3,921 research outputs found
A luta contra a corrupção: estado da arte e perspectivas de análise - Corruption and how to fight it: state of the art and analysis perspectives
No full textCorruption as an object of study in the Social Sciences has recently shown a significant growth, contributing to diversify empirical objects as well as theoretical and methodological tools. A brief review of scientific production in the last decades indicates a renewal and expansion of research.3 The increase in production results, on the one hand, from the disclosure of major scandals involving cases of corruption, thus allowing media and public opinion attention to be drawn to the problem. On the other hand, it results from theoretical and methodological challenges that contribute to its understanding, since it is a phenomenon difficult to conceptualize and observe, even if we adopt different disciplinary lens. Despite the constant efforts of a growing group of researchers, there is no general consensus on any broad and shared definition of what corruption is. We could even agree on the Transparency International’s statement that corruption is “an abuse of entrusted power for private gain”, which has been adopted in the methodology for the elaboration of the Corruption Perception Index, aimed at an international comparison on its diffusion.4Nevertheless, as soon as we “unpack” different analytical notions of what can be considered as abuse, to entrust, power, private (versus public), and gain, we are forced to admit that both analytical intension and empirical extension of the concept of corruption may vary largely, depending on approaches and research objects
Influência da condição ecológica dos rios sobre as alterações nos parâmetros físico-químicos ao longo dos rios
No full textDissertação de mestrado em EcologyRivers supports key ecological processes and provides essential benefits to human welfare. Humans have
been changing river processes and services by changing riparian land cover, river hydromorphology and by
discharging pollutants on rivers. Excessive nutrient loadings have been severely impacting river processes and
services, so improve the river capacity to buffer excessive nutrient loadings is determinant to human well-being by
reducing the impact of pollutant discharges.
To assess the influence of river water chemistry and hydromorphology on changes in physico-chemical
water parameters along rivers, six river segments with different trophic status and channel width were selected in
the Ave River watershed (northwestern Portugal). The influence of riparian land cover on river habitat quality and
physico-chemical water parameters was assessed by dividing each river segment in stretches based on land cover
type, and then comparing habitat quality and changes in physico-chemical water parameters along rivers, among
stretches. River segments were classified as mesotrophic (S1-S4), eutrophic (S5) and large (S6), and stretches from
each river segment type were analyzed independently. The habitat quality was evaluated using the Fluvial Functional
Index (FFI), the HABSCORE (RBP) and the Riparian Forest Quality Index (QBR). Changes in physico-chemical water
parameters along rivers were determined measuring differences in ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and oxygen
concentrations, and conductivity, pH and temperature between the two sampling sites defining each stretch.
Results demonstrated that stretches with more urban and agricultural land use had worse habitat quality
than stretches with more natural land cover, regardless river segment type. Nitrate and phosphate concentration
tended to increase along stretches with more agricultural and urban land use, but to decrease along stretches with
more natural land cover, in all river segment type. Nitrate concentration decreased more along stretches with higher
concentrations of nitrate and greater abundance of macrophytes, suggesting that river water chemistry and
photosynthetic organisms have a strong influence on nitrate concentration in rivers.
Overall results demonstrated that i) the conversion of natural riparian areas to human land use can degrade
river habitat quality and increase nutrient concentrations in rivers, with consequences for river ecosystem services
and their economic value, and ii) changes in physico-chemical water parameters along rivers can be related to water
chemistry, biota and hydromorphology of rivers.Os rios suportam processos ecológicos chave e fornecem benefícios essenciais para o bem-estar humano.
Os seres humanos têm vindo a alterar os processos e os serviços que os rios providenciam ao alterarem a
cobertura do solo ripário, a hidromorfologia dos rios e por descarregarem poluentes nos rios. Cargas excessivas de
nutrientes têm vindo a afectar severamente os processos e os serviços fornecidos pelos rios, pelo que melhorar a
capacidade dos rios de moderar o excesso de nutrientes é determinante para o bem-estar humano ao reduzir os
impactos das descargas de poluentes.
Para avaliar a influência da composição química da água e da hidromorfologia dos rios nas alterações dos
parâmetros físico-químicos da água ao longo dos rios, seis segmentos de rio com diferentes estados tróficos e
largura de canal foram seleccionados na bacia do Rio Ave (noroeste de Portugal). O efeito da cobertura do solo
ripário sobre a qualidade do habitat e os parâmetros físico-químicos da água do rio foi avaliado dividindo cada
segmento de rio em trechos de acordo com o tipo de cobertura de solo, e, posteriormente, comparando a qualidade
do habitat e as alterações nos parâmetros físico-químicos da água ao longo dos rios, entre trechos. Os segmentos
de rio foram classificados em mesotróficos (S1-S4), eutrófico (S5) e largo (S6), e os trechos de cada tipo de
segmento de rio foram analisados de forma independente. A qualidade do habitat foi avaliada utilizando o Fluvial
Functional Index (FFI), o HABSCORE (RBP) e o Riparian Forest Quality Index (QBR). As alterações nos parâmetros
físico-químicos da água ao longo dos rios foram determinadas medindo as diferenças na concentração de amónia,
nitrato, fosfato e oxigénio e na conductividade, pH e temperatura entre os dois locais de amostragem que definiam
cada trecho.
Os resultados mostraram que os trechos com mais uso de solo urbano e agrícola tinham pior qualidade de
habitat do que os trechos com mais cobertura de solo natural, independentemente do tipo de segmento de rio. As
concentrações de nitrato e fosfato tenderam a aumentar ao longo de trechos com maior ocupação de solo agrícola
e urbana, mas a diminuir ao longo de trechos com maior ocupação natural, em todo o tipo de segmentos de rio. A
concentração de nitrato diminuiu mais ao longo de trechos com concentrações mais elevadas de nitrato e maior
abundância de macrófitas, sugerindo que a composição química da água dos rios e os organismos fotossintéticos
têm uma forte influência sobre a concentração de nitrato nos rios.
No seu conjunto, os resultados mostraram que i) a conversão de áreas ripícolas naturais para usos de solo
humano pode degradar a qualidade do habitat dos rios e aumentar a carga de nutrientes, com consequências para
os serviços de ecossistemas de rio e o seu valor económico, e que ii) as alterações nos parâmetros físico-químicos
da água ao longo dos rios podem estar relacionadas com a composição química da água, as comunidades
biológicas e a hidromorfologia dos rios
'To Save Them from the Dangers to their Faith’: Documenting Student Life at Catholic Women's Colleges
No full textThis article focuses on student life at Catholic women's colleges in the United States during the 20th century. These colleges helped acculturate many daughters of immigrants to middle-class American society, at the same time creating a specifically female and Catholic culture on college campuses. This evolving culture, which was characterized by the ideals of femininity, religion, and service, can be reconstructed through documentation from the college archives.Peer reviewe
‘A Well-Balanced Education’: Catholic Women’s Colleges in New Jersey, 1900-1970
No full textBy examining Catholic women's colleges in New Jersey during the period 1900-1970, this paper illustrates the complexity of developing a typology of Catholic women's colleges in the United States. The first Catholic women's college in New Jersey, College of Saint Elizabeth was established in 1899 by the Sisters of Charity; followed by Mount St. Mary's, later known as Georgian Court College, in 1908; Caldwell College in 1939; and Felician, originally a junior college, in 1967. Earlier typologies of Catholic women's colleges have divided them into elite liberal arts institutions and local, vocationally-oriented colleges which served the working and lower-middle-class daughters of immigrants. Using college catalogs and yearbooks from the four New Jersey colleges, this study compiles data on curriculum, the education of faculty, college costs, and student origins, and compares it to similar data from two elite colleges, Trinity in Washington, D.C. and Manhattanville in Purchase, New York. In spite of some pressure to offer vocational courses and the challenge of giving women religious faculty members the opportunity to pursue doctoral degrees, during this period New Jersey's Catholic women's colleges provided a Catholic liberal arts education for white middle-class women not unlike that offered at better known and more prestigious colleges. Only after 1970 did social and demographic changes begin to have an impact on the curriculum and student population of this sector of Catholic higher education.Peer reviewe
Gone and Forgotten? New Jersey's Catholic Junior Colleges
No full textIn the late 1960s, New Jersey had eleven seemingly-thriving Catholic junior colleges; by the mid-1970s, all but one of these colleges had closed. This article analyzes why these institutions appeared and disappeared so quickly, and explores what contribution they made to Catholic higher education. While private junior colleges declined throughout the U.S. during this period, in some respects the situation of New Jersey was unique. Research suggests that the greatest contribution these short-lived institutions made was to the education of women religious.Peer reviewe
Vanished Worlds: Searching for the Records of Closed Catholic Women’s Colleges
No full textThis article presents the results of a survey of the archives of 36 Roman Catholic women's colleges that have closed or merged with other institutions since 1967. The majority of these archives are held by the women's religious communities that originally sponsored the colleges, although about one third are held by universities. These archives are rich resources on the history of women, education, religion, and culture that to some degree have been neglected by scholars who have focused on the history of colleges that are still open. As well as suggesting avenues for future research, this article contributes to the literature on how archives can cope with the voluminous records of twentieth-century institutions, and to emerging scholarship on the relationship of archives and memory. The survey upon which it is based revealed certain limitations on preservation, access, and use of these archives, so the article concludes with recommendations on how to make them more visible.Peer reviewe
Women Academics in England, 1870-1930
No full textBased on the author's dissertation, this article traces the development of the academic profession for women in England in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focusing on women at Oxford, Cambridge and London universities. Unlike in the United States, where women's role in higher education expanded and then retracted during this period, British women slowly and steadily made inroads into this male-dominated profession.Peer reviewe
Catholic Women’s Colleges in the United States: An Archival, Bibliographic and Historical Survey
No full textBrief history of Catholic women's colleges in the United States and bibliographic essay on published and archival sources
A dança magnífica de Fernanda Botelho
No full textFernanda Botelho publicou em Gritos da Minha Dança uma série de textos inéditos de variada tipologia. Não se trata, no entanto, de uma colectânea informe, porque, rendibilizando, de forma magnífica, os processos de fragmentação textual, a escritora alcança uma totalidade pulverizada, em perfeita harmonia com a experiência humana que subjaz ao livro.In Gritos da Minha Dança, Fernanda Botelho has gathered a collection of unpublished texts pertaining to distinct literary genres. We are not dealing, however, with an
unstructured collection since, by masterfully taking advantage of procedures
encompassed in textual fragmentation, the author attains a scattered wholeness in tune
with the human experience imbedded in the book.publishe
Female portraits in Fernanda Botelho’s fictional cycle: narratives voices and melancholy atmosphere
No full textFernanda Botelho (1926–2007) é autora de uma obra ficcional marcada pela originalidade em vários aspectos, que se estende por cerca de meio século, embora se conta entre as escritores contemporâneas injustamente esquecidas. No ciclo ficcional de Fernanda Botelho da década de 1990, dotado de afinidades diversas – Festa em Casa de Flores (1990), Dramaticamente vestida de negro (1994) e As Contadoras de histórias (1998) –, a escritora detém-se na análise de significativa galeria de figuras femininas e em algumas das questões envolventes, num quotidiano dominado por uma banalidade inquietante: ponto de vista e consciência crítica; psicologia e identidade; relações interpessoais e condição social; sentimentos de angústia e papel da memória; ambiguidade e inconformismo ético-social; manifestações de humor e de ironia.Fernanda Botelho (1926–2007) is the author of a fictional work marked by originality in many respects, which spans about half a century, although it is among the unjustly forgotten contemporary writers. In Fernanda Botelho’s fictional cycle of the 1990s, endowed with different affinities – Festa em Casa de Flores (1990), Dramaticamente vestida de negro (1994) and As Contadoras de histórias (1998) –, the writer focuses on the analysis of significant gallery of female figures and some of the surrounding issues, in a daily life dominated by a disturbing banality: point of view and critical awareness; psychology and identity; interpersonal relationships and social condition; feelings of anguish and role of memory; ambiguity and ethical-social non-conformism; manifestations of humor and irony.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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