1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mechanisms of Improving Collateral Blood Flow During Ischemic Stroke
Get PDFUndergraduate Scholarship Competitions Administered by the ASC Honors ProgramMore than 795,000 Americans suffer a stroke annually, and it is the third leading cause of death in the United States1. There are two types of stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain, as opposed to ischemic strokes, which are caused by a blockage within the vessel. Of all strokes presented clinically, 86% are ischemic by nature1. Currently, there are few treatments for ischemic stroke. The prevailing early treatments include thrombolytic therapy and antiplatelet therapy such as low dose aspirin2,3. These treatments are each flawed. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is currently the only FDA-approved thrombolytic therapy for the acute treatment of ischemic stroke4. This treatment is approved for less than 10% of patients, and is given to less than 4%4. In addition, greater than 65% of hospitals in America have never administered tPA to patients due to low efficacy as well as potential harmful side effects5. Antiplatelets, such as low dose aspirin, are another treatment option. These are drugs, and therefore have negative side effects associated with long-term use such as increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke6, and gastrointestinal bleeding7. As a result, there is a distinct lack of safe therapeutic options for both the early and long-term treatment of ischemic stroke patients. Cerebrovascular collaterals refer to the network of blood vessels that are clinically documented to perfuse stroke-affected tissue during ischemic stroke and reduce brain injury8. While strategies to improve collateral blood flow during stroke are of significant therapeutic interest, mechanisms and a means to improve circulation through these blood vessels during stroke remain unknown. This honors thesis proposal rests on a key in vivo observation that supplementation of a lesser-characterized natural vitamin E, alpha-tocotrienol (TCT), improves cerebrovascular collateral blood flow and attenuates stroke injury8. TCT therefore serves as a powerful tool to study cerebrovascular collateral remodeling during stroke. The overall objective of this honors thesis will be to characterize the effects of TCT on cerebrovascular collateral perfusion during stroke and to identify a mechanistic basis for TCT improvement of cerebrovascular collateral circulation. Many previously identified arteriogenic markers, including Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), will be investigated as a known molecular target of interest for induction of collateral growth in the brain. FITC-lectin tagging of cerebrovascular collaterals will be used for laser capture microdissection experiments and downstream molecular study of arteriogenic targets. This approach will enable the specific collection of perfused cerebrovascular collaterals from stroke-affected tissue for mechanistic study.Funding from research grants awarded to Dr. Cameron RinkNo embargoAcademic Major: Biolog
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
MicroRNA-9 Targets the Neuroprotective Enzyme Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase
Get PDFGlutamate serves multifaceted physiological functions in the CNS as the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter and under pathological conditions as a potent neurotoxin. Elevated extracellular glutamate is known to play a central role in ischemic brain injury. The current study stems from our key observation demonstrating that induction of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), a glutamate-metabolizing enzyme in the brain, can attenuate stroke-induced injury. From the historical work of Hans Krebs, we know that GOT metabolism of glutamate generates TCA cycle intermediates in brain tissue. GOT catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from glutamate to the 4-carbon TCA cycle intermediate oxaloacetate to generate aspartate and the 5-carbon TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. We thus proposed in a previous study that induction of GOT can utilize otherwise neurotoxic glutamate to support survival of ischemic glucose-starved neural cells. The aim of the current work is to identify the mechanisms of GOT induction. Emergent literature supports microRNAs (miRNAs) as key mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing. MicroRNAs comprise a novel class of small, noncoding endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) is abundantly expressed in the brain, where it is predicted to target genes involved in glutamate metabolism. In the current work, we hypothesize that miR-9 targets GOT, resulting in post-transcriptional gene silencing. Furthermore, we hypothesize that inhibition of miR-9 upregulates GOT expression and enhances its neuroprotective properties. We recognize a therapeutic opportunity in which inhibition of miR-9 could potentially lead to improved outcome for ischemic stroke patients.No embargoAcademic Major: Biolog
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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