1,721,149 research outputs found
Un petit boeuf médiéval identifié dans un silo
No full textRenaud Audrey, Rivals Florent. Un petit boeuf médiéval identifié dans un silo. In: Archéologie du Midi médiéval. Tome 25, 2007. pp. 181-187
Neanderthals’ hunting seasonality inferred from combined cementochronology, mesowear and microwear analysis : case studies from the alpine foreland in Italy
No full textHerbivore teeth are a valuable source of information for inferring the hunting season of past hunter-gatherers, the spatial–temporal organization of their activities, their socio-economic organization, and their adaptation to the seasonal fluctuation of the resources. Numberless of studies have been conducted on Neanderthals across Eurasia, but only few of them rely on the application of cementochronology and tooth wear analyses combined to obtain information about the ungulate paleodiet, paleoenvironments, and the time range of the mortality events. In this study, we present the results achieved though the combination of these two high-resolution techniques applied to large and medium-sized herbivore teeth yielded by two Middle Paleolithic sites in the north-east of Italy. We combined the two methodologies with the aim to overcome any possible lack of information, due to the use of a single method. This study addressed to analyze the material coming from two caves in the Venetian region, De Nadale and San Bernardino, and to produce data supporting the interpretation of the origin of the two archaeofaunal assemblages as a result of seasonal hunting events that took place mainly in winter. In this specific geographic and environmental context, our data gain a better understanding of Neanderthal subsistence strategies and occupational patterns
MicrowearBivaR: a code to create tooth microwear bivariate plots in R
No full text<p><strong>MicrowearBivaR was written to create tooth microwear bivariate plots in R</strong></p>
<p>The data are organised in two Excel spreadsheets, one with the extant ungulate species used to draw the 95% confidence ellipses (ExtantUngulates.xlsx) and one with the data to be plotted (here Example.xlsx).</p>
<p>The dataset should be organised in 3 columns and for each specimen:<br>
- SPID: Sample ID (species, localities, levels, etc)<br>
- Npit: Number of pits<br>
- Nscr: Number of scratches</p>
<p>The code produce a bivariate plot with the 95% ellipses for extant browsers and grazers, and the fossil samples with the standard error. For the extant ungulates, dots and labels for each modern species can be added by removing '#' in two lines of the code.</p>
Dietary traits and habitats of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) during the Late Glacial of Northern Europe
No full textRaw microwear and mesowear data for the Late Glacial reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Verberie, Meiendorf and Stellmoor.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The use of plants by Neanderthals as food, medicine, and raw materials
No full textNeanderthals ate plants, they self-medicated using a range of medicinal plants, and they used complex material processing methods to construct composite objects with plant materials. While the evidence for the consumption of plants as food, medicine, and raw materials by Neanderthals is not abundant, by using a combination of direct and indirect methods, including recovery and analysis of macrobotanical and microfossil remains, biomolecular and genetic evidence and use wear patterns on teeth and tools, reconstruction of the basic premises of their plant use can be partially reconstructed. This provides nuanced insights into their cognitive and technological abilities and the deep ecological knowledge that was the foundation of their existence
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Husbandry practices in the Empordà and Languedoc in the Iron Age : zooarchaeology, animal diet and seasonality
No full textLos sociétés de la région de l’Empordà et du Languedoc à l’âge du Fer subissent une série de transformations progressives affectant leur structure économique, sociale et politique. Plusieurs indices suggèrent le développement d’une hiérarchisation marquée, d’une société plus inégalitaire, de tensions entre les élites indigènes et d’une économie consacrée à la production agricole. Toutefois, l’impact de l’ensemble de ces phénomènes sur les pratiques d’élevages n’est pas encore complètement compris. Dans ce travail nous proposons l’étude archéozoologique dite classique, l’étude de l’alimentation animale et de la saisonnalité des pratiques pastorales d’un corpus de cinq sites (Ullastret, Empúries, Cayla de Mailhac, la Ramasse et Lattara) de la fin du premier âge du Fer (550-450 av. n. è.) et du début du second âge du Fer (450-325 av. n. è.). Les résultats obtenus par le biais de ces approches permettent d’apporter des éléments inédits de compréhension de l’impact du contexte historique sur l’élevage. Grâce à la combinaison de ces techniques, on a pu soutenir l’hypothèse de la présence d’un élevage local, probablement de type autarcique, et du pâturage dans le milieu proche des sites. En plus, probablement dû à la pression exercée par l’agriculture sur l’élevage, les bergers ont été contraints à conduire les caprinés (moutons et chèvres) dans des aires plus marginales et moins adaptées à l’agriculture. Face à la possible malnutrition des caprinés, ils auraient bénéficié de compléments nutritionnels. Quant à la saisonnalité des pratiques pastorales, il a été possible de constater des rythmes d’abattages selon les besoins alimentaires de la communauté, mais aussi selon les conditions environnementales et/ou climatiques. Globalement, les stratégies d’élevage ont dû s’adapter à une série de contraintes imposées par le contexte historique. Ces constatations témoignent de bonnes connaissances biologiques, d’une maîtrise des techniques et de pratiques d’élevage qui se sont adaptées aux conditions environnementales et à la situation socio-économique à l’âge du Fer.The societies living in the region of Empordà and Languedoc during the Iron Age have undergone a series of progressive transformations affecting their economic, social and political structure. Several archaeological evidences suggest the development of an increase of social differentiation, tensions between indigenous elites and an economy devoted to agricultural production. However, the impact of these phenomena over animal husbandry is not completely understood. In this work we propose the study of ‘classical’ zooarchaeology, the analysis of animal diet and the seasonality of pastoral practices on a corpus of five sites (Ullastret, Empúries, Cayla de Mailhac, la Ramasse and Lattara) from the end of the First Iron Age (550-450 BCE) to the beginning of the Second Iron Age (450-325 BCE). The results obtained through these approaches have provided new insights to better understand the impact of the historical context on animal husbandry. The combination of these techniques made possible to support the presence of a local breeding of livestock, probably self-sufficient, and livestock grazing in the environment close to the sites. In addition, probably due to the pressure of agriculture on livestock, shepherds have been forced to lead caprines (sheep and goats) to more marginal areas and less suitable for agriculture. In relation to the possible malnutrition of caprines, they would have benefited from additional supplies of fodder. As for the seasonality of pastoral practices, it was possible to observe slaughter rates according to the food needs of the community, but also according to environmental and/or climatic conditions. Overall, animal husbandry has had to adapt to a series of constraints imposed by the historical context. These findings testify a good biological knowledge, mastery of techniques and husbandry practices that have been adapted to the environmental and socio-economic conditions during the Iron Age
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