2,475 research outputs found
Local Author Book Talk: Meet D.M. Pulley author of The Dead Key
No full textLocal Author D.M. Pulley, author of The Dead Key.
2014 Winner — Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award — Grand Prize and Mystery & Thriller Fiction Winner. It’s 1998, and for years the old First Bank of Cleveland has sat abandoned, perfectly preserved, its secrets only speculated on by the outside world.--Source Amazon.com
These books and all Friends of the Library 2021/2022 book selections are on sale at Viking Outfitters, located in the CSU Student Center
Canceled: Local Author Book Talk: Meet D.M. Pulley author of The Dead Key
No full textThis event has been canceled due to the Coronavirus.
Meet Local Author D.M. Pulley, author of The Dead Key.
2014 Winner — Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award — Grand Prize and Mystery & Thriller Fiction Winner. It’s 1998, and for years the old First Bank of Cleveland has sat abandoned, perfectly preserved, its secrets only speculated on by the outside world.--Source Amazon.com
The books titled The Dead Key, No one’s Home, Unclaimed Victim, and The Buried Book will be available for sale by Viking Outfitters at the event. These books and all Friends of the Library 2019/2020 book selections are on sale at Viking Outfitters, located in the CSU Student Center
A systematic review of surgical biopsy for LCIS found at core needle biopsy - Do we have the answer yet?
No full textAbstract not availableE.S. Buckley, F. Webster, J.E. Hiller, D.M. Roder, G. Farshi
Do the benefits of screening mammography outweigh the harms of overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment?
No full textYes. Public health adviser David Roder and Cancer Council Australia CEO Ian Olver believe the reduction in breast cancer mortality in Australia reflects both treatment and screening effects
Clinical and pathological factors predictive of lymph node status in women with screen-detected breast cancer
No full textCopyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.Two thousand one hundred and thirty five asymptomatic invasive breast cancers detected through screening mammography were analysed to identify predictors of lymph node involvement. Multivariable analysis indicated that predictors included larger tumour diameter, an infiltrating ductal or lobular histological type, multifocal disease, a palpable lesion, and a younger age at diagnosis. An association also was found between nodal involvement and the presence of an extensive in situ component (EIC). Grade was associated with nodal involvement as a univariate predictor. It would be more accurate for screening assessment clinics to use models for predicting nodal status that were customised to their own experience rather than generic models developed in other settings that related predominantly to symptomatic cancer. These models could assist clinical decision-making on axillary node dissection and give guidance to pathologists on numbers of tissue sections to examine.P.G. Gill, C.G. Luke and D.M. Roderhttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/623010/description#descriptio
Gender differences in self-reported late effects, quality of life and satisfaction with clinic in survivors of lymphoma
No full textObjectives: gender differences in perceived vulnerability to late effects and views about follow-up among cancer survivors have received little attention. As lymphoma affects both genders similarly, we compared the consequences of cancer (late effects, perceived vulnerability and quality of life (health-related quality of life (HRQoL)), and satisfaction with clinic visits between genders.Methods: a cohort of 115 younger adults (18–45 years, >5 years disease-free survival), who had been treated for lymphoma participated. Questionnaires (n = 91) were completed before and after (n = 62) routine consultant-led appointments. Survivors (n = 24) without appointments were recruited by post. Questionnaires included HRQoL, late effects, perceived vulnerability, issues survivors wanted to discuss and reported discussing in clinic, time waiting in clinic and consultation satisfaction.Results: there were no gender differences in number of self-reported late effects or perceived vulnerability. Men with more late effects reported worse psychological HRQoL (r = 0.50, p<0.001). While men wanted to discuss more topics than they did, women were able to discuss the topics they wanted (ANOVA, p = 0.01). Multiple regression analyses showed a shorter wait in clinic (r = ?0.46, p = 0.009) and discussing more topics (r = 0.34, p = 0.06) explained 30.6% of the variance in consultation satisfaction for men.Conclusions: issues surrounding follow-up provision are increasingly important given the length of survival in young adults following treatment for lymphoma. Men may experience poor psychological well-being due to distress about unanswered concerns. Consideration of their concerns should be prioritised, given that satisfaction and ultimately continued attendance at clinic and HRQoL may be dependent on the extent to which follow-up meets survivors' expectation
Na-ca Exchange And Ca Fluxes During Contraction And Relaxation In Mammalian Ventricular Muscle
No full textThere are four cellular Ca transport systems which compete to remove Ca from the myoplasm in mammalian ventricular myocytes. These are 1) the SR Ca-ATPase, 2) the sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchange, 3) the sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase and 4) the mitochondrial Ca uniporter. Using multiple experimental approaches we have evaluated the dynamic interaction of these systems during the normal cardiac contraction-relaxation cycle. The SR Ca-ATPase and Na-Ca exchange are clearly the most important, quantitatively; however, the relative roles vary in a species-dependent manner. In particular, the SR is much more strongly dominant in rat ventricular myocytes, where ~ 92% of Ca removal is via SR Ca-ATPase and only 7% via Na-Ca exchange during a twitch. In other species (rabbit, ferret, cat, and guinea pig) the balance is more in the range of 70% SR Ca-ATPase and 25-30% Na-Ca exchange. Ferret ventricular myocytes also exhibit an unusually strong sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase. During the steady state the same amount of Ca must leave the cell as enters over a cardiac cycle. This implies that 25-30% of the Ca required to activate contraction must enter the cell, and experiments demonstrate that this amount of Ca may be supplied by the L-type Ca current.779430442Bers, D.M., (1991) Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force, pp. 1-258. , (Single author monograph.) Kluwer Academic Press. Dordrecht, NetherlandsSutko, J.L., Willerson, J.T., Ryanodine alteration of the contractile state of rat ventricular myocardium. Comparison with dog, cat and rabbit ventricular tissues (1980) Circ. Res., 46, pp. 332-343Bers, D.M., Ca influx and SR Ca release in cardiac muscle activation during postrest recovery (1985) Am. J. Physiol., 248, pp. H366-H381Bers, D.M., Mechanisms contributing to the cardiac inotropic effect of Na-pump inhibition and reduction of extracellular Na (1987) J. Gen. Physiol., 90, pp. 479-504Bers, D.M., Christensen, D.M., Nguyen, T.X., Can Ca entry via Na-Ca exchange directly activate cardiac muscle contraction? (1988) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 20, pp. 405-414Beuckelmann, D.J., Wier, W.G., Mechanism of release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum of guinea pig cardiac cells (1988) J. Physiol., 405, pp. 233-255Fabiato, A., Time and calcium dependence of activation and inactivation of calcium-induced release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a skinned canine cardiac Purkinje cell (1985) J. Gen. Physiol., 85, pp. 247-290Leblanc, N., Hume, J.R., Sodium current-induced release of calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (1990) Science, 248, pp. 372-376Levi, A.J., Spitzer, K.W., Kohmoto, O., Bridge, J.H.B., Depolarization-induced Ca entry via Na-Ca exchange triggers SR release in guinea pig cardiac myocytes (1994) Am. J. Physiol., 266, pp. H1422-H1433Kohmoto, O., Levi, A.J., Bridge, J.H.B., Relation between reverse sodium-calcium exchange and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in guinea pig ventricular cells (1994) Circ. Res., 74, pp. 550-554Bassani, R.A., Bassani, J.W.M., Bers, D.M., Mitochondrial and sarcolemmal Ca transport can reduce [Ca]i during caffeine contractures in rabbit cardiac myocytes (1992) J. Physiol., 453, pp. 591-608Bassani, J.W.M., Bassani, R.A., Bers, D.M., Relaxation in rabbit and rat cardiac cells: Species-dependent differences in cellular mechanisms (1994) J. Physiol., 476, pp. 279-293Bassani, R.A., Bassani, J.W.M., Bers, D.M., Relaxation in ferret ventricular myocytes: Unusual interplay among calcium transport systems (1994) J. Physiol., 476, pp. 295-308Bers, D.M., Bridge, J.H.B., Relaxation of rabbit ventricular muscle by Na-Ca exchange and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-pump: Ryanodine and voltage sensitivity (1989) Circ. Res., 65, pp. 334-342Bridge, J.H.B., Relationships between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transarcolemmal Ca transport revealed by rapidly cooling rabbit ventricular muscle (1986) J. Gen. Physiol., 88, pp. 437-473Bers, D.M., Bridge, J.H.B., Spitzer, K.W., Intracellular Ca transients during rapid cooling contractures in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes (1989) J. Physiol., 417, pp. 537-553Bers, D.M., Lederer, W.J., Berlin, J.R., Intracellular Ca transients in rat cardiac myocytes: Role of Na/Ca exchange in excitation-contraction coupling (1990) Am. J. Physiol., 258, pp. C944-C954Hryshko, L.V., Stiffel, V.M., Bers, D.M., Rapid cooling contractures as an index of SR Ca content in rabbit ventricular myocyte (1989) Am. J. Physiol., 257, pp. H1369-H1377Hove-Madsen, L., Bers, D.M., SR Ca uptake and thapsigargin sensitivity in permeabilized rabbit and rat ventricular myocytes (1993) Cir. Res., 73, pp. 820-828Bassani, J.W.M., Bassani, R.A., Bers, D.M., Twitch-dependent SR Ca accumulation and release in rabbit ventricular myocytes (1993) Am. J. Physiol., 265, pp. C533-C540Bassani, R.A., Bers, D.M., Rate of diastolic Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of intact rabbit and rat ventricular myocytes (1995) Biophys. J., 68, pp. 2015-2022Bassani, J.W.M., Yuan, W., Bers, D.M., Fractional SR Ca release is altered by trigger Ca and SR Ca content in cardiac myocytes (1995) Am. J. Physiol., 268, pp. 1313-1319Gatto, C., Milanick, M.A., Inhibition of the red blood cell calcium pump by eosin and other fluorescein analogues (1993) Am. J. Physiol., 264, pp. C1577-C1586Gatto, C., Hale, C.C., Milanick, M.A., Eosin, a potent inhibitor of the plasma membrane Ca pump, does not inhibit the cardiac Na-Ca exchanger (1995) Biochemistry, 34, pp. 965-972Bassani, R.A., Bassani, J.W.M., Bers, D.M., Relaxation in ferret ventricular myocytes: Role of the sarcolemmal Ca ATPase (1995) Pflüg. Arch., 430, pp. 573-579Hove-Madsen, L., Bers, D.M., Passive Ca buffering and SR Ca uptake in permeabilized rabbit ventricular myocytes (1993) Am. J. Physiol., 264, pp. C677-C686Negretti, N., O'Neill, S.C., Eisner, D.A., The relative contributions of different intracellular and sarcolemmal systems to relaxation in rat ventricular myocytes (1993) Cardiovasc. Res., 27, pp. 1826-1830Crespo, L.M., Grantham, C.J., Cannell, M.B., Kinetics, stoichiometry and role of the Na-Ca exchange mechanism in isolated cardiac myocytes (1990) Nature, 345, pp. 618-621Puglisi, J.L., Bassani, R.A., Bassani, J.W.M., Amin, J.N., Bers, D.M., Temperature and the relative contributions of Ca transport systems in cardiac myocyte relaxation (1996) Am. J. Physiol., , In pressDelbridge, L.M., Bassani, J.W.M., Bers, D.M., Steady-state twitch Ca fluxes and cytosolic Ca buffering in rabbit ventricular myocytes (1996) Am. J. Physiol., 39, pp. C192-C199Fabiato, A., Calcium-induced release of calcium from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (1983) Am. J. Physiol., 245, pp. C1-C1
Detection by screening mammography is a powerful independent predictor of survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer
No full textCopyright © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Four hundred and sixteen invasive breast cancers, detected initially by mammography, were compared with 929 presenting symptomatically, all treated at a South Australian teaching hospital. Predictable differences included lower stages and grades, less vascular invasion and proliferative activity, and more hormone-receptor expression among the mammographically detected. Unpredicted differences included significantly higher survivals for mammographically detected cases throughout the 9 year follow-up period after adjusting for stage and the Nottingham Prognostic Index. In a multivariable analysis, differences in stage, grade, and hormone receptor expression accounted for only about half the survival advantage of mammographically detected tumours. Accounting for additional person and tumour characteristics had only a marginal effect on this result. This suggests that detection by mammography has independent favourable prognostic significance beyond that explained by conventional indicators. If confirmed, this finding would have important implications for the prognostic advice given to women and may merit further investigation into its underlying biological mechanisms.P.G. Gill, G. Farshid, C.G. Luke and D.M. Roderhttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/623010/description#descriptio
Asindulum montanum Roder 1887
No full text<i>Asindulum montanum</i> Röder, 1887: 116. <p>Figs. 3–4, 38–50, 84</p> <p> <b>Types</b>. Syntypes, male & female, (MLUH), not examined: USA: NEW HAMPSHIRE, “ White Mountains (America borealis).”</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. CANADA: ALBERTA: McMurray, 10.VIII.1953, G.E. Ball, 1m (CNCI); BRITISH COLUMBIA: Liard Hot Springs, 23.VII.1987, M. Polak, 1m (CNCI); MANITOBA: Atikameg Lk, 14.VIII.1949, J.B. Wallis, 1f (CNCI); Teulon, 24.VII.1922, A.J. Hunter, 1m (CNCI); P.N. Vroom, Aweme, 12.VIII., 920, 1m (CNCI); NEW BRUNSWICK: Kouchibouguac N. P., D.B. Lyons, 9.VIII. 1978, 4m, 10.VIII. 1978, 2m 1f, 11.IX.1978, 1f (all CNCI); NOVA SCOTIA: Mount Uniacke, 5.VIII.1958, J. R. Vockeroth, 1f (CNCI); ONTARIO: (Renfrew) 1 km N of Griffith, at golden rod flowers in shade, 9.viii.1994, A.E. Stubbs, 1m (PCC); (Hastings) 4 km W of Maynooth, at golden rod flowers, 8.viii.1994, A.E. Stubbs, 1f (PCC); Ogoki, 2.VIII.1952, J.B. Wallis, 1f (CNCI); One Sided Lake, 1 Aug. 1960, S.M. Clark, 1f (CNCI); Algonquin Pk., 1f (CNCI); Carleton Place, 24.VII.1959, C.H. Mann, Idema Illustration, 1m (CNCI); Sudbury, 1m 1f (CNCI); SASKATCHEWAN: Wenoncha [Moose Mtn. Prov. Pk., 49° 49′ 59″ N, 102° 17′ 7″ W], 12.VIII.1925, K.M. King, 1f (CNCI); QUEBEC: King Mtn., Old Chelsea, 1000’, 5.VIII.1969, Malaise trap, D.D. Munroe, 5m 1f (CNCI); Masham Twp, Gatineau Co., 2.VIII.1974, D.M. Wood, 6m 3f (1m 1f SFC, 5m 2f CNCI); Duncan Lake, nr. Rupert, J.F. McAlpine, 1.VIII. 1969, 1m, 13.VIII. 1969, 2m, 2. V. 1971, 3m2f, 14.VIII. 1971, 5m, 19.VIII. 1971, 5m, 28.VIII. 1971, 3m 1f, 1.IX. 1971, 1m (all CNCI); Ste. Catherine, Cté Portneuf, 13–15.VIII.1971, D.M. Wood, 1m (CNCI); 4 mi. N. Eardley, D.M. Wood, 20.VIII.1971, 1f, 25.VIII. 1971, 1m 1f (all CNCI); Lac Mercier, 9.VIII.1937, G.S. Walley, 1m (CNCI); Parke Reserve, Kam. Co., 950’, 26 Aug. 1957, W. R. M. Mason, 1m (CNCI); Lac Brule, P.Q., 7.VIII.1945, O. Peck, 2m 1f (CNCI); Cascapedia, VIII.7.1954, J.E.H. Martin, 1f (CNCI); Old Chelsea, King Mt., 13.VIII.1969, B. V. Peterson, 1m (CNCI); Ste. Agathe des M, G.S. Walley, 5.VIII.1937, 1f, 7.VIII. 1957, 1m (all CNCI); Forestville, 11.VIII.1950, J. R. McGillis, 1f (CNCI); Laniel, H.S. Fleming, 1931, 10 Aug., 2m 2f, 15 Aug. 1m, 19 Aug., 1m 1f (all CNCI); Ft. Coulonge, 20.VII.1919, J.I. Beaulne, 1f (CNCI); USA: MAINE: York Co., West Lebanon, VII.31–VIII.6.1990, D.W. Barry, Malaise, 1m (DENH); MICHIGAN: Emmet Co., vii.7.1948, W. Porter, “compared with male lectotype of <i>Asindulum montanum</i> v. Röder, considered conspecific, Jean Laffoon 1952,” 1f (ISUI); MINNESOTA: Hubbard Co., “ Kabekena ” [probably Kabekona] City, Sec 32, T 143 N, R 33 W, vii.24.65, D.L. Deonier, 1f (ISUI); NEW HAMPSHIRE: White Mountains National Forest, 4 mi E of Benton, 1–4.viii.1980, A.E. Stubbs, 1f (PCC); White Mountains National Forest, 2 mi N of Stinson Lake, 9.viii.1980, A.E. Stubbs, 1m (PCC); Berlin, 26.VII.1930, C.A. Frost, 1f (CNCI); Carr Co., 2 mi. NW Wonalancet, D.S. Chandler, Malaise trap, VII.27–VIII.1.1984, 1m (DENH), VIII.2–10.1984, 2m 2f, (1m 1f DENH, 1m 1f SFC); Carr Co., The Bowl, 2.5 mi. NW Wonalancet, D.S. Chandler, Malaise trap, VII.27–VIII.1.1984, 2m, VIII.17–22.1984, 1m (all DENH); Coos Co., 7 mi. S. Errol, VIII.16.1985, J.F. Burger & W.J. Morse, 2m (DENH); Coos Co., Norton Pool, 2 mi. E. East Inlet, VIII.14.1984, Chandler & Burger, 5m 4f (DENH); Grafton Co., Benton, VIII.4.1984, W.J. Morse, 1f (DENH); Straf Co., 4 mi. W. Durham, R. M. Reeves, Malaise trap, VII.29–VIII.1.1982, 2m, VIII.2–5.1982, 3m, VIII.13–15.1982, 1m, VIII.23–26.1982, 1m, (all DENH); Straf Co., Spruce Hole, 3 mi. SW Durham, D. Chandler, Malaise, VII.24–VIII.6.1987, 1f, VIII.7– 20.1987, 2m, (all DENH); Straf Co., 1 mi. SW Durham, water tower, VII.24.1991, W.J. Morse, 1m (DENH); NEW MEXICO: F.M. Hull, Frank M. Hull Collection, C.N.C. 1973, 1m (CNCI); NORTH CAROLINA: Haywood Co., Pisgah Nat. Forest, Chestnut Bald, 5900’, 2.VIII1957, J.G. Chillcott, 1m (CNCI); Clingman’s Dome, Grt. Sm. Mt. Nat. Park, 6.VIII.1957, C.J. Durden, 6m (CNCI); Mt. Mitchell, 6800’, 12.VIII.1957, J.G. Chillcott, 3m (CNCI); Gr. Sm. Mt. Nat. Park Tenn., Clingman’s Dome, 6600’, 22.VIII.1957, J.G. Chillcott, 3m (CNCI); TENNESSEE: Gr. Sm. Mt. Nat. Park, Indian Gap to Clingman’s Dome, 5200–6600’, 6.VIII.1957, J.G. Chillcott, 6m (CNCI); Indian Gap, 23.VII.1957, W. R. Richards, 1m (CNCI).</p> <p> <b>Redescription</b>. Male. Body length ca. 6.5–9.0 mm (n = 2). Mouthparts as Figs. 3–4; long, about length of (or reaching just beyond) fore coxa. Thorax cream with three dark brown to black stripes on mesonotum (lateral stripes truncated anteriorly) that are sometimes entirely fused into a dark central area. Lateral portions of thorax with dark brown markings to mostly brown. Anterior spiracle without posterior setae. Legs cream, darkening to brown distally. Hind tibial trichia irregularly arranged. Wing 5.5–7.0 mm (mean = 6.6 mm, n = 10), often slightly brown fumose distally. CuP reaching wing margin. Abdomen with first three segments dark brown, fourth segment bright cream to orangish and usually brightest of all segments, remainder of segments orangish, brownish-orange, or rarely brown (Fig. 38). Male terminalia as Figs. 39–46. Male tergite 9 posteriorly medially emarginate, posterolateral corners developed into a pair of narrow, laterally-compressed, dorsally-hooked lobes. Ventrally, gonocoxites deeply and broadly medially emarginate with only a narrow strap connecting the two halves posteriorly (sometimes strap even narrowly divided medially). Lateral lobes of gonocoxites mitten-like, broadly rounded apically, dorsal edge with a short, dorsally-projecting, thumb-like lobe (dorsal process) dorsomedially. Gonostylus talon-like, apically-hooked and acute, with some strong subapical setae. Sperm pump (possibly fused with parameres?) complex, large and anteriorly elongated, with apodemes reaching into abdominal segments 6–5; notable are two pairs of very long, more laterally-positioned apodemes (one pair more ventral, one pair more dorsal) and an ejaculatory apodeme which is very strongly laterally compressed. The posterior apex of the sperm pump includes a pair of laterally flattened lobes that are dorsally connected, forming a U-shaped cradle.</p> <p>Female. As male except as follows: Body length ca. 7.0–10.0 mm (n = 2). Wing 7.0–9.0 mm (mean = 7.6, n = 9). Abdomen usually with first three segments dark brown, and remaining segments orange to orangish-brown, sometimes entire abdomen with slight orangish tinge (Fig. 50). Abdomen broader than in male and often slightly expanded and flattened posteriorly. Segments beyond tergite 7 strongly telescoped internally (even after maceration, female terminalia strongly retracted and virtually concealed from dorsal and ventral views). Female terminalia as Figs. 47–49. Cerci fleshy, setose, oval, pad-like. Sternite 10 notched posteriorly.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Both sexes with mouthparts ending near apex of fore coxa. Male tergite 9 with posterolateral corners developed into a pair of narrow (broad in <i>A. flavidum</i>), laterally-compressed, dorsally-hooked lobes. Female sternite 10 notched posteriorly.</p> <p> <b>Comments</b>. This species is, by far, the most common and widely distributed species of <i>Asindulum</i> in the Nearctic Region. The type series was not examined, but the original description (which indicates the combination of large size and abdomen that has abdominal tergites 1–3 black and the remainder yellowish) is adequate to rule out all species except for the dark color morph of <i>A. flavidum</i> which appears to be restricted to the southeastern USA and does not get as far north as the type locality of <i>A. montanum</i> in northern New Hampshire. Material has also been examined from the White Mountains of New Hampshire, which is listed as the type locality. A female specimen from Michigan was “compared with male lectotype of <i>Asindulum montanum</i> v. Röder [and] considered conspecific [by] Jean Laffoon [in] 1952,” (ISUI); this female also matches the concept of this species utilized herein.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Fig. 84). Specimens were examined from Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) and USA (Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Tennessee, New Mexico). Additionally, Evenhuis (2006) records this species from USA: New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.</p> <p> <b>Biology</b>. As listed in the Material Examined, two specimens from Ontario, Canada (PCC) were collected from golden rod flowers.</p>Published as part of <i>Fitzgerald, Scott J., 2023, The Nearctic species of Asindulum Latreille and Macrorrhyncha Winnertz (Diptera: Keroplatidae), pp. 72-106 in Zootaxa 5351 (1)</i> on pages 87-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8391146">http://zenodo.org/record/8391146</a>
Beyond Lesson Studies and Design Experiments: Using theoretical tools in practice and finding out how they work
No full textThis paper aims to illustrate how fruitful insights into the link between school teaching practice and student learning outcomes can be theoretically grounded by the variation theory from the field of phenomenography; and from this framework demonstrate how a 'pedagogy of awareness' can be implemented in the classroom. In this study, five teachers and 162 students at Primary Four level of school education in Hong Kong participated and the practice of the 'learning study' was adopted. By comparing the results of pre- and posttests, a significant gain was observed in the students learning outcomes.
- …
