1,721,077 research outputs found
Phytophthora cactorum-strawberry interaction system: characterization of a novel pathogen-secreted protein causing host cultured cell death
No full textPurification and molecular characterization of a novel protein factor from Phytophthora cactorum causing toxicity in plant
No full textFondamenti dell'indipendenza delle banche centrali in una società democratica
No full textIl saggio esamina l'evoluzione del concetto di indipendenza delle banche centrali a partire dalla crisi del 1929 ad oggi. Sono distinti i diversi significati del concetto di indipendenza mostrando come le moderne analisi economiche ritengano necessario attribuire alle autorità monetarie una forma di indipendenza diversa da quelle attribuita nelle esperienze passate, che pone un problema di conciliabilità con i principi della democrazia rappresentativa. Il lavoro, oltre a mettere in evidenza i limiti delle recenti analisi dell'indipendenza delle banche centrali, chiarisce i motivi per cui si debba parlare di una contraddizione apparente, e non effettiva, tra indipendenza e democrazia
Le concezioni dello sviluppo come obiettivi delle comunità
No full textIl saggio mette a confronto due approcci ai problemi dello sviluppo tradizionalmente presenti nella letteratura economica. Da una parte un approccio evoluzionista in termini di "causazione cumulativa" che porta a integrare i fenomeni economici e quelli sociali, mostrando che lo sviluppo economico tende a concentrarsi in certe aree geografiche a danno di altre. Dall'altra un approccio in termini di equilibrio che porta a privilegiare la tendenza alla convergenza delle diverse economie. Il saggio descrive diversi aspetti analitici e metodologici delle due visioni
Indipendenza delle banche centrali e democrazia: alcune riflessioni
No full textIl saggio esamina i diversi significati che l'espressione indipendenza delle banche centrali può assumere e che ha assunto nella letteratura con il passar del tempo. Esso fa riferimento a recenti lavori comuni di scienzati politici ed economisti che hanno fondato la necessità di una banca centrale indipendente su quella di avere un'istituzione che fissa le regole del gioco e che si ain grado di chiarire quali interventi di politica monetaria abbiano un contenuto tecnico e quali abbiano invece un contenuto politico-redistributivo
Inflation, Central Bank Independence and Corporatism: An Empirical Test
No full textIn this paper, controlling for several macroeconomic factors, we test the hypothesis that central bank independence is closely correlated with the level of social consensus and cooperation on income distribution. Using data from a panel of OECD countries over period 1972-2002, we find evidence in favour of this hypothesis. When one allows for the degree of social consensus and cooperation on income distribution, as in Tarantelli’s (1986) index of corporatism, the relationship between inflation and CBI weakens in the presence of indicators of corporatism. Interestingly, this relationship does not weaken if allowance is made for indicators of corporatism placing much greater weight on the centralisation of unions or of wage bargaining than on the degree of consensus
Central Bank Independence and Democracy: Does Corporatism Matter?
No full textIn this paper we test the hypothesis that central bank independence is closely correlated to social agreement about decisions on income distribution. Using data from a panel of OECD countries over the period 1972-2002 and controlling for several macroeconomic factors, we find evidence in favour of this hypothesis. When some indexes of corporatism are used to allow for the degree of social agreement on income distribution and its determination, the relationship between inflation and CBI weakens considerably. This evidence is consistent with the mechanism posited in Pittaluga - Cama (2004) according to which society formally endows the central bank with independence in order to safeguard a key principle of democracy, namely that decision-makers should be clearly responsible for their choices and actions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Central bank independence and democracy: a historical perspective
No full textThe paper describes the historical evolution of the notion of central bank's indipendence, underlining the differences between the traditional positions and those recently proposed by the New Classical and New Keynesian Economics. It points out the existence of a possible contraddiction between the forms of independence suggested by the recent literature and the principle of representative democracy, arguing that there are ways to avoid the emergence of this contraddiction
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