1,721,077 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pairwise Decomposition with Deep Neural Networks and Multiscale Kernel Subspace Learning for Acoustic Scene Classification
No full textWe propose a system for acoustic scene classification using pairwise decomposition with deep neural networks and dimensionality reduction by multiscale kernel subspace learning. It is our contribution to the Acoustic Scene Classification task of the IEEE AASP Challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE2016). The system classifies 15 different acoustic scenes. First, auditory spectral features are extracted and fed into 15 binary deep multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP). MLP are trained with the `one-against-all' paradigm to perform a pairwise decomposition. In a second stage, a large number of spectral, cepstral, energy and voicing-related audio features are extracted. Multiscale Gaussian kernels are then used in constructing optimal linear combination of Gram matrices for multiple kernel subspace learning. The reduced feature set is fed into a nearest-neighbour classifier. Predictions from the two systems are then combined by a threshold-based decision function. On the official development set of the challenge, an accuracy of 81.4% is achieved
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ancrages et modèles dynamiques de la prosodie : application à la reconnaissance des émotions actées et spontanées
No full textRecognition of emotional state of a speaker is an important step in making the humanmachine communication more natural and friendly. We study in this thesis the problem of emotion-oriented automatic speech processing (ASP) on both acted and natural data. The study of spontaneous emotions is conducted along with the ones having communication disorders which limit the development of the interaction's capabilities of a child. Techniques derived from emotion-oriented ASP must be based on robust parameters to describe the emotional correlates, and also face the constraints that are related to the change of speaker and semantic context. In this view, our work is based on the use of automated techniques to perform emotion recognition: we use many complementary anchors of speech (e.g., pseudophonemes) to extract different types of parameters from the signal (e.g., acoustic and prosodic), and also combine techniques to estimate their contributions in the recognition task. An effort has been done to focus on the development of new unconventional models of speech rhythm, since this component is not modeled clearly in the state-of-the-art emotion recognition systems. The experiments conducted in this thesis aim to demonstrate the relevance of using several anchor points of speech and their associated rhythmic patterns to identify the features that are correlated with emotions. The study of prototypical emotions has permitted to define a continuum which represents the emotional categories along with the emotional wheel of Plutchik. The analysis of communication disorders are carried out in close collaboration with clinicians and researchers teams in emotion-oriented ASP. This work aims to use automated methods (i.e., identification of speech anchor points and extraction of prosodic features) to characterize the features that are associated to a given language impairment (LI), e.g., autism, dysphasia and pervasive developmental disorders non-otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). A control group of typically developing children is also used to compare the prosodic abilities of the LI subjects. The results we obtained in this study are very promising because they contributed significantly to discriminate all of the LI subjects from the typically developing children, and also discriminate the different groups of LI in two distinct type of events: (i) imitation of intonation contours (constrained task) and (ii) production of spontaneous emotional speech (unconstrained task). In addition, the results provided by an automatic analysis of these data also allowed retrieving the diagnostic criteria defined by clinicians on the different groups of LI children. Current techniques in ASP can thus overcome the difficulties created by the study of spontaneous speech data produced by children voices. This opens the way for the difficult but so interesting task of how to make friendly and less "cold" communication systems that are currently available to us.La reconnaissance de l'état émotionnel d'un locuteur est une étape importante pour rendre la communication Homme-machine plus naturelle et conviviale. Nous étudions dans cette thèse la problématique du traitement automatique de la parole (TAP) orienté émotion sur des données actées et naturelles. L'étude des émotions spontanées a été effectuée en parallèle avec celles des troubles de la communication (TC), puisque ces troubles limitent les capacités d'interaction de l'enfant. Les techniques incluses dans les systèmes de TAP orienté émotion doivent reposer sur des paramètres robustes dans la description des corrélats de l'affect, mais aussi face aux contraintes liées au changement de locuteur et de contexte sémantique. Dans cet esprit, nos travaux ont exploité un ensemble de traitements automatiques pour effectuer la reconnaissance des émotions. Nous avons notamment identifié des points d'ancrage complémentaires de la parole (e.g., pseudo-phonèmes) pour extraire plusieurs types de paramètres (e.g., acoustique et prosodique) sur le signal. Des techniques de fusion ont aussi été employées pour estimer la con-tribution de ces approches dans la tâche de reconnaissance. De plus, un effort a été tout spécia-lement porté sur le développement de modèles non-convent-ionnels du rythme, puisque cette composante apparaît clairement comme étant sous modélisée dans les systèmes état-de-l'art. Les expériences effectuées dans cette thèse visent à démontrer la pertinence des points d'ancrage de la parole et des modèles du rythme pour identifier les paramètres corrélés aux émotions. L'étude des émotions prototypiques (i.e., actées) par les modèles non-conventionnels du rythme a, par exemple, permis de définir un continuum de valeurs représentant alors les classes d'émotions qui apparaissent selon la roue de Plutchik. Les analyses portant sur les TC ont été effectuées en étroite collaboration avec des équipes de cliniciens et de chercheurs en TAP orienté émotion. Ces travaux ont eu pour but d'employer des méthodes automatiques (i.e., identification des points d'ancrage de la parole et extraction de paramètres prosodiques) pour caractériser les particularités associées aux types de TC étu-diés, i.e., autisme, dysphasie et troubles envahissants du développement non-spécifiés (TED-NOS). Un groupe contrôle composé d'enfants à développement typique a aussi été étudié pour comparer les capacités prosodiques des sujets TC. Les résultats de cette étude sont prometteurs puisqu'ils ont montré que l'ensemble des sujets pathologiques pouvait être discriminé significa-tivement des typiques, tout comme les différents groupes de TC, selon deux types d'épreuves distinctes : (i) imitation de contours intonatifs (tâche contrainte) et (ii) production de parole affective spontanée (tâche non-contrainte). De plus, les résultats fournis par une analyse auto-matique des données ont permis de retrouver les caractéristiques cliniques des groupes de TC. Les techniques actuelles en TAP orienté émotion sont donc suffisamment matures pour s'affranchir des difficultés créées par l'étude de corpus contenant de la parole spontanée et/ou produite par des voix d'enfants. Par conséquent, la difficile mais au combien importante tâche " d'humanisation " des systèmes communicants peut être envisagée, puisque les machines peuvent avoir la capacité de percevoir de façon robuste l'affect dans des situations naturelle
Ancrages et modèles dynamiques de la prosodie : application à la reconnaissance des émotions actées et spontanées
No full textRecognition of emotional state of a speaker is an important step in making the humanmachine communication more natural and friendly. We study in this thesis the problem of emotion-oriented automatic speech processing (ASP) on both acted and natural data. The study of spontaneous emotions is conducted along with the ones having communication disorders which limit the development of the interaction's capabilities of a child. Techniques derived from emotion-oriented ASP must be based on robust parameters to describe the emotional correlates, and also face the constraints that are related to the change of speaker and semantic context. In this view, our work is based on the use of automated techniques to perform emotion recognition: we use many complementary anchors of speech (e.g., pseudophonemes) to extract different types of parameters from the signal (e.g., acoustic and prosodic), and also combine techniques to estimate their contributions in the recognition task. An effort has been done to focus on the development of new unconventional models of speech rhythm, since this component is not modeled clearly in the state-of-the-art emotion recognition systems. The experiments conducted in this thesis aim to demonstrate the relevance of using several anchor points of speech and their associated rhythmic patterns to identify the features that are correlated with emotions. The study of prototypical emotions has permitted to define a continuum which represents the emotional categories along with the emotional wheel of Plutchik. The analysis of communication disorders are carried out in close collaboration with clinicians and researchers teams in emotion-oriented ASP. This work aims to use automated methods (i.e., identification of speech anchor points and extraction of prosodic features) to characterize the features that are associated to a given language impairment (LI), e.g., autism, dysphasia and pervasive developmental disorders non-otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). A control group of typically developing children is also used to compare the prosodic abilities of the LI subjects. The results we obtained in this study are very promising because they contributed significantly to discriminate all of the LI subjects from the typically developing children, and also discriminate the different groups of LI in two distinct type of events: (i) imitation of intonation contours (constrained task) and (ii) production of spontaneous emotional speech (unconstrained task). In addition, the results provided by an automatic analysis of these data also allowed retrieving the diagnostic criteria defined by clinicians on the different groups of LI children. Current techniques in ASP can thus overcome the difficulties created by the study of spontaneous speech data produced by children voices. This opens the way for the difficult but so interesting task of how to make friendly and less "cold" communication systems that are currently available to us.La reconnaissance de l'état émotionnel d'un locuteur est une étape importante pour rendre la communication Homme-machine plus naturelle et conviviale. Nous étudions dans cette thèse la problématique du traitement automatique de la parole (TAP) orienté émotion sur des données actées et naturelles. L'étude des émotions spontanées a été effectuée en parallèle avec celles des troubles de la communication (TC), puisque ces troubles limitent les capacités d'interaction de l'enfant. Les techniques incluses dans les systèmes de TAP orienté émotion doivent reposer sur des paramètres robustes dans la description des corrélats de l'affect, mais aussi face aux contraintes liées au changement de locuteur et de contexte sémantique. Dans cet esprit, nos travaux ont exploité un ensemble de traitements automatiques pour effectuer la reconnaissance des émotions. Nous avons notamment identifié des points d'ancrage complémentaires de la parole (e.g., pseudo-phonèmes) pour extraire plusieurs types de paramètres (e.g., acoustique et prosodique) sur le signal. Des techniques de fusion ont aussi été employées pour estimer la con-tribution de ces approches dans la tâche de reconnaissance. De plus, un effort a été tout spécia-lement porté sur le développement de modèles non-convent-ionnels du rythme, puisque cette composante apparaît clairement comme étant sous modélisée dans les systèmes état-de-l'art. Les expériences effectuées dans cette thèse visent à démontrer la pertinence des points d'ancrage de la parole et des modèles du rythme pour identifier les paramètres corrélés aux émotions. L'étude des émotions prototypiques (i.e., actées) par les modèles non-conventionnels du rythme a, par exemple, permis de définir un continuum de valeurs représentant alors les classes d'émotions qui apparaissent selon la roue de Plutchik. Les analyses portant sur les TC ont été effectuées en étroite collaboration avec des équipes de cliniciens et de chercheurs en TAP orienté émotion. Ces travaux ont eu pour but d'employer des méthodes automatiques (i.e., identification des points d'ancrage de la parole et extraction de paramètres prosodiques) pour caractériser les particularités associées aux types de TC étu-diés, i.e., autisme, dysphasie et troubles envahissants du développement non-spécifiés (TED-NOS). Un groupe contrôle composé d'enfants à développement typique a aussi été étudié pour comparer les capacités prosodiques des sujets TC. Les résultats de cette étude sont prometteurs puisqu'ils ont montré que l'ensemble des sujets pathologiques pouvait être discriminé significa-tivement des typiques, tout comme les différents groupes de TC, selon deux types d'épreuves distinctes : (i) imitation de contours intonatifs (tâche contrainte) et (ii) production de parole affective spontanée (tâche non-contrainte). De plus, les résultats fournis par une analyse auto-matique des données ont permis de retrouver les caractéristiques cliniques des groupes de TC. Les techniques actuelles en TAP orienté émotion sont donc suffisamment matures pour s'affranchir des difficultés créées par l'étude de corpus contenant de la parole spontanée et/ou produite par des voix d'enfants. Par conséquent, la difficile mais au combien importante tâche " d'humanisation " des systèmes communicants peut être envisagée, puisque les machines peuvent avoir la capacité de percevoir de façon robuste l'affect dans des situations naturelle
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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