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Rappresentazione cartografica e sue innovazioni per lo studio dello sviluppo di insediamenti produttivi
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Efficacy of topology scaling for temperature and latency constrained embedded convnets
Full text linkEmbedded Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) are driving the evolution of ubiquitous systems that can sense and understand the environment autonomously. Due to their high complexity, aggressive compression is needed to meet the specifications of portable end-nodes. A variety of algorithmic optimizations are available today, from custom quantization and filter pruning to modular topology scaling, which enable fine-tuning of the hyperparameters and the right balance between quality, performance and resource usage. Nonetheless, the implementation of systems capable of sustaining continuous inference over a long period is still a primary source of concern since the limited thermal design power of general-purpose embedded CPUs prevents execution at maximum speed. Neglecting this aspect may result in substantial mismatches and the violation of the design constraints. The objective of this work was to assess topology scaling as a design knob to control the performance and the thermal stability of inference engines for image classification. To this aim, we built a characterization framework to inspect both the functional (accuracy) and non-functional (latency and temperature) metrics of two ConvNet models, MobileNet and MnasNet, ported onto a commercial low-power CPU, the ARM Cortex-A15. Our investigation reveals that different latency constraints can be met even under continuous inference, yet with a severe accuracy penalty forced by thermal constraints. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate that thermal behavior does not benefit from topology scaling as the on-chip temperature still reaches critical values affecting reliability and user satisfaction
La musica sacra come attrattiva per nobili di passaggio e “forastieri” nella Milano del Settecento
No full textNel panorama musicale milanese settecentesco la musica sacra occupa, insieme all’autoctono genere della Sinfonia, un posto di primaria importanza. La classe dirigente cittadina organizzava sfarzose esecuzioni musicali nelle chiese in occasione di visite di governanti, eredi al trono o dignitari ecclesiastici. La musica sacra costituiva poi una attrattiva turistica per i moltissimi forastieri che transitavano per Milano; al fine di informarli in merito alle esecuzioni musicali nelle chiese venivano stampati appositi almanacchi, fonti di preziose informazioni anche per i moderni studiosi
Inference on the Edge: Performance Analysis of an Image Classification Task Using Off-The-Shelf CPUs and Open-Source ConvNets
Full text linkThe portability of Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) on the mobile edge of the Internet has proven extremely challenging. Embedded CPUs commonly adopted on portable devices were designed and optimized for different kinds of applications, hence they suffer high latency when dealing with the parallel workload of ConvNets. Reduction techniques playing at the algorithmic level are viable options to improve performance, e.g. topology optimization using alternative forms of convolution and arithmetic relaxation via fixed-point quantization. However, their efficacy is hardware sensitive. This paper provides an overview of these issues using as a case study an image classification task implemented through open-source resources, namely different architectures of MobileNet (vl), scaled, trained and quantized for the ImageNet dataset. In this work, we quantify the accuracy-performance trade-off on a commercial board hosting an ARM Cortex-A big. LITTLE system-on-chip. Experimental results reveal mismatches which arise from the hardware
Implementing Adaptive Voltage Over-Scaling: Algorithmic Noise Tolerance vs. Approximate Error Detection
Full text linkAdaptive Voltage Over-Scaling can be applied at run-time to reach the best tradeoff between quality of results and energy consumption. This strategy encompasses the concept of timing speculation through some level of approximation. How and on which part of the circuit to implement such approximation is an open issue. This work introduces a quantitative comparison between two complementary strategies: Algorithmic Noise Tolerance and Approximate Error Detection. The first implements a timing speculation by means approximate computing, while the latter exploits a more sophisticated approach that is based on the approximation of the error detection mechanism. The aim of this study was to provide both a qualitative and quantitative analysis on two real-life digital circuits mapped onto a state-of-the-art 28-nm CMOS technology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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