1,722,634 research outputs found
Poverty-reducing or Poverty-inducing? A CGE-based Analysis of Foreign Capital Inflows in Pakistan
Get PDFForeign capital inflows (FKI) help an economy by financing the imbalance between income and expenditure. However, their impact on poverty in the recipient economy is a controversial issue. In this study, we examine the impact on poverty in two different scenarios: (1) labour is homogeneous; (2) labour is heterogeneous. The Computable General Equilibrium model for Pakistan is used to conduct simulations in order to assess the impact of an increase in foreign capital on poverty both in the presence and in the absence of trade liberalisation. Several interesting results emerge from the study. First, FKI tends to reduce poverty in the presence as well as in the absence of trade liberalisation when labour is homogeneous. However, poverty reduction appears to be larger in the presence of trade liberalisation. Second, when labour is differentiated according to qualification and is assumed to be sector-specific, in the absence of trade liberalisation a higher proportion of benefits of FKI accrue to skilled labour and poverty increases by all measures for both urban and rural households. In the presence of trade liberalisation, FKI benefits unskilled labour more, and poverty is decreased irrespective of the choice of poverty indicators.Capital inflow; Poverty; Pakistan
Poverty-reducing or Poverty-inducing? A CGE-based Analysis of Foreign Capital Inflows in Pakistan
Get PDFForeign capital inflows (FKI) help an economy by financing the imbalance between income and expenditure. However, their impact on poverty in the recipient economy is a controversial issue. In this study, we examine the impact on poverty in two different scenarios (1) labour is homogeneous (2) labour is heterogeneous. The Computable General Equilibrium model for Pakistan is used to conduct simulations in order to assess the impact of an increase in foreign capital on poverty both in the presence and in the absence of trade liberalisation. Several interesting results emerge from the study. First, FKI tends to reduce poverty in the presence as well as in the absence of trade liberalisation when labour is homogeneous. However, poverty reduction appears to be larger in the presence of trade liberalisation. Second, when labour is differentiated according to qualification and is assumed to be sector-specific, in the absence of trade liberalisation a higher proportion of benefits of FKI accrue to skilled labour and poverty increases by all measures for both urban and rural households. In the presence of trade liberalisation, FKI benefits unskilled labour more, and poverty is decreased irrespective of the choice of poverty indicatorsCapital inflow, Poverty, Pakistan
Dynamic Effects of Agriculture Trade in the Context of Domestic and Global Liberalisation : A CGE Analysis for Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper studies dynamic effects of agriculture trade in the context of domestic and global liberalisation. Being the largest sector of the economy, the agriculture sector contributes substantially to the growth process. Using a small CGE model for Pakistan and a 2002 Pakistan Social Accounting Matrix as data base, the simulations are conducted to measure the effects of domestic agriculture trade liberalisation in isolation and in conjunction with changes in the world economy. The novelty of this paper is that it introduces dynamics in the Pakistani CGE model through capital accumulation. The results illuminate the greater effectiveness of agriculture trade liberalisation in promoting the overall growth process, given increased market access because of liberalisation in the world economy.international trade, Growth, Dynamic CGE
An Unusual Case of Interstitial Lung Disease as the Primary Presentation of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease in a Child with Sickle Cell Disease
No full textLovre My / Siti Noor Rizwana M. Jeffri
Get PDFThis portfolio is used to keep track of and report on the social media business task assigned as part of the ENT530 prerequisite. The social media portfolio itself is a task that requires students to write and run their own company. The LOVRE MY's development and upkeep are documented in this portfolio. Go E-Commerce is created for the business to be appropriately legally registered for the first section of the portfolio. Furthermore, the main objective is to achieve the business with various offers of clothing that are specialized for women.
The items such as the company's name and address, the organizational chart, the purpose and goal, the product description, and the price list are elaborated in the introduction part. Aside from that, the section for constructing "Facebook Pages" shows the layout of a Facebook Page and the information displayed on it. Meanwhile, the number of likes for Facebook Pages and the custom Facebook Page URL are displayed in the 'Custom URL Facebook Page' area.
Additionally, the screen captures of the teaser and copywriting post is shown in the following three sections. The post is divided into two categories which are a hard sell and soft sell. On the other hand, Facebook is the brand's first social media account. Facebook, one of the social media accounts created on May 20th, 2020, and the team quickly began posting, beginning with teasers, and progressing to hard sell and copy sell postings. All postings are designed to incorporate appealing pictures that will aid in the sale of the merchandise.
Nonetheless, all our items are manufactured with premium and high-quality materials, their pricing may be on the higher end for some, but we try to keep them as low as possible. Our main goal with our sleepwear is to make it comfortable for the wearer while also making it fashionable. We received many orders before the end of June 2021, not only from inside our target demographic (middle-class employed women) but also from outside the client sector (students). Therefore, we hoped to have international sales and a name for the brand among international audiences by the end of the year
Fig. 2. Lecaimmeria pakistanica K.Habib, R in Lecaimmeria pakistanica, a new lichen from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
No full textFig. 2. Lecaimmeria pakistanica K.Habib, R.Zulfiqar & Khalid sp. nov. A. Areolate thallus. B. Wet thallus. C. Apothecia and areoles. D. Section of areole. E. Section of apothecium. F. Asci. G. Ascospores.Published as part of Habib, Kamran, Zulfiqar, Rizwana & Khalid, Abdul Nasir, 2022, Lecaimmeria pakistanica, a new lichen from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, pp. 94-101 in European Journal of Taxonomy 834 on page 98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1901, http://zenodo.org/record/701051
Dynamic Effects of Agriculture Trade in the Context of Domestic and Global Liberalisation: A CGE Analysis for Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper studies dynamic effects of agriculture trade in the context of domestic and global liberalisation. Being the largest sector of the economy, the agriculture sector contributes substantially to the growth process. Using a small CGE model for Pakistan and a 2002 Pakistan Social Accounting Matrix as data base, the simulations are conducted to measure the effects of domestic agriculture trade liberalisation in isolation and in conjunction with changes in the world economy. The novelty of this paper is that it introduces dynamics in the Pakistani CGE model through capital accumulation. The results illuminate the greater effectiveness of agriculture trade liberalisation in promoting the overall growth process, given increased market access because of liberalisation in the world economy.International Trade, Growth, Dynamic CGE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
