1,720,956 research outputs found
Konsep Maslahat di Tengah Budaya Hukum Indonesia
No full textMaslahat is one of the approaches which is usually used by Indonesian moslem scholars to solve gap problems between Islam and world development. It also causes many contradictions amongst them, however, because of its flexibility. some scholars use maslahat without clear boundaries and apply it as a free method. The writer tries to give a solution about this problem, especially when maslahat faces the culture of Indonesian law system. Maslahat has universal characteristic. Therefore, it should be acceptable and applicable in universal ways. In Indonesian context, maslahat must be formalized and institutionalized in Indonesian law system if it will be applied as universal value in the middle of Indonesian society. Consequently, if there is a conflict amongst several applications from maslahat, Indonesian law system could have the right to determine the truth
Konsep Maslahat di Tengah Budaya Hukum Indonesia
No full textMaslahat is one of the approaches which is usually used by Indonesian moslem scholars to solve gap problems between Islam and world development. It also causes many contradictions amongst them, however, because of its flexibility. some scholars use maslahat without clear boundaries and apply it as a free method. The writer tries to give a solution about this problem, especially when maslahat faces the culture of Indonesian law system. Maslahat has universal characteristic. Therefore, it should be acceptable and applicable in universal ways. In Indonesian context, maslahat must be formalized and institutionalized in Indonesian law system if it will be applied as universal value in the middle of Indonesian society. Consequently, if there is a conflict amongst several applications from maslahat, Indonesian law system could have the right to determine the truth.</jats:p
NASIONALISME ‘JALAN TENGAH’: MENGURAI POTENSI BENTURAN IDEOLOGI NASIONALISME DAN SENTIMEN UMMAH DI ERA NATION STATE
Full text linkAbstract
In the study of Islamic political thought, the relation between Islam and nationalism has been a relevant topic to be discussed. This is at least due to two factors. Firstly, there is a concept of ummah in Islam which is considered in contrary with the ideology of nationalism. While ummah is characterized with the solidarity in the name of faith, nationalism is of nationality and geographical borders. Secondly, nationalism and nation state have become a reality accepted by all modern states, including Muslim states. Accordingly, it is assumed that being a loyal Muslim and a good citizen at the same time is impossible. This article is aimed at offering an interface between nationalism and ummah by adopting the positive sides of both. To place nationalism and ummah in a binary opposition is not useful and against the reality. As a result, it is concluded that nationalism can be an asset to achieve the unity and cooperation, particularly in the struggle for independence. However, nationalism can also be a narrow ideology which leads to the negative fanaticism. In this context, the sentiment of ummah can be used as a religious guidance in minimazing and preventing the practice of narrow nationalism. The concept of ummah ensures that a religious bond should be respected besides the bond which is based on the territorial border. On the other hand, nationalism could prevent the sentiment of ummah from falling to religious extremism. Finally, the interface between nationalism and ummah may be applied differently among various Muslim countries.
Keywords: Nationalism, Ummah, and Nation State.
Abstrak
Dalam studi pemikiran politik Islam, relasi antara Islam dan nasionalisme menjadi topik yang masih menarik untuk didiskusikan. Hal ini setidaknya disebabkan oleh dua hal: Pertama, terdapat konsep ummah dalam doktrin Islam yang diyakini berseberangan dengan ide nasionalisme. Ummah meniscayakan solidaritas atas dasar keimanan, sedang nasionalisme mendasarkan pada faktor kebangsaan dan batasan geografis. Kedua, nasionalisme dan negara bangsa merupakan realitas yang dipraktekkan di semua negara modern, termasuk negara-negara Muslim. Sehingga timbul anggapan bahwa tidak mungkin seorang Muslim yang baik dapat sekaligus menjadi warga negara yang baik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan titik temu antara konsep nasionalisme dan ummah dengan mengambil sisi positif dari keduanya. Meletakkan nasionalisme dan ummah dalam posisi yang bertentangan selain tidak produktif juga bertentangan dengan realitas yang ada. Hasil studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa nasionalisme dapat menjadi modal dalam menuju persatuan dan kerja sama, terutama kaitannya dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Meskipun, nasionalisme di sisi lain juga dapat menjadi ideologi sempit yang mengarah pada fanatisme negatif. Di sinilah, sentimen ummah dapat digunakan untuk menjadi panduan agama dalam meminimalisasi dan mencegah praktek nasionalisme sempit. Konsep ummah memastikan bahwa terdapat ikatan keagamaan yang harus dihormati selain ikatan berdasar batasan teritorial. Di sisi lain, nasionalisme mencegah sentimen ummah untuk terjerumus ke dalam ektrimisme agama. Akhirnya, batasan kerjasama dan titik temu antara nasionalisme dan ummah mungkin diaplikasikan berbeda-beda antara satu negara Muslim dengan yang lain.
Kata Kunci: Nasionalisme, Ummah, dan Negara Bangsa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
