1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Brain As A Symbol-processing Machine
No full textThe knowledge accumulated about the biochemistry of the synapsis in the last decades completely changes the notion of brain processing founded exclusively over an electrical mechanism, toward that supported by a complex chemical message exchange occurring both locally, at the synaptic site, as well as at other localities, depending on the solubility of the involved chemical substances in the extracellular compartment. These biochemical transactions support a rich symbolic processing of the information both encoded by the genes and provided by actual data collected from the surrounding environment, by means of either special molecular or cellular receptor systems. In this processing, molecules play the role of symbozls and chemical affinity shared by them specifies the syntax for symbol manipulation in order to process and to produce chemical messages. In this context, neurons are conceived as message-exchanging agents. Chemical strings are produced and stored at defined places, and ionic currents are used to speed up message delivery. Synaptic transactions can no longer he assumed to correspond to a simple process of propagating numbers powered by a factor measuring the presynaptic capacity to influence the postsynaptic electrical activity, but they must be modeled by more powerful formal tools supporting both numerical and symbolic calculations. It is proposed here that formal language theory is the adequate mathematical tool to handle such symbolic processing. The purpose of the present review is therefore: (a) to discuss the relevant and recent literature about trophic factors, signal transduction mechanisms, neuromodulators and neurotransmitters in order (b) to point out the common features of these correlated processes; and (c) to show how they may be organized into a formal model supported by the theory of fuzzy formal languages (d) to model the brain as a distributed intelligent problem solver.532121198Akaike, A., Tamura, U., Terada, K., Nakata, N., Regulation by neuroprotective factors of NMDA receptor-mediated nitric oxide synthesis in the brain and retina (1994) Progr. Brain Res., 103, pp. 391-402Alberini, C.M., Ghiradir, M., Mez, R., Kandel, E.R., C/EBP is an immediate-early gene required for consolidation of long-term facilitation in Aplysia (1994) Cell, 76, pp. 1098-1114Albright, T.D., My most true mind thus makes mine eye untrue (1995) Trends Neurosci., 18, pp. 331-333Alegre, L., Morooka, C.K., Rocha, A.F., Intelligent diagnosis of rod pumping problems (1993) SPE, pp. 97-107. , 26516Alegre, L., Rocha, A.F., Morooka, C.K., Intelligent approach tto rod pumping problems (1993) SPE, pp. 249-255. , 26253Aoki, C., Venkatesan, C.C., Go, C.-G., Mong, J.A., Dawson, T.M., Cellular and subcellular localization of NMDA-r1 subunit immunoreactivity in the visual cortex of adult and neonatal rats (1994) J. Neurosci., 14, pp. 5202-5222Baader, S.L., Schilling, K., Glutamate receptor mediate dynamic regulation of nitric oxide synthase expression in cerebellar granule cells (1996) J. Neurosci., 15, pp. 1440-1449Bach, M.E., Hawkins, R.D., Osman, M., Kandel, E.R., Mayford, M., Impairment of spatial but not contextual memory in CamKII mutant mice with a selective loss of hippocampal LTP in the range of the θ frequency (1995) Cell, 81, pp. 905-915Bailey, C.H., Kandel, E.R., Molecular and structural mechanisms underlying long-term memory (1995) The Cognitive Neurosciences, pp. 19-36. , Ed. M. S. Gazzaniga. Bradford Books, The MIT Press: Cambridge, MABattaglini, P.P., Galleti, C., Fattori, P., Cortical mechanisms for visual perception of object motion and position in space (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 76, pp. 143-154Bartsch, D., Ghiradir, M., Skehel, P.A., Kart, K.A., Herder, S.P., Chen, M., Bailey, D.H., Kandel, E.R., Aplysia creb represses long-term facilitation: Relief of repression converts transient facilitation into long-term functional and structural change (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 979-992Hossain, W.A., Zhou, X., Rutledge, A., Baier, C., Morest, D.K., Basic fibroblast growth factor affects neuronal migration and differentiation in normotypic cell cultures from the cochleovestibular ganglion of the chick embryo (1996) Expl. Neurol., 138, pp. 121-143Huguenard, J.R., Prince, D.A., Intrathalamic rhythmicity studied in vitro: Nominal T-current modulation causes robust anti-oscillatory effects (1994) J. Neurosci., 14, pp. 5485-5502Van Huizen, M., March, F.D., Cynader, M.S., Shaw, C., Muscarinic receptor characteristics and regulation in rat cerebral cortex: Changes during development, aging and the oestrous cycle (1994) Eur. J. Neurosci., 6, pp. 237-243Humphrey, G.K., Symons, L.A., Herbet, A.M., Goodale, M.A., A neurological dissociation between shape from shading and shape from edges (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 76, pp. 117-125Hunter, L., Molecular biology for computer scientists (1993) Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Biology, pp. 1-46. , Ed. L. Henter. AAAI Press: Cambridge, MAIaccino, J.F., (1993) Left Brain-right Brain Differences, , Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: Hillsdale, New JerseyIchtchenko, K., Hata, Y., Nguyen, T., Ultrich, B., Missler, M., Moomaw, C., Sudhof, T.C., Neuroligin 1: A splice site-specific ligan for β-neurexins (1995) Cell, 81, pp. 435-443Ihle, J.N., Kerr, I.M., Jaks and Stats in signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily (1995) Trends Gen., 11, pp. 69-74Ip, N.Y., Yancopoulos, G.D., The neurotrophins and CNTF: Two families of collaborative neurotrophic factors (1996) Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 19, pp. 416-491Ishai, A., Sagi, D., Common mechanisms of visual imagery and perception (1995) Science, 268, pp. 1772-1774Baurén, G., Wieslander, L., Splicing of balbiani ring I gene pre-mRNA occurs simultaneously with transcription (1994) Cell, 76, pp. 183-192Iyengar, R., Gating by cyclic AMP: Expanded role for an old signaling pathway (1996) Science, 271, pp. 461-463Jackendoff, R., (1995) Languages of the Mind: Essays on Mental Representation, , Bradford Books, The MIT Press: Cambridge. MAJessell, T.M., Kandel, E.R., Synaptic transmission: A bisectional and self-modifiable form of cell cell communication (1993) Cell, 72, pp. 1-30John, R., Sudhof, T.C., Synaptic vesicles and exocytosis (1994) Annu. Rer. Neurosci., 17, pp. 219-246Johnson, R.R., Burkhalter, A., Evidence for excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in forward and feedback corticocortical pathways within rat visual cortex (1994) Eur. J. Neurosci., 6, pp. 272-286Johnston, D.S., The intracellular localization of messenger RNAs (1996) Cell, 81, pp. 161-170Kaiser, K., Meisterernst, M., The human general co-factors (1996) Trends Biochem., 21, pp. 342-345Kandel, E.R., Perception of motion. Depth and form (1992) Principles of Neurosciences, pp. 441-466. , Eds E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz and T. M. Jessell, Elsevier: AmsterdamKandel, E., Abel, T., Neuropeptides, adenylylcyclase, and memory storage (1995) Science, 268, pp. 825-826Kandel, E.R., Hawkins, R.D., The biological basis of learning and individuality (1992) Scientific American, (SPEC. ISSUE), pp. 79-86. , SeptemberBeato, M., Herlich, P., Scuhtz, G., Steroid hormone receptor: Many actors in search of a plot (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 851-857Karoor, V., Shih, M., Tholanikunnel, B., Malbon, C.C., Regulating expression and function of G-protein-linked receptors (1996) Progr. Neurobiol., 48, pp. 555-568Katz, B., (1966) The Release of Neural Transmitter Substances, , C. C. Thomas: Springfield, IllinoisKaziro, Y., Itoh, H., Kozasa, T., Nakafuku, M., Satoh, T., Structure and function of signal-transducing GTP-binding proteins (1991) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 50, pp. 349-400Kennedy, M.B., The biochemistry of synaptic regulation in the central nervous system (1994) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 63, pp. 571-600King, S.M., Frey, S., Villemure, J.-G., Ptito, A., Azzopardi, P., Perception of motion-in-depth in patients with partial or complete cerebral hemispherectomy (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 76, pp. 169-180Kinomura, S., Larson, J., Gulyas, B., Rolano, P.E., Activation by attention of the human reticular formation and thalamic intralaminar nuclei (1996) Science, 271, pp. 512-514Kocsis, J.D., Rand, M.N., Lankford, K., Waxman, S.G., Nuclear calcium elevation may initiate neurite outgrowth in mammalian neurons (1995) Progr. Brain Res., 103, pp. 137-151Koelle, M.R., Horvitz, H.R., EGL-10 regulates G protein signalin in the C. elegans nervous system and shares a conserved domain with many mammalian proteins (1996) Cell, 84, pp. 115-120Kohler, M., Burnashev, N., Sakman, B., Seeburg, P.H., (1993) Neuron, 10, pp. 491-500Kohn, A.F., Rocha, A.F., Segundo, J.P., Presynaptic irregularity and pacemaker inhibition (1981) Biol. Cybernet., 41, pp. 5-18Beavo, J.A., Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: Functional implications of multiple isoforms (1995) Physiol. Rev., 75, pp. 725-748Kornberg, R.D., RNA polymerase II transcription control (1996) Trends Biochem., 21, pp. 325-326Kornfield, W., Hewitt, C.E., The scientific community metaphor (1981) IEEE Trans. Sys. Man. Cybernet., 11, pp. 24-42Kuno, M., (1995) The Synapse: Function, Plasticity, and Neurotrophism, , Oxford Science Publications: OxfordLambowitz, A.M., Belfort, M., Introns as mobile genetic elements (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 62, pp. 587-622Larsson, S.H., Charlieu, J.P., Miyagawa, K., Engelkamp, D., Rassoulzadegan, M., Ross, A., Cuzin, F., Hastie, N.D., Subnuclear localization of WT! in splicing or transcription factor domains is regulated by alternative splicing (1995) Cell, 81, pp. 391-401Lennon, V.A., Cross-talk between nervous and immune systems in response to injury (1994) Progr. Brain Res., 103, pp. 289-292Lesser, V.R., A retrospective view of FA C distributed problem solving (1991) IEEE Trans. Sys. Man. Cybernet., 21, pp. 1347-1362Lesser, V.R., Corkill, D.D., Functionally accurate, cooperative distributed systems (1981) IEEE Trans. Sys. Man. Cybernet., 11, pp. 81-96Levitt, J.B., Lund, J.S., Yosioka, T., Anatomical substraes forearly stages in cortical processing of visual information in the mcaque monkey (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 76, pp. 5-19Lewin, G.R., Barde, Y.-A., Physiology of the neurotrophins (1996) Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 19, pp. 289-318Bennett, M.K., Scheller, R.H., A molecular description of synaptic vesicle membrane trafficking (1994) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 63, pp. 63-100Li, A., Omura, Y., Hore, T., Aou, S., Sasaki, K., Kimura, H., Tooyama, I., Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in the lateral hypothalamic area regulates food intake (1996) Expl. Neurol., 137, pp. 318-323Llinás, R.R., Grace, A.A., Yarom, Y., In vitro neurons in mammalian cortical layer 4 exhibit intrinsic oscillatory activity in the 10-50 Ha frequency range (1991) Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 88, pp. 97-901Lomeli, H., Control of kinetic properties of AMPA receptor channels by nuclear RNA editing (1994) Science, 266, pp. 1709-1713Lowy, D.R., Willumsen, B.M., Function and regulation of RAS (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 62, pp. 851-891Luck, S.J., Multiple mechanisms of visual spatial attention: Recent evidence from human electrophysiology (1995) Behav. Brain Res., 71, pp. 113-123MacLeod, K., Laurent, G., Distinct mechanism for synchronization and temporal patterning of odor-encoding neural assemblies (1996) Science, 274, pp. 976-979Madhani, H.D., Guthrie, C., Dynamic RNA-RNA interactions in the spliceosome (1994) Annu. Rev. Gen., 28, pp. 1-26Mallabiabarrena, A., Malhotra, V., Vesicle biogenics: The coat connection (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 667-669Mangelsdorf, D.F., Evans, R.M., The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 841-850Mangelsdorf, D.F., Thummel, C., Beato, M., Herlich, P., Suchtz, G., Umesono, K., Blublerg, B., Evans, R.M., The nuclear receptor superfamily: The second decade (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 835-839Berghard, A., Buck, L.B., Sensory transduction in vomeronasal neurons: Evidence for Gao, Gai2, and adenylyl cyclase II as major components of pheromone signaling cascade (1996) J. Neurosci., 16, pp. 909-918Marshal, C.J., Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation (1995) Cell, 80, pp. 179-185Matthews, G., Neurotransmitter release (1996) Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 19, pp. 219-234Maunsell, J.H.R., The brain visual world: Representation of visual targets in cerebral cortex (1995) Science, 270, pp. 764-769Mayford, M., Wang, J., Kandel, E.R., O'Dell, T.J., CamKII regulates the frequency-response function of hippocampal synapses for the production of both LTD and LTP (1995) Cell, 81, pp. 891-904McAdams, H.H., Shapiro, L., Circuit simulation of genetic networks (1995) Science, 269, pp. 650-656McCallum, W.C., Curry, S.H., Pocock, P.V., Ppapakostopoulos, D., Brain event related potentials as indicators of early selective processes in auditory target localization (1983) Psychophysiology, 20, pp. 1-17McCormick, D.A., Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity (1992) Progr. Neurobiol., 39, pp. 337-388McCulloch, W.S., Pitts, W.H., A logical calculus of ideas immanent in nervous activity (1943) Bull. Math. Biophys., 5, pp. 115-133Mellman, I., Simons, K., The golgi complex: In vitro veritas? (1992) Cell, 68, pp. 829-840Merchenthaler, I., Lopez, F.J., Lennard, D.E., Negro-Vilar, A., Sexual differences in the distribution of neurons coexpressing galanin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the rat brain (1991) Endocrinology, 129, pp. 1977-1986Bhat, N.R., Signal transduction mechanism in glial cell (1995) Dev. Neurosci., 17, pp. 267-284Miller, F.D., Nerve growth factor and neuronal gene expression (1994) Progr. Brain Res., 103, pp. 17-33Milusheva, E., Baranyi, M., Zelles, T., Mike, A., Vizi, E.S., Release of acetylcholine and noradrenaline from the cholinergic and adrenergic afferents in rat hippocampal CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions (1994) Eur. J. Neurosci., 6, pp. 187-192Miranowski, J.A., Impacts of productivity loss on crop production and management in a dynamic model (1989) Am. J. Agric. Econ., 66, pp. 61-71Miyashita, Y., How the brain creates imagery: Projection to primary visual cortex (1995) Science, 268, pp. 1719-1720Mizumoto, M., Toyoda, Y., Tanaka, K., N-fold grammar (1973) Inform. Sci., 5, pp. 25-44Mochly-Rosen, D., Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: A theme in signal transduction (1995) Science, 268, pp. 247-251Montminy, M.R., Gonzales, G.A., Yamamoto, K.K., Regulation of cAMP-inducible genes by CREB (1990) Trends Neurosci., 13 (5), pp. 184-188Moons, N., Cooper, D.M.F., Adenylate cyclases: Critical foci in neuronal signaling (1995) Trends Neurosci., 12, pp. 536-541Moore, M.J., Sharp, P.A., Evidence for two active sites in the spliceosome provided by stereochemistry of pre-mRNA splicing (1993) Nature, 365, pp. 364-368Mori, K., Yoshihara, Y., Molecular recognition and olfactory processing in the mammalian olfactory system (1995) Progr. Neurobiol., 45, pp. 585-619Bjöklund, S., Kim, Y.-J., Mediator of transcriptional regulation (1996) Trends Biochem., 21, pp. 335-337Munk, M.H.J., Roelfsema, P.R., Koning, P., Engel, A.K., Singer, W., Role of reticular activation in the modulation of intracortical synchronization (1996) Science, 272, pp. 271-274Nagata, S., Golstein, P., The Fas death factor (1995) Science, 267, pp. 1449-1456Nakamura, K., Kubota, K., The primate temporal pole: Its putative role in object recognition and memory (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 77, pp. 53-77Nakanishi, S., Second-order neurones and receptor mechanisms in visual-and olfactory-information processing (1995) Trends Neurosci., 18, pp. 359-364Nakao, N., Odin, P., Lindvall, O., Brundin, P., Differential trophic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and neurotrophin-3 in striatal neurons in culture (1996) Expl. Neurol., 138, pp. 144-157Naruse, I., Keino, H., Apoptosis in developing CNS (1995) Progr. Neurobiol., 47, pp. 135-155Neer, E.J., Heterotrimeric G proteins: Organizers of transmembrane signals (1995) Cell, 80, pp. 249-267Neer, E.J., Smith, T.F., G protein heterodimers: New structures propel new questions (1996) Cell, 84, pp. 175-178Negoita, C.V., Ralescu, D.A., (1975) Applications of Fuzzy Sets to Systems Analysis, , John Wiley and Sons: New YorkNeville, H.J., Kutas, M., Schimdit, A., Event related potential studies of cerebral specialization during reading (1982) Brain Lang., 16, pp. 300-327Blumenthal, T., Trans-splicing and polycistronic transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans (1995) Trends Gen., 11, pp. 132-136Nichols, R.A., Suplick, G.R., Brown, J.M., Calcineurin-mediated protein dephosphorylation in brain nerve terminals regulates the release of glutamate (1994) J. Biol. Chem., 38, pp. 23817-23823Nicolelis, M.A., Baccala, L.A., Lin, R.C.S., Chapinb, J.K., Sensorimotor encoding by synchronous neural ensemble activity at multiple levels of somatosensory system (1995) Science, 268, pp. 1353-1358Nicoll, R.A., Kauer, J.A., Malenka, R.C., The current excitement in long-term potentiation (1988) Neuron, 1, pp. 97-103Noller, H.F., Ribosomal rna and translation (1991) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 60, pp. 191-227Orban, G.A., Dupont, P., Vogels, R., De Bruyn, B., Bormans, G., Mortelmans, L., Task dependency of visual processing in the human visual system (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 76, pp. 215-223Ornstein, R., (1991) The Evolution of Consciousness, , Touchstone Books, Simon and Schuster: New YorkOro, A.R., Simerly, R.B., Swanson, L.W., Estrous cycle variation in levels of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity within cells of three interconnected sexually dimorphic forebrain nuclei (1988) Neuroendocrinology, 47, pp. 225-235Osborne, M.A., Silva, P.A., Nucleocytoplasmic transport in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 62, pp. 219-254Overduin, M., Rios, C.B., Mayer, B.J., Baltimore, D., Cowbrun, D., Three-dimensional solution structure of the src homogeny 2 domain of c-abl (1992) Cell, 70, pp. 697-704Patterson, P.H., Nawa, H., Neuronal differentiation factors/cytokines and synaptic plasticity (1993) Cell, 72 (NEURON), pp. 123-137Boehn, S.P., Kralli, A., Yamamoto, K.R., Hold 'em and fold 'em: Chaperons and signal transduction (1995) Science, 268, pp. 1303-1304Pedrycz, W., Lam, P.C.F., Rocha, Distributed fuzzy system modelling (1995) IEEE Trans. Sys. Man. Cybernet., 25 (5), pp. 769-780Pedrycz, W., Rocha, A.F., Fuzzy-set based models of neurons (1993) IEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., 1, pp. 254-263Penfield, W., Roberts, L., (1959) Speech and Brain Mechanisms, , Princetown University Press, Princetown, N.JPinker, S., (1994) The Language Instinct, , Harper Perennial, Harper Collins: New YorkPuel, J.L., Chemical synaptic transmission in the cochlea (1995) Progr. Neurobiol., 47, pp. 449-476Rastinejad, F., Conboy, M.J., Rando, T.A., Blau, H.M., Tumor suppression by RNA from the 3′ untranslated region of a-tropomyosin (1993) Cell, 75, pp. 1107-1117Ringo, J.L., Stimulus specific adaptation in inferior temporal and medial temporal cortex of the monkey (1996) Behav. Brain Res., 76, pp. 191-197Ritter, W., Simson, R., Vaughan, H.G., A brain event related to the making of a sensory discrimination (1979) Science, 203, pp. 1358-1361Rocha, A.F., Temporal influences of the reticular formation on sensory processing (1980) The Reticular Formation Revisited, pp. 105-115. , Eds J. A. Robson and M. A. Brazier. Raven Press: New YorkRocha, A.F., Neural fuzzy point processes (1980) Fuzzy Sets Syst., 5, pp. 127-140Bootman, M.D., Berridge, M.J., The elemental principles of calcium signaling (1995) Cell, 83, pp. 675-678Rocha, A.F., Basic properties of neural circuits (1982) Fuzzy Sets Syst., 7, pp. 109-121Rocha, A.F., Toward a theoretical and experimental approach of fuzzy learning (1982) Fuzzy Reasoning and Approximate Decision, pp. 191-202. , Eds M. M. Gupta and E. Sanches. North Holland: AmsterdamRocha, A.F., Brain activity during language perception (1990) Encyclopedia of System and Control, Suppl., 1, pp. 38-46. , Ed. M. Singh. Pergamon Press: OxfordRocha, A.F., (1992) Neural Nets: A Theory for Brains and Machine. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, , 632 pp. Springer Verlag: BerlinRocha, A.F., Buño, W., Sustained sensitivity modifications induced by brief length perturbations in the crayfish slowly adapting stretch receptor (1985) J. Neurobiol., 16, pp. 373-388Rocha, A.F., Françozo, E., Hadler, M.I., Balduino, M.A., Neural languages (1980) Fuzzy Sets Syst., 3, pp. 11-35Rocha, A.F., Rebelo, M.P.F., Miura, K., Toward a theory of molecular computing (1996) Inform. Sci., , in pressRocha, A.F., Guilherme, I.R., Rocha, M.T., (1996) Neural Systems and Symbolic Processing, , http:/www.unicamp.br/raniRocha, A.F., Machado, R., Gomide, F., Updating the biology of the artificial neuron (1993) Fuzzy Logic: The State of Art, pp. 21-31. , Eds R. Lowens and M. Rouben. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtRocha, A.F., Rocha, M.T., Specialized speech: A first prose for language expert systems (1985) Inform. Sci., 37, pp. 193-210Bothwell, M., p75ntr: A receptor after all (1996) Science, 272, pp. 506-507Rocha, M.T., Rocha, A.F., Programable neural system for pattern recognition (1996) Proceedings 6th IPMU, pp. 123-127. , Granada, SpainRocha, A.F., Theoto, M., Myiadahira, A.M.K., Koizumi, M.S., Guilherme, I.R., Neural net for extracting knowledge from natural language data base (1992) IEEE Trans. Neural Nets, 2 (5), pp. 115-123Roeder, R.S., The role of general initiation factors in transcription by RNA polymerase II (1996) Trends Biochem., 21, pp. 327-334Rosemblatt, F., The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain (1958) Psychol. Rev., 65, pp. 386-408Ross, A.H., Lachyankar, M.B., Poluha, D.K., Loy, R., Axonal transport of the trkA high-affinity NGF receptor (1994) Progr. Brain Res., 103, pp. 15-21Rothman, J.E., Wiela
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
