0.267) p=0.000 behave as protective factors for OMT.
Discussion and conclusions: Tumor size ≥ 8 cm on imaging, negative tumor markers and cystic tumor component on surgery are factors associated with OMT in pediatrics, the former a risk factor and the latter two as protective factors, therefore can be used to provide reassurance to the pediatric surgeon in deciding surgical conduct.Especialidades MédicasEspecialista en Cirugía PediátricaSe recolectarán pacientes a partir de la estadística de pacientes del servicio de cirugía pediátrica, se utilizará un formulario de google drive para registrar la información de las historias clínicas protegiendo los datos personales dado en la tabla de datos cada paciente solo tendra el documento de identidad que corresponde al mismo de historia clinica sin otros elementos que permitan identificar cada paciente. El acceso al número de historia sólo lo tendrá el investigador principal.
La información correspondiente a imágenes diagnósticas se extraera del reporte final de radiología, de no contar con el mismo o si hay dudas respecto al reporte, se realizará la revisión de las imágenes con el radiologo de nuestro estudio.
La información de patología sera basada en el reporte de patología de la pieza quirúrgica extraída durante el procedimiento, estos reportes de patología se basan en el tipo celular, sus caracteristicas morfológicas, grado de diferenciación, infiltración del tejido por otras células y en algunas ocasiones marcadores de histoquímica. Si se presentan dudas respecto a un reporte de patología se realizará la revisión con el patologo de nuestro estudio.
Los datos del estudio se depurarán y procesarán en el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS versión 25.0 o en R versión 4.2.3 del 2023-03-15.
Se clasificarán las pacientes incluidas en el estudio en dos grupos: lesiones malignas y lesiones benignas, esto basado en el diagnóstico histopatológico, considerandose lesiones benignas los teratomas maduros y cistadenomas; y lesiones malignas todos los demás tipos de tumores germinales, del estroma y epiteliales. Para este estudio no se realizará estadificación de las lesiones malignas (TNM) dado no hace parte de los objetivos del estudio identificar asociaciones al respecto.
Se realizan análisis descriptivos de todas las variables medidas entre los dos grupos, para las que sean de tipo continuo se calcula el valor mínimo, máximo, como medida estadística el promedio y mediana y su respectivo estadístico de dispersión la cual será establecida de acuerdo con la distribución de la variable; y para las variables categóricas se realizan tablas de frecuencia obteniendo valores absolutos y relativos. Se realizarán análisis bivariados según los resultados de las variables tipo de tratamiento se realizan los cruces correspondientes, para evidenciar la asociación se verifica mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado usando el nivel de significancia del 5% (p<0.05)
En cuanto al análisis multivariado, las variables con significancia estadística en el análisis bivariado usando las pruebas chi cuadrado o ANOVA según corresponda y aquellas con relevancia clínica se incluirán en un modelo de regresión logística teniendo como variable respuesta “tumor maligno”, para establecer la asociación multivariada entre estas, se realizará el diagnóstico del modelo de regresión para determinar los valores influyentes mediante el método de regresión paso a paso backward en donde se seleccionan las variables según su significancia estadística pues se evaluara la bondad de ajuste para seleccionar el modelo que explique mejor la asociación entre las variables y las masas malignas de ovario, finalmente el modelo final es expresara usando el Odds Ratio (OR), sus respectivos IC95% y el valor p obtenido en la regresión, los valores de referencia de cada variable incluida en el análisis será de acuerdo a las categorías de riesgo según se indique en la literatura.Oncológica quirúrgica pediátric
Supply Chain Management Model for the Ideal Oil of the Company Bacca Rodriguez S.A.S for Internationalization Purposes
No full textDigitalEn este trabajo de grado se llevará a cabo un modelo de supply chain management para el aceite ideal de la empresa Bacca Rodríguez S.A.S, en el cual se busca identificar las falencias que se presentan en la actual cadena de suministros, para posterior mente lograr más eficiencia, en la cual la empresa se verá beneficiada ya que esto le facilita su abastecimiento, distribución, obteniendo reducción de costos y logrando un mejor desarrollo a nivel nación, para poder llegar a la internacionalización, obteniendo la satisfacción en sus clientes potenciales que los conforma.In this degree work, a supply chain mangement model will be carried out for the ideal oil of the Company Bacca Rodriguez S.A.S which seeks to identify the shortcomings that occur in the current supply chain, to subsequently achieve more efficiency, in which the company will benefit since this facilitates its supply, distribution, obtaining cost reduction and achiving better development at the national level, in order to achieve internationalization, obtaining satisfaction in its potential clients that satisfy them.Introducción .................................................................................................................................. 21
Problema de Investigación ............................................................................................................ 22
Problematización........................................................................................................................... 22
Planteamiento del Problema ......................................................................................................... 22
Formulación del Problema ............................................................................................................ 23
Sistematización del Problema ....................................................................................................... 23
Objetivos ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Objetivo General ........................................................................................................................... 24
Objetivos Específicos.................................................................................................................... 24
Justificación .................................................................................................................................. 25
Marco Referencial ......................................................................................................................... 27
Antecedentes ................................................................................................................................. 27
Internacionales .............................................................................................................................. 27
Nacionales ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Locales .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Bases Teóricas .............................................................................................................................. 36
La Teoría de Recursos y Capacidades: Un Análisis Bibliométrico .............................................. 36
Teoría de Restricciones ................................................................................................................. 37
Holgura Financiera y Rendimiento Empresarial........................................................................... 37
Marco Conceptual ......................................................................................................................... 38
Cadena de Abastecimiento ............................................................................................................ 38
Demanda ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Oferta ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Optimización de Procesos ............................................................................................................. 38
Marco Legal .................................................................................................................................. 39
Ley N° 2181 del 31 de Diciembre de 2021 .................................................................................. 39
Ley N°12 de 2013 ......................................................................................................................... 39
Ley N° 590 de 2000(Julio 10) ....................................................................................................... 39
Marco Espacio – Temporal ........................................................................................................... 39
Hipótesis ....................................................................................................................................... 40
Diseños Metodológicos ................................................................................................................. 41
Tipo de Investigación .................................................................................................................... 41
Método de Investigación ............................................................................................................... 41
Tipo de Estudio ............................................................................................................................. 41
Instrumentos de Recolección de Información............................................................................... 42
Observaciones ............................................................................................................................... 42
Entrevista Estructurada ................................................................................................................. 42
Matriz DOFA ................................................................................................................................ 42
Población....................................................................................................................................... 43
Muestra ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Sistematización de Variables ........................................................................................................ 44
Tratamiento de la Información...................................................................................................... 44
Técnicas de Recopilación de Información .................................................................................... 44
Técnicas de Procesamiento de Información ................................................................................. 45
Presentación de la Información ..................................................................................................... 46
Marco Administrativo ................................................................................................................... 46
Personas que Participan en el Proceso .......................................................................................... 46
Cronograma de Trabajo ................................................................................................................ 47
Presupuesto de Trabajo ................................................................................................................. 47
Desarrollo de los Objetivos Específicos ....................................................................................... 48
Diagnosticar el Modelo Actual de la Cadena de Suministros de la Empresa Bacca Rodríguez S.A.S ...................................................... 48
Información de la Empresa ........................................................................................................... 48
Valores que Identifican a la Empresa ........................................................................................... 48
Video Instructivo .......................................................................................................................... 51
Variedad de Productos .................................................................................................................. 55
Puntos de Venta ............................................................................................................................ 56
Área de Acoplo ............................................................................................................................. 57
Personal de Venta ......................................................................................................................... 58
Codificación para Materias Primas y productos ........................................................................... 59
Identificar un Enfoque Estratégico para Optimizar la Cadena de Suministros del Aceite Ideal de la Empresa Bacca Rodríguez S.A.S .......................................... 60
Abastecimiento Estratégico .......................................................................................................... 62
Enfoque de Sostenibilidad ............................................................................................................ 62
Planta Física .................................................................................................................................. 64
Reducción de Costos ..................................................................................................................... 65
Análisis de Éxitos ......................................................................................................................... 66
Proponer el Plan de Mejoras para la Cadena de Suministros para el Aceite Ideal de la Empresa Bacca Rodríguez S.A.S ............................................ 69
Abastecimiento ............................................................................................................................. 70
Fabricación .................................................................................................................................... 71
Entrega y Logística ....................................................................................................................... 72
Devolución o Retorno ................................................................................................................... 72
Procesos Claves ............................................................................................................................ 73
Recepción de Materias Primas ...................................................................................................... 74
Pesaje ............................................................................................................................................ 74
Inspección de Cisterna .................................................................................................................. 74
Tomas de Muestras ....................................................................................................................... 74
Envió a Laboratorio ...................................................................................................................... 74
Revisión ........................................................................................................................................ 74
Aceptación o Rechazo................................................................................................................... 75
Pesaje Final ................................................................................................................................... 75
Recepción y Almacenamiento de Insumos ................................................................................... 75
Revisión ........................................................................................................................................ 75
Inspección y Control ..................................................................................................................... 75
Registrar ........................................................................................................................................ 75
Devolución .................................................................................................................................... 76
Almacenamiento ........................................................................................................................... 76
Almacenamiento Materia Prima ................................................................................................... 76
Preparación para Descargue .......................................................................................................... 76
Inspección de Taques de Almacenamiento ................................................................................... 76
Descargue ...................................................................................................................................... 76
Registro ......................................................................................................................................... 76
Fin del Descargue ......................................................................................................................... 77
Procedimiento de Envasado .......................................................................................................... 77
Definir la Necesidad ..................................................................................................................... 77
Preparación de Maquinas .............................................................................................................. 77
Preparación de los Insumos .......................................................................................................... 77
Control de Calidad Envases .......................................................................................................... 77
Control de Encajado ...................................................................................................................... 78
Estibado......................................................................................................................................... 78
Registro ......................................................................................................................................... 79
Entrega a Bodega .......................................................................................................................... 79
Distribución................................................................................................................................... 79
Capacitación de Personal .............................................................................................................. 79
Uso de Tecnologías ....................................................................................................................... 80
Plan de Internacionalización a Venezuela para Bacca Rodríguez S.A.S. ..................................... 82
¿Qué? ............................................................................................................................................ 83
¿Cómo? ......................................................................................................................................... 83
¿Cuánto? ....................................................................................................................................... 84
¿Cuándo?....................................................................................................................................... 84
¿Dónde? ........................................................................................................................................ 86
Conclusiones ................................................................................................................................. 87
Recomendaciones ......................................................................................................................... 89
Referencias Bibliográficas ............................................................................................................ 91PregradoProfesional en Comercio Exterio
Danielatettix caudatus Cadena-Castañeda & Gonzalez & Rodríguez & Rodríguez 2021, n. comb.
No full textDanielatettix caudatus (Saussure, 1861) n. comb. (Figures 6‒8) Type specimens. Lectotype. Male. Guy. (“ Guyana ”) “103” (here designated). Paralectotypes. Two females. Cayenne (here designated). For the original description of D. caudatus n. comb. the number of male and female syntypes used by Saussure (1861) is not specified. However, Hollier (2013) mentions that in the Geneva collection (MHNG), a male and two females are deposited that could be considered syntypes. Therefore, the male from Guyana is proposed as a lectotype and the two Cayenne females as paralectotypes; these three specimens are adjusted in the brief description of the species. Color variation. The color variations in this species are not regional; there are individuals with variation in the same locality, found in grayish tones, ranging from yellow to dark brown. 1) They are usually light or dark greyish, with absent or present post-humeral spots at different stages of development, from a small triangle on each side to cover almost the entire area of the pronotal disc at the level of the meso- and metathorax (Fig. 6B). 2) Another color is the predominant yellow throughout the body, allowing them to go unnoticed in the sand. Also, as in the previous case, post-humeral spots may lack or present in different development (Fig.7A). 3) Another color variation is a dark brown color, uniform in most of the body, with one or more grayish spots on the extremities of the body (Fig. 7B). 4) Related to the line of individuals with dark tones, greenish-brown specimens were studied with a prominent whitish band that goes from the humeral notch and covers the pronotal disc at the level of the mesothorax (Fig. 7C). 5) The last color variation observed is greenish-brown or grayish-brown, with a “Y” shaped stripe that runs through each stripe from the level of the mesothorax, to converge at the level of the metathorax and extend to the apex of the pronotal disc; post-humeral spots may or may not be observed under the stripe (Fig. 7D). The five previously described color forms were collected in a locality in the Colombian Amazon, in the department of Caqueta. However, these forms have been seen through INaturalist records in other locations in South America. Specimen examined. 1 male. Colombia, Guaviare, San José del Guaviare, Vda. Playa Guio, Puerto Amor Reserve, 2°34’13.5’’N, 72°38’45’’W. 154 m. 9 march 2018. C. Castellanos. 4 males and 1 female. Colombia, Caqueta, Florencia, Vda. La viciosa, CIMAZ, 1°30’33’’N, 75°40’29’’W. 233m. 22 september 2017. D. Mayorga (CAUD). Measurements (in mm) male/female. CFP: 11-15 / 14-16. PL: 10-14 / 12-15. PLB: 1-1.3 / 1-1.5. FF: 1-1.5 / 1.2-1.5. FL: 1.5-2 / 1.5-2.2. MFL: 2-2.5 / 2.4-3. MTL: 2.4-2.8 / 3-3.5. HL: 4.5-6.5 / 5-6.5. HW: 1.5 / 1.5-1.8. HL: 4.8-7 / 5-7.2. Comments: This species is widely distributed in South America, with records to the north of the subcontinent such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana, to the south in Paraguay and Argentina, showing a distributional gap (Map 1). Reviewing specimens of other Neotropical Tetrigidae species, we find that the following species are considered synonymous under D. caudatus n. comb.: Paratettix attenuata (Walker, 1871) n. syn. (Santarem, Para, Brazil), P. hastata (Walker, 1871) n. syn. (Guyana, Demerara) and P. ignobilis (Walker, 1871) n. syn. (Unknown locality). These new synonyms fit in the morphological characteristics described for the genus and the only known species, only with chromatic variations that were previously mentioned in this contribution. Furthermore, the new synonyms partially fill the distributional gap that exists so far (Map 1). P. attenuata n. syn. in its original description, it is mentioned that the type specimen is a female. When reviewing the current specimen deposited in London (BMNH), it is a male, which fits the original description provided by Walker (1871). The author may have been confused, and wrote in his description that it was a female when it is a male. However, we make the synonymy effective, since the only specimen fits the characteristics of D. caudatus n. comb. As for P. hastata n. syn. and P. ignobilis n. syn., are synonymised under D. caudatus n. comb., since, the type specimens have the same structure of the frontal costa, curvature of the anterior region of the pronotal disc, shape of the fore and middle femora, in addition to the shape and location of the ocelli and eyes, which differentiates Danielatettix n. gen., from other similar genera such as Stenodorsus and that distinguishes D. caudatus n. comb. (see the comparison section). The lectotype and paralectotype specimens of D. caudatus n. comb. from Guyana and French Guyana, in addition to a female from Paraguay (deposited in Vienna (NMW)) (see photos in the Orthoptera Species File), fit the color form 3. P. attenuata n. syn., P. hastata n. syn. and P. ignobilis n. syn. they belong to the color form 1, they maintain their coloring pattern, although the intensity of the color varies.Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Gonzalez, Gloria Raquel Dávila, Rodríguez, Martha Carolina Vásquez & Rodríguez, Diana Marcela Trujillo, 2021, The status of Micronotus Hancock, 1902 species (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 129-144 in Zootaxa 5082 (2) on pages 138-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/578533
Análisis y propuesta de mejoramiento de la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro de la empresa Ferretriplex
No full textLas pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) han pasado de tener un papel pasivo a convertirse en actores dominantes en las cadenas de suministro (CS). Sin embargo, los grandes marcos de referencia para la gestión de estas cadenas no están adaptados a los recursos limitados de estas organizaciones. Esta investigación presenta una metodología simplificada para implementar el marco de Gestión de la Cadena en una PYME llamada Ferretriplex, ubicada en la ciudad de Ibagué. Tras analizar qué procesos del marco abordar, se decidió intervenir en dos de los ocho procesos: la gestión del servicio al cliente y el cumplimiento de las órdenes de pedido. Además, las métricas propuestas se complementaron con elementos del modelo SCOR. La intervención reveló varias problemáticas, siendo la falta de planeación estratégica y operativa la causa principal en este tipo de empresas. Finalmente, se estableció un plan de acción utilizando la metodología DMAIC para facilitar la implementación de los cambios con una filosofía de mejora continua.Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have shifted from having a passive role to becoming dominant players in supply chains (SCs). However, the large reference frameworks for managing these chains are not adapted to the limited resources of these organizations. This research introduces a simplified methodology for implementing the Chain Management framework in an SME named Ferretriplex, located in the city of Ibagué. After analyzing which processes to address within the framework, it was decided to intervene in two out of the eight processes: customer service management and order fulfillment. Additionally, the proposed metrics were complemented with elements from the SCOR model. The intervention uncovered several issues, with the lack of strategic and operational planning being the main cause in these types of companies. Finally, an action plan was established using the DMAIC methodology to facilitate the implementation of changes with a philosophy of continuous improvement.PregradoIngeniero IndustrialContenido
Introducción.....1
Capítulo 1: Aspectos generales.....3
1.1 Planteamiento del problema y justificación.....3
1.2 Objetivos.....5
1.2.1 Objetivo General.....5
1.2.2 Objetivo Específicos.....5
1.3 Marco Teórico.....5
1.4 Referentes Empíricos.....14
1.5 Marco referencial.....15
1.6 Marco Geográfico.....17
1.7 Plan de análisis.....18
Capítulo 2: Identificación y caracterización de los procesos claves de negocio críticos en la gestión de la cadena de suministro de la Empresa.....22
2.1 Análisis Descriptivo.....22
2.1.1 Primera intervención.....22
2.1.2 Entrevistas y Encuestas.....23
2.1.3 Historia de la empresa.....27
2.1.4 Imagen corporativa.....27
2.1.5 Misión y visión.....29
2.2 Caracterización genérica de los componentes de gestión.....29
2.2.1 Planificación.....29
2.2.3 Estructura de flujo de trabajo.....30
2.2.5 Estructura de la comunicación.....31
2.2.6 Gestión del conocimiento.....31
2.2.7 Métodos de gestión.....32
2.2.8 Poder y liderazgo.....32
2.2.9 Riesgos y recompensas.....32
2.2.11 Confianza y compromiso.....33
2.3 Caracterización de la Cadena de Suministro de Ferretriplex.....34
2.3.1 Representación gráfica e identificación de los miembros de la cadena de suministro de Ferretriplex.....34
2.3.2 Dimensiones estructurales.....35
2.3.3 Enlaces entre los miembros de la Cadena de Suministro.....35
2.4 Identificación los procesos claves de negocio críticos en la gestión de la cadena de suministro de la Empresa.....36
Capítulo 3: Caracterización los procesos claves de negocio críticos en la gestión de la cadena de suministro de la Empresa.....37
3.1 Mapeo de procesos de Gestión del servicio al cliente y cumplimiento de la orden.....37
3.1.1 Caracterización del proceso de Gestión del servicio al cliente.....38
3.1.2 Caracterización del proceso de cumplimiento de la orden.....38
3.1.3 Mapeo de flujo de Ferretriplex.....39
3.2 Implementación del marco de la GCS en la Gestión del servicio al cliente.....39
3.2.1 Conformación del Equipo de Implementación.....39
3.2.2 Proceso Estratégico.....41
3.2.3 Proceso operativo.....44
3.3 Implementación del marco de la GCS en el cumplimiento de la orden.....46
3.3.1 Conformación del Equipo de Implementación.....46
3.3.2 Proceso Estratégico.....46
3.3.3 Proceso operativo.....51
3.4 Complementación con otras Metodologías.....56
3.4.1 Supply Chain Operation Reference Model (SCOR).....57
Capítulo 4: Identificación y plan de implementación de las estrategias de mejora dentro de los procesos claves de negocio identificados.....59
4.1 Aplicación de la metodología DMAMC.....59
4.2 Cierre de investigación.....60
Capítulo 5: Conclusiones y recomendaciones.....61
5.1 Conclusiones.....61
5.2 Aportes del estudio.....63
5.3 Limitaciones de la investigación.....64
5.4 Recomendaciones.....65
Bibliografía.....67
Anexos.....7
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