1,720,957 research outputs found
Kartini Masa Kini; Perempuan Tangguh di Era Digital
Terpenjara itu kata yang tepat untuk menggambarkan kehidupan wanita di era Kartini di jaman penjajahan Belanda. Tidak hanya badan tapi juga pikiran, bahkan kehidupan mereka. Perempuan, begitu akil baligh mereka harus tinggal di rumah untuk dipingit. Perempuan tidak perlu punya cita-cita yang tinggi. ,tak perlu pergi kemana-mana untuk menuntut ilmu. Tak perlu sekolah .Perempuan hanya diajarkan ilmu tata krama kepada keluarga dan masyarakat dan ilmu seluas rumah. Perempuan tidak boleh menjabat dalam pemerintahan, apapun jabatan itu. Jabatan yang boleh buat mereka hanya sebagai istri mendampingi suami. Swarga nunut, neraka katut. Raden Ajeng Kartini lahir 21 April 1879 di Rembang Jepara.adalah seorang perempuan bangsawan, sampai berusia 12 tahun Kartini diperbolehkan mengenyam pendidikan bahasa di ELS (Europe Lagere School), termasuk di dalamnya bahasa Belanda. Di usia itupun Kartini di pingit. Semangat kuat untuk belajar tetap bergelora pada anak gadis yang menginjak remaja itu, Kartini di rumah memanfaatkan waktunya untuk belajar sendiri. Tak kehilangan akal, ia memperdalam bahasa Belanda dengan cara menulis surat kepada teman-temannya yang berasal dari Belanda. Ia berkorespondensi dengan mereka. Salah satunya adalah Rosa Abendanon. Teman Kartini inilah yang selalu menyemangati dan memberi dukungan pada Kartini. Habis Gelap terbitlah Terang adalah buku yang memberikan wawasan bagi kaum perempuan. Semangat Kartini terus hidup sampai sekarang. Ia meninggalkan semangat kesetaraan perempuan di hadapan laki-laki. Saat ini masyarakat tidak lagi memandang perempuan terkekang di dalam rumah. Saat ini sebagaimana kaum laki-laki, perempuan Indonesia mempunyai kesempatan yang sama di bidang sosial, ekonomi, hukum dan politik. Perempuan Indonesia boleh menuntut ilmu setinggi yang ia bisa raih, perempuan boleh mencari pasangannya tanpa dipaksa oleh orangtuanya, perempuan boleh menjadi polisi, jaksa, dan hakim. Perempuan bisa menjadi guru, manajer, direktur. Perempuan boleh menduduki jabatan kepemimpinan di dari jabatan lurah, camat, bupati, gubernur, menteri, wakil presiden, bahkan presiden. Dalam hal pekerjaan, perempuan boleh sama seperti kaum lelaki
Dra. Nyi Hj. Hayati Nufus: Pendiri 'Aisyiyah dan Gedung Dakwah Muhammadiyah Banten
Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan perjuangan wanita yang gigih dan pantang menyerah, yaitu Dra. Nyi Hj. Hayati Nufus. Lingkungan tradisi pesantren dan kondisi sosial yatim piatunya, melatarbelakangi perjuangan beliau untuk terus belajar dan gapai cita-citanya untuk kemajuan wanita Banten. Menurut beliau, “wanita bukan hanya jumlahnya yang lebih besar dari laki-laki, tetapi juga menduduki posisi dan peran yang sangat penting dan strategis di dalam membangun bangsa”. Apa yang sesungguhnya yang diperjuangkan oleh Dra. Nyi Hj. Hayati Nufus di Banten untuk kemajuan wanita? Dengan metode wawancara dan metode deskripsi, dijelaskan bahwa sesungguhnya perjuangan beliau adalah mendirikan organisasi pergerakan wanita ‘Aisyiyah, AKBID ‘Aisyiyah, dan Gedung Dakwah Muhammadiyah. Tak hanya itu, beliau juga pelopor majelis taklim wanita di beberapa tempat di wilayah Banten. Itulah perjuangannya untuk kemajuan wanita
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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