1,720,957 research outputs found
Manejo de Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke em Sistemas Agroflorestais na etnia Sateré-Mawé, Terra Indígena Andirá-Marau
No full textPaullinia cupana var. sorbilis (guaraná) is an important economic and cultural plant which,
besides the ecologic management practices, developed the autonomy over products
commercialization through fair-trade. Through interviews and visits to guaraná crops in Andirá-Marau indigenous land, actually practices used in Sateré-Mawé guaraná cropping systems, as well as their productive chain, were characterized. The cropping systems developed by Sateré-Mawé can be characterized which a family production, handmade, biodiverse, adding exclusive characteristics to physicochemical quality of seeds and a differentiated marked niche. The traditional guaraná SAF ́s Sateré-Mawé was found 434 plants of shrubby, tree, palm and 8 herbs totalizing 142 especies and 90 botanic family. The shannon-weaver index H ́1,99 and the pielou J ́0,33. The dominance varie between 0,42 a 35,69 m2/ha, whit mean 8,91. The mean DAP and height was 22,72 e 13,97 respectively. 130 are native species and 12 non native. The most frequent use of the plants it ́s like food (58), firewood (17), construcion (17) and medicine (13). The most frequent species were bacaba (5,28%), morototó (3,87), inajá (3,52%), murici (3,17%) and castanha (2,82%). The soils are Sandy, acid, poor and the plantations has low organic matter.Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (guaraná) é uma planta de importância econômica e cultural para o povo Sateré-Mawé, que alcançou um nicho de mercado diferenciado devido as práticas agroecológicas de manejo vinculadas ao etnodesenvolvimento. Utilizando de entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas aos plantios de guaraná na Terra Indígena (T.I) Andirá-Marau foram caracterizadas as práticas de manejo adotadas no sistema de cultivo de guaraná Sateré-Mawé, bem como sua cadeia produtiva. O sistema de cultivo e beneficiamento desenvolvido pelos Sateré pode ser caracterizado como familiar, artesanal e diversificado, agregando características exclusivas à qualidade físico-química das sementes. Nos sistemas agroflorestais (SAF ́s) tradicionais de guaraná Sateré-Mawé foram encontradas 434 plantas entre arbustivo-arbóreas e palmeiras e 8 herbáceas, totalizando 142 espécies e 90 famílias botânicas. O índice e diversidade de shannon-weaver H ́1,99 e índice de equabilidade de Pielou J ́0,33. A dominância variou de 0,42 a 35,69m2/ha, com uma média de 8,91. O DAP médio das espécies arbustivas, arbóreas e palmeiras foi de 22,72 cm e a altura média de 13,97m. Das espécies inventariadas 130 são nativas e 12 exóticas. O
uso mais frequente dado às plantas é como alimento (58), seguido de lenha (17), construção (17) e medicinal (13). As espécies mais frequentes foram bacaba (5,28%), morototó (3,87), inajá (3,52%), murici (3,17%) e castanha (2,82%). Os solos são em sua maioria arenosos, ácidos e pobres em nutrientes. Com plantios apresentando baixo teor de matéria orgânica em relação à área de floresta
Analisys of PROX1 overexpression effects in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
No full textOs genes homeobox são responsáveis por codificar proteínas nucleares que agem como fatores de transcrição durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, regulando proliferação e diferenciação celular. A expressão alterada do gene homeobox PROX1 já foi identificado em diferentes neoplasias, incluindo mama, esôfago, fígado, sistema biliar, linfomas e cavidade bucal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal nos mecanismos de proliferação e diferenciação celular, apoptose e perfil global de expressão gênica. Após a superexpressão deste gene na linhagem celular SCC-9, foi realizada a análise de proliferação por meio dos ensaios de curva de proliferação celular, citometria de fluxo, índice de incorporação de BrdU ao DNA e expressão de Ki67. A diferenciação celular foi verificada por meio de reações imunocitoquímicas para as citoqueratinas 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 e 19 e a apoptose foi avaliada por meio de células positivas para anexina-V e iodeto de propídeo. O ensaio de microarray foi realizado para avaliação do perfil global de expressão gênica na linhagem celular SCC9 com superexpressão do gene PROX1. Observou-se que a superexpressão do gene PROX1 promove redução da proliferação celular, bem como reduz a expressão das citoqueratinas 1, 13, 18 e 19. Não houve alteração na taxa de apoptose entre as células com superexpressão do gene PROX1 e controles. Os resultados do microarray revelaram a expressão diferencial significante de genes envolvidos com os processos de desenvolvimento, adesão e invasão celular. Desta maneira, estes resultados são fortemente sugestivos de que o gene PROX1 inibe a proliferação celular e contribui para a diferenciação do carcinoma epidermóide bucal.Homeobox genes encode transcription factors with an important role during normal development by controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation. Altered expression of PROX1 homeobox gene is related to many cancers, including those of the breast, esophagus, liver, billiary system and lymphomas. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of PROX1 overexpression, in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, on cellular proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis as well as gene expression prolfile. After overexpression of PROX1 gene in SCC9 cell line, proliferation was assessed by proliferation curve, flow citometry, BrdU incorporation to DNA and Ki67 expression. Cell differentiation was verified by immunocytochemistry to cytokeratins 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 19 and apoptosis was measured by annexin V positive cells. Gene expression profile was analyzed by microarray in PROX1-overexpressing cells and control. PROX1-overexpressing cells showed a statistically significant decrease in proliferation as well cytokeratin 1, 13, 18 and 19 expression. No significant differences from controls and PROX1- overexpressing cells were observed in apoptosis. Microarray analyses showed differential expression of genes related to development, cellular adhesion an invasion. Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of PROX1 inhibit cell proliferation and contributes to differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mechanisms involved in cancer stem cell resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
No full textDespite scientific advances in the Oncology field, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant contributor to the unpredictability of the clinical response and failure in cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive and maintain tumorigenesis and metastasis, leading to poor prognosis in different types of cancer. CSCs exhibit a high level of plasticity, quickly adapting to the tumor microenvironment changes, and are intrinsically resistant to current chemo and radiotherapies. The mechanisms of CSC-mediated therapy resistance are not fully understood. However, they include different strategies used by CSCs to overcome challenges imposed by treatment, such as activation of DNA repair system, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, acquisition of quiescent state and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increased drug efflux capacity, hypoxic environment, protection by the CSC niche, overexpression of stemness related genes, and immune surveillance. Complete elimination of CSCs seems to be the main target for achieving tumor control and improving overall survival for cancer patients. This review will focus on the multi-factorial mechanisms by which CSCs are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in HNSCC, supporting the use of possible strategies to overcome therapy failure
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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