216 research outputs found
Huddersfield Open Access Publishing
No full textThis paper presents the findings of the Huddersfield Open Access Publishing Project, a JISC funded project to develop a low cost, sustainable Open Access (OA) journal publishing platform using EPrints Institutional Repository software
"What is the American Model Really About? Soft Budgets and the Keynesian Devolution "
No full textThe "American Model" serves as a point of reference in discussions of economic policy around the world especially in Europe; many claim that the American version of the free market represents an ideal type-it is the highest form of capitalism. The author argues, however, that the United States has relied heavily on government intervention in housing, health care, pensions, and education. Not only have these programs been largely successful and popular, they also provide a Keynesian stimulus to spending that help account for the strength of the U.S. economy. Now that the U.S. is in a weak, jobless recovery, the key to restoring growth may lie in the kinds of governmental programs that have helped to sustain and stabilize the U.S. economy in the past.
Thrombosis Is Reduced by Inhibition of COX-1, but Unaffected by Inhibition of COX-2, in an Acute Model of Platelet Activation in the Mouse
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Complex variations of X-ray polarization in the X-ray pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431
No full textWe report on Imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer (IXPE) observations of the
Be-transient X-ray pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431 made at two luminosity
levels during the giant outburst in January--February 2023. Considering the
observed spectral variability and changes in the pulse profiles, the source was
likely caught in supercritical and subcritical states with significantly
different emission-region geometry, associated with the presence of accretion
columns and hot spots, respectively. We focus here on the pulse-phase-resolved
polarimetric analysis and find that the observed dependencies of the
polarization degree and polarization angle (PA) on the pulse phase are indeed
drastically different for the two observations. The observed differences, if
interpreted within the framework of the rotating vector model (RVM), imply
dramatic variations in the spin axis inclination, the position angle, and the
magnetic colatitude by tens of degrees within the space of just a few days. We
suggest that the apparent changes in the observed PA phase dependence are
predominantly related to the presence of an unpulsed polarized component in
addition to the polarized radiation associated with the pulsar itself. We then
show that the observed PA phase dependence in both observations can be
explained with a single set of RVM parameters defining the pulsar's geometry.
We also suggest that the additional polarized component is likely produced by
scattering of the pulsar radiation in the equatorial disk wind.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted in A&
Endometrial thickness as a test for endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To assess the value of endometrial thickness measurement as a test for endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with vaginal bleeding (symptomatic women). DATA SOURCES: We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE database from 1991 to 1997, and the key words "vaginal ultrasonography" and "endometrial thickness measurement." The review was limited to original research reports written in English, concerning symptomatic women having vaginal ultrasonography before a diagnostic test and not receiving tamoxifen. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 48 studies were identified. A questionnaire was sent to the corresponding author of each paper requesting supplementary information. Data were included in our analysis if the corresponding author was able to supply information on the median endometrial thickness in unaffected symptomatic women and the endometrial thickness values in affected women. Nine studies were thus included in our meta-analysis, representing 3483 women without endometrial cancer and 330 women with endometrial cancer. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: The median endometrial thickness in women with endometrial cancer was 3.7 times that in unaffected women at the same center, and with the same menopausal status and same hormone replacement therapy use category. The detection rate was 63% (95% confidence interval 58, 69) for a 10% false-positive rate, or 96% (95% confidence interval 94, 98) for a 50% false-positive rate. CONCLUSION: Endometrial thickness measurement in symptomatic women does not reduce the need for invasive diagnostic testing because 4% of the endometrial cancers would still be missed with a false-positive rate as high as 50%
Single-sex schools and science engagement
No full textThis paper considers whether single-sex schooling affects gendered patterns in the uptake of science courses in year 11 and the development of science-related career paths. In particular, the author is interested in exploring gender differences surrounding the life and physical sciences. The author explores these issues using data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Differences in the uptake of life and physical science subjects by males and females occur across all schools. In girls-only schools girls are more likely to undertake physical science subjects than their female counterparts in co-educational schools, but there is no difference when it comes to planning a physical science career. On the other hand, boys in boys-only schools are no more likely to take up life science subjects than their male counterparts in co-educational schools, but they are more likely to plan life science careers
Interdisciplinary differences in attitudes towards deposit in institutional repositories
No full textThe attitudes and behaviours of academics from different disciplines towards depositing their work in institutional repositories are compared. This is achieved through the use of a survey strategy, and by examination of the contents of a twenty-five UK institutional repositories. The survey targets humanities academics, and the data is compared to that from previous surveys focusing on scientific, technical and medical (STM) disciplines.
The number of humanities documents in institutional repositories is currently far lower than that in STM disciplines. Awareness of Open Access amongst humanities academics is also low. However they perceive many advantages to depositing their work in institutional repositories, especially for the reader, not for themselves. Around two-thirds of respondents would deposit work in institutional repositories, despite having several concerns. Those who would not deposit work in this way perceive the same disadvantages: potential for plagiarism, the apprehension of interfering with publishing their work elsewhere, and the fragility of online means of dissemination.
Increased depositing in institutional repositories in the future depends on encouraging authors of the advantages of doing so, not only to others but also to themselves. At this early stage of development understanding the attitudes of academics in different disciplines is crucial
Complex variations in X-ray polarization in the X-ray pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431
No full textFull list of the authors: Doroshenko, Victor; Poutanen, Juri; Heyl, Jeremy; Tsygankov, Sergey S.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Turolla, Roberto; Veledina, Alexandra; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Forsblom, Sofia V.; González-Caniulef, Denis; Loktev, Vladislav; Malacaria, Christian; Mushtukov, Alexander A.; Suleimanov, Valery F.; Lutovinov, Alexander A.; Mereminskiy, Ilya A.; Molkov, Sergey V.; Salganik, Alexander; Santangelo, Andrea; Berdyugin, Andrei V.; Kravtsov, Vadim; Nitindala, Anagha P.; Agudo, Iván; Antonelli, Lucio A.; Bachetti, Matteo; Baldini, Luca; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Bianchi, Stefano; Bongiorno, Stephen D.; Bonino, Raffaella; Brez, Alessandro; Bucciantini, Niccolò; Capitanio, Fiamma; Castellano, Simone; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta; Chen, Chien-Ting; Ciprini, Stefano; Costa, Enrico; De Rosa, Alessandra; Del Monte, Ettore; Di Gesu, Laura; Di Lalla, Niccolò; Di Marco, Alessandro; Donnarumma, Immacolata; Dovčiak, Michal; Ehlert, Steven R.; Enoto, Teruaki; Evangelista, Yuri; Fabiani, Sergio; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo; García, Javier A.; Gunji, Shuichi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Iwakiri, Wataru; Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Kaaret, Philip; Karas, Vladimir; Kislat, Fabian; Kitaguchi, Takao; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Krawczynski, Henric; La Monaca, Fabio; Latronico, Luca; Liodakis, Ioannis; Maldera, Simone; Manfreda, Alberto; Marin, Frédéric; Marinucci, Andrea; Marscher, Alan P.; Marshall, Herman L.; Massaro, Francesco; Matt, Giorgio; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Muleri, Fabio; Negro, Michela; Ng, Chi-Yung; O'Dell, Stephen L.; Omodei, Nicola; Oppedisano, Chiara; Papitto, Alessandro; Pavlov, George G.; Peirson, Abel L.; Perri, Matteo; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa; Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier; Pilia, Maura; Possenti, Andrea; Puccetti, Simonetta; Ramsey, Brian D.; Rankin, John; Ratheesh, Ajay; Roberts, Oliver J.; Romani, Roger W.; Sgrò, Carmelo; Slane, Patrick; Soffitta, Paolo; Spandre, Gloria; Swartz, Douglas A.; Tamagawa, Toru; Tavecchio, Fabrizio; Taverna, Roberto; Tawara, Yuzuru; Tennant, Allyn F.; Thomas, Nicholas E.; Tombesi, Francesco; Trois, Alessio; Vink, Jacco; Wu, Kinwah; Xie, Fei; Zane, SilviaWe report on Imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer (IXPE) observations of the Be-transient X-ray pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431 made at two luminosity levels during the giant outburst in January- February 2023. Considering the observed spectral variability and changes in the pulse profiles, the source was likely caught in supercritical and subcritical states with significantly different emission-region geometry, associated with the presence of accretion columns and hot spots, respectively. We focus here on the pulse-phase-resolved polarimetric analysis and find that the observed dependencies of the polarization degree and polarization angle (PA) on the pulse phase are indeed drastically different for the two observations. The observed differences, if interpreted within the framework of the rotating vector model (RVM), imply dramatic variations in the spin axis inclination, the position angle, and the magnetic colatitude by tens of degrees within the space of just a few days. We suggest that the apparent changes in the observed PA phase dependence are predominantly related to the presence of an unpulsed polarized component in addition to the polarized radiation associated with the pulsar itself. We then show that the observed PA phase dependence in both observations can be explained with a single set of RVM parameters defining the pulsar s geometry. We also suggest that the additional polarized component is likely produced by scattering of the pulsar radiation in the equatorial disk wind. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint US and Italian mission. The US contribution is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and led and managed by its Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), with industry partner Ball Aerospace (contract NNM15AA18C). The Italian contribution is supported by the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, ASI) through contract ASI-OHBI-2017-12-I.0, agreements ASI-INAF-2017-12-H0 and ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0, and its Space Science Data Center (SSDC) with agreements ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0 and ASI-INFN 2021-43-HH.0, and by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. This research used data products provided by the IXPE Team (MSFC, SSDC, INAF, and INFN) and distributed with additional software tools by the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). We acknowledge support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) travel grant 57525212 (VD, VFS), the Academy of Finland grants 333112, 349144, 349373, and 349906 (JP, SST, SVF), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Space Agency (JH), the Vaisala Foundation (SST), UKRI Stephen Hawking fellowship (AAM), the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant WE 1312/59-1 (VFS), the Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation, and Suomen Kulttuurirahast
Complex variations of X-ray polarization in the X-ray pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431
No full textAuthors: Ilaria Caiazzo, Roberto Turolla, Alexandra Veledina, Martin C. Weisskopf, Sofia V. Forsblom, Denis González-Caniulef, Vladislav Loktev, Christian Malacaria, Alexander A. Mushtukov, Valery F. Suleimanov, Alexander A. Lutovinov, Ilya A. Mereminskiy, Sergey V. Molkov, Alexander Salganik, Andrea Santangelo, Andrei V. Berdyugin, Vadim Kravtsov, Anagha P. Nitindala, Iván Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolò Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Chien-Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Niccolò Di Lalla, Alessandro Di Marco, Immacolata Donnarumma, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. García, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Philip Kaaret, Vladimir Karas, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Henric Krawczynski, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Ioannis Liodakis, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Frédéric Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Francesco Massaro, Giorgio Matt, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Fabio Muleri, Chi-Yung Ng, Stephen L. O’Dell, Nicola Omodei, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Oliver J. Roberts, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgrò, Patrick Slane, Paolo Soffitta, Gloria Spandre, Douglas A. Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Jacco Vink, Kinwah Wu, Fei Xie, and Silvia ZaneWe report on ixpe observations of the Be-transient X-ray pulsar LS V +44 17/RX J0440.9+4431 at two luminosity levels during the giant outburst in January--February 2023. Considering the observed spectral variability and changes in the pulse profiles, the source was likely caught in super- and sub-critical states with significantly different emission region geometry, associated with the presence of accretion columns and hot spots, respectively. We focus here on the pulse-phase resolved polarimetric analysis and find that the observed dependencies of the polarization degree and polarization angle (PA) on pulse phase are indeed drastically different for the two observations. The observed differences, if interpreted within the framework of the rotating vector model (RVM), imply dramatic variations of the spin axis inclination and the position angle and the magnetic colatitude by tens of degrees within just a few days separating the observations. We suggest that the apparent changes in the observed PA phase dependence are predominantly related to the presence of a polarized unpulsed component in addition to the polarized radiation associated with the pulsar itself. We show that the observed PA phase dependence in both observations can then be explained with a single set of RVM parameters defining the pulsar's geometry. We also suggest that the additional polarized component is likely produced by scattering of the pulsar radiation off the equatorial disk wind.The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint
US and Italian mission. The US contribution is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and led and managed by its Marshall
Space Flight Center (MSFC), with industry partner Ball Aerospace (contract
NNM15AA18C). The Italian contribution is supported by the Italian Space
Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, ASI) through contract ASI-OHBI-2017-12-I.0,
agreements ASI-INAF-2017-12-H0 and ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0, and its Space
Science Data Center (SSDC) with agreements ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0 and
ASI-INFN 2021-43-HH.0, and by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. This research used
data products provided by the IXPE Team (MSFC, SSDC, INAF, and INFN)
and distributed with additional software tools by the High-Energy Astrophysics
Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), at NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center (GSFC). We acknowledge support from the German Academic Exchange
Service (DAAD) travel grant 57525212 (VD, VFS), the Academy of Finland
grants 333112, 349144, 349373, and 349906 (JP, SST, SVF), the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Space
Agency (JH), the Väisälä Foundation (SST), UKRI Stephen Hawking fellowship
(AAM), the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant WE 1312/59-1 (VFS), the
Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Foundation, and Suomen Kulttuurirahasto (VK).https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.0211
Natriuretic peptide receptors regulate cytoprotective effects in an ex vivo human 3D/bioreactor model
No full textIntroductionThe present study examined the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and biomechanical signals on anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs.MethodsNatriuretic peptide (Npr) 2 and 3 expression were compared in non-diseased (grade 0/1) and diseased (grade IV) human cartilage by immunofluoresence microscopy and western blotting. In separate experiments, constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to dynamic compression with CNP, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the Npr2 antagonist P19 or the Npr3 agonist cANF4-23. Nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and CNP concentration were quantified using biochemical assays. Gene expression of Npr2, Npr3, CNP, aggrecan and collagen type II were assessed by real-time qPCR. Two-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe present study demonstrates increased expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in diseased or older cartilage (age 70) when compared to non-diseased tissue (age 60) which showed minimal expression. There was strong parallelism in the actions of CNP on cGMP induction resulting in enhanced GAG synthesis and reduction of NO and PGE2 release induced by IL-1β. Inhibition of Npr2 with P19 maintained catabolic activities whilst specific agonism of Npr3 with cANF4-23 had the opposite effect and reduced NO and PGE2 release. Co-stimulation with CNP and dynamic compression enhanced anabolic activities and inhibited catabolic effects induced by IL-1β. The presence of CNP and the Npr2 antagonist abolished the anabolic response to mechanical loading and prevented loading-induced inhibition of NO and PGE2 release. In contrast, the presence of the Npr3 agonist had the opposite effect and increased GAG synthesis and cGMP levels in response to mechanical loading and reduced NO and PGE2 release comparable to control samples. In addition, CNP concentration and natriuretic peptide receptor expression were increased with dynamic compression.ConclusionsMechanical loading mediates endogenous CNP release leading to increased natriuretic peptide signalling. The loading-induced CNP/Npr2/cGMP signalling route mediates anabolic events and prevents catabolic activities induced by IL-1β. The CNP pathway therefore represents a potentially chondroprotective intervention for patients with OA, particularly when combined with physiotherapeutic approaches to stimulate biomechanical signals.<br/
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