1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effectiveness of learning with the help of natural science textbook in 7th grade of primary school
Get PDFTeachers in elementary schools around Slovenia have a number of textbooks that can be used for teaching. The creation of any textbook requires an enormous amount of work, planning and designing, and that is especially true for textbooks of natural science subjects. Learning material must be designed to guide the pupil in the cognitive processing of information presented in the learning material, whereby the capacity of the working memory must not be exceeded. Science is on the rise nowadays, so it is important for students to approach these rather abstract themes, as this does not only help them, but also the entire human community. For this purpose, I decided to gain a better insight into the pupils reading of the textbook, and maybe find some advice that could help authors, editors, and textbook designers help with the creation of new learning materials. The aim of my diploma is to define the effectiveness of learning materials in achieving the learning goals in the field of embryonic and post-embryonic development in the subject of natural science in the 7th grade of the elementary school, as well as to analyze the part of the teaching material in which the seven year olds (N = 50) had the greatest problems with the understanding of said material. In my research, I used eye tracking technology, a preliminary assessment and knowledge test questionnaire. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire on the communication of learning material and the test on the content of the material revealed that the pupils had acquired the most knowledge of the incomplete and complete transformation of animals. The content was presented with both text and complementary image material, which points to the importance of the multimedia content of the textbooks. Using the eye tracker, a part of the text was analyzed, which caused the students the greatest difficulty in understanding, namely the diagram with the accompanying text on the differentiation of the stem cells. The analysis showed that the pupils do not connect the diagram and the acompanying text – they do not perceive them as a connected content entity
Using the iNaturalist app in biological research and education
Get PDFIntroduction: iNaturalist is an application for the detection and identification of organisms and communication between users, aimed at both amateur and professional scientists. Aim: This master thesis should give an insight into the usefulness of the application in education and research through different methods. Methods: We used a few different methods in this research. Through various article search engines – Nature, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar – we searched for research papers that used the iNaturalist app in the classroom environment. The articles found were then reviewed and a cross-section of methods and results obtained by foreign researchers was created. Another method was to test the usage of the app in school. We took advantage of the school's participation in the Forgenius project, which focused on gaining insights into the diversity of European forests and their resilience to climate change – here we saw great potential for using the iNaturalist app. The app was then implemented in another elementary school, where we adapted the way of working according to feedback from teachers, students and pupils who were present during the first implementation. The third method was to review the observations recorded in Slovenia – in this way we gained insight into the groups of organisms most commonly observed by users in our country. The last, fourth method was an interview. We selected a group of users who have recorded observations of organisms of the genus Mantis since the application was created. We contacted these users through the iNaturalist website and invited them to participate in an interview where we obtained information about their education, hobbies, occupation, and how they record and determine data. Results: In total, we found 13 unique searches about the use of the iNaturalist application in education on various article search engines. We found that a common method of use was conducting BioBlitz’s and using the application with students to increase knowledge of taxonomy and improve attitudes toward nature. Awareness of the importance of biodiversity was also frequently promoted. We were successful in our attempts to use the app in a school setting. The application was interesting for both students and teachers. During the activity, students acquired new knowledge about the names of plants and other organisms, and some students indicated that they would like to use the app outside of the school context. For the third objective, we collected data on species recorded in Slovenia. We found that over 60,000 observations had been recorded in Slovenia by April 2022, more than half of which were marked “research grade”. We also found that the observations concerned over 5,300 species, among which plants and insects predominate. In the last objective, where we gained insight into users recording representatives of the order of praying mantis, we found that users mainly used the application as a method to store their observations and deepen their knowledge. In most cases, respondents were invited to use the app by an acquaintance, and we also found that the vast majority used biological keys and other tools to identify organisms. Discussion and Conclusion: iNaturalist is an application that is rapidly gaining traction for both professionals and laypeople. The number of research papers investigating the educational benefits of the application is increasing, although the number of articles is still too small. The authors of the articles often focus on events such as the BioBlitz, since these are already an established practice to which it is very convenient and efficient to add an ICT aspect. It might be smart to consider the usefulness of the application in the school context and advise teachers on how and where to incorporate it into their learning process. We see that the use of technology in the classroom is attractive and often used "just because it is new." Of course, teachers need to ask themselves where it makes sense and where it does not, and a set of materials will greatly help them in these decisions and planning. iNaturalist already has some materials and tips for teachers on their website, but most of them are written in English. With this application we can bring a lot of good into the classroom, both in knowledge and in stimulating the emotional side of the students. The current state of biodiversity and climate change shows us how important it is that we change our behaviour, and the easiest place to start is with our children. Encouraging them to develop positive feelings towards nature and natural diversity is one of the first steps we can take towards a better and more sustainable environment
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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