13,565 research outputs found
Cross-Cultural Meta-Analyses
Get PDFIn the enormous collection of cross-cultural data that have been published during the last few decades it is difficult to perceive patterns. There is a clear need for systematizing the vast amount of cross-cultural studies and for developing models that explain cross-cultural differences in psychology. Two methods of cross-cultural meta-analysis can be distinguished. First, the instrument-based method of comparing data for one instrument across countries is suitable for instruments which have been administered in many countries. Second, a domain-based meta-analysis used a thematic domain from which culture-comparative studies are sampled instead of one specific instrument or method
The demand for alcohol: a meta-analysis of elasticities
Get PDFNumerous studies have estimated elasticities of alcohol demand using different procedures. Because of widespread differences in demand estimates, however, it is difficult to synthesise the literature into coherent meaning. This study improves our understanding of alcohol demand by reporting results from a meta-analysis of 132 studies. Specifically, regressing estimated price, income and advertising elasticities of alcohol on variables accounting for study characteristics, we find alcohol elasticities to be particularly sensitive to demand specification, data issues and various estimation methods. Furthermore, compared to other alcoholic beverages, beer elasticities tend to be more inelastic.alcohol demand, elasticity, meta-analysis, Demand and Price Analysis,
A comparative analysis of the demand for higher education: results from a meta-analysis of elasticities
Get PDFStudies of the demand for higher education have produced numerous estimates of the tuition and income elasticities. Because of widespread variation in the models estimated, this paper performs a meta-analysis of the literature to uncover the extent to which study characteristics influence elasticities. In addition to being more inelastic in the short-run, the results reveal that demand is least responsive to tuition and income in the United States. Also, the measure of quantity and price, coupled with the method of estimation, have important effects on the tuition elasticity. Nonetheless, there are many study characteristics that have little impact on elasticity estimates.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI SITUATION, BACKGROUND, ASSESMENT, RECOMMENDATION PERAWAT TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PENERAPAN TIMBANG TERIMA DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP ANAK RSUP Dr. M. DJAMIL PADANG
No full textAkar penyebab masalah Kejadian Tak Diharapkan (KTD) adalah komunikasi. Komunikasi efektif dilakukan pada saat Timbang terima. Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di Instalasi Rawat Inap Anak RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dengan wawancara dan observasi kepada Ka. SPF dan kepala ruangan didapatkan timbang terima rata-rata dilakukan dari shift malam ke pagi saja, pengetahuan perawat 0% dan belum adanya pelatihan khusus tentang teknik komunikasi SBAR dalam timbang terima. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan teknik komunikasi SBAR perawat terhadap pengetahuan dan penerapan timbang terima. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan April sampai September 2014. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pre post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perawat sebanyak 54 orang dan sampel sebanyak 36 orang yang diambil secara proporsional sampling. Pengambilan data pre test tentang pengetahuan dan penerapan dilakukan sebelum diberikan intervensi tentang pelatihan teknik komunikasi SBAR dalam timbang terima dan pengambilan data post test pengetahuan setelah pelatihan diberikan sedangkan penerapan tentang teknik komunikasi SBAR dilanjutkan dengan bimbingan dan data diambil setelah bimbingan. Data di analisis secara univariat dengan cara distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat dengan menggunakan wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan penerapan teknik komunikasi timbang terima sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan secara signifikan (p< 0,05). Rumah sakit perlu meningkatkan kualitas SDM secara berkesinambungan melalui pelatihan dengan menggunakan modul yang telah teruji efektifitasnya dan melakukan evaluasi terhadap penerapannya. Kata Kunci : Timbang terima, Teknik komunikasi SBAR, Pelatihan, Pengetahuan, Penerapan, Perawat Daftar Pustaka : 67 (1997-2014
RAMESES publication standards: meta-narrative reviews.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Meta-narrative review is one of an emerging menu of new approaches to qualitative and mixed-method systematic review. A meta-narrative review seeks to illuminate a heterogeneous topic area by highlighting the contrasting and complementary ways in which researchers have studied the same or a similar topic. No previous publication standards exist for the reporting of meta-narrative reviews. This publication standard was developed as part of the RAMESES (Realist And MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) project. The project's aim is to produce preliminary publication standards for meta-narrative reviews. METHODS: We (a) collated and summarized existing literature on the principles of good practice in meta-narrative reviews; (b) considered the extent to which these principles had been followed by published reviews, thereby identifying how rigor may be lost and how existing methods could be improved; (c) used a three-round online Delphi method with an interdisciplinary panel of national and international experts in evidence synthesis, meta-narrative reviews, policy and/or publishing to produce and iteratively refine a draft set of methodological steps and publication standards; (d) provided real-time support to ongoing meta-narrative reviews and the open-access RAMESES online discussion list so as to capture problems and questions as they arose; and (e) synthesized expert input, evidence review and real-time problem analysis into a definitive set of standards. RESULTS: We identified nine published meta-narrative reviews, provided real-time support to four ongoing reviews and captured questions raised in the RAMESES discussion list. Through analysis and discussion within the project team, we summarized the published literature, and common questions and challenges into briefing materials for the Delphi panel, comprising 33 members. Within three rounds this panel had reached consensus on 20 key publication standards, with an overall response rate of 90%. CONCLUSION: This project used multiple sources to draw together evidence and expertise in meta-narrative reviews. For each item we have included an explanation for why it is important and guidance on how it might be reported. Meta-narrative review is a relatively new method for evidence synthesis and as experience and methodological developments occur, we anticipate that these standards will evolve to reflect further theoretical and methodological developments. We hope that these standards will act as a resource that will contribute to improving the reporting of meta-narrative reviews
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN DINI KANKER SERVIKS PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR
No full text<p><em>Based on cancer data in 13 laboratory pathology centers, cervical cancer is a type of cancer that has the largest number of patients in Indonesia, which is as many as 36% of patients. Data from Lubuk Buaya Community Health Center were obtained that performed IVA examination as many as 50 people (0,4%) from 14,199 target. This study aims to determine factors related to visual inspection of Acetic Acid on Women of Infertile Age in the Work Area of Lubuk Buaya Community Health Center in 2017. The study employed the survey deskriptif analitik ,the data analis used chi squre, population is 384 people fertile age women, the research sampel were 384 stratified random sampling. The result showed that 60.9% of women of childbearing age had never done cervical cancer early testing by IVA method, 45.6% knowledge was low, 50% negative attitude, 77,9% did not get husband support, 38,8% did not get health promotion . There was a significant relationship between knowledge (P = 0,000), attitude (P = 0,000), husband support (P = 0,000), promotion (P = 0,000) health with early cervical cancer screening by IVA method. Lubuk Buaya Community Health Center and local officers should pay more attention to the success of early cervical cancer screening program IVA method with the formation of cadres in each Urban Village so that the information can be given thoroughly.</em></p><p> </p><p>Berdasarkan data kanker di 13 pusat laboratorium patologi, kanker serviks merupakan jenis kanker yang memiliki jumlah penderita terbanyak di Indonesia, yaitu sebanyak 36% penderita. Data dari Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya didapatkan yang melakukan pemeriksaan IVA sebanyak 50 orang (0,4%) dari 14.199 sasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat pada Wanita Usia Subur di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya tahun 2017. Metode yang digunakan <em>deskriptif analitik</em> dengan analisis data <em>chi square</em>, populasi adalah wanita usia subur yang berjumlah 384 orang. Pengambilan sampel yaitu stratified random sampling sebanyak 384. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada pasien dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu univariat dan bivariat. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan 60,9% wanita usia subur belum pernah melakukan pemeriksaan dini kanker serviks dengan metode IVA, 45,6% pengetahuan rendah, 50% sikap negatif, 77,9% tidak mendapat dukungan suami, 38,8% tidak mendapat promosi kesehatan. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan(P=0,000 ), sikap(P=0,000), dukungan suami(P=0,000), promosi (P=0,000) kesehatan dengan pemeriksaan dini kanker serviks dengan metode IVA. Pihak Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang serta petugas setempat harus lebih memperhatikan keberhasilan program pemeriksaan dini kanker serviks metode IVA dengan adanya pembentukkan kader pada setiap kelurahan sehingga pemberian informasi dapat diberikan secara menyuluruh.</p></jats:p
Renminbi misaligned - Results from meta-regressions
Get PDFWe collect data from 29 separate papers estimating the equilibrium level and possible undervaluation of the Chinese currency, the renminbi. These papers yield a total of 97 individual observations on misalignment, which we analyse with the help of meta-analysis. We find that the vast majority of observations point to renminbi undervaluation in recent years and that the undervaluation is more pronounced when the US dollar exchange rate is used instead of the real effective exchange rate. We find several characteristics of papers and authors that clearly seem to influence the reported misalignments. For example, when the author is affiliated with an investment bank, the reported misalignment is smaller. Using time-series techniques also results in lower estimates of undervaluation. On the other hand, refereed journals seemingly are inclined to publish papers that report larger misalignments. Results caution against trusting too much in any one study concerning renminbi undervaluation.equilibrium exchange rate; exchange rate misalignment; meta-analysis; China
Replication Data for: A meta-analytic cognitive framework of nudge and sludge
No full textRaw data and code for the meta-analytic cognitive framework of nudge and sludg
Childhood socioeconomic position and objectively measured physical capability levels in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDF<p><b>Background:</b> Grip strength, walking speed, chair rising and standing balance time are objective measures of physical capability that characterise current health and predict survival in older populations. Socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood may influence the peak level of physical capability achieved in early adulthood, thereby affecting levels in later adulthood. We have undertaken a systematic review with meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood SEP is associated with lower levels of objectively measured physical capability in adulthood.</p>
<p><b>Methods and Findings:</b> Relevant studies published by May 2010 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE and MEDLINE. Unpublished results were obtained from study investigators. Results were provided by all study investigators in a standard format and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. 19 studies were included in the review. Total sample sizes in meta-analyses ranged from N = 17,215 for chair rise time to N = 1,061,855 for grip strength. Although heterogeneity was detected, there was consistent evidence in age adjusted models that lower childhood SEP was associated with modest reductions in physical capability levels in adulthood: comparing the lowest with the highest childhood SEP there was a reduction in grip strength of 0.13 standard deviations (95% CI: 0.06, 0.21), a reduction in mean walking speed of 0.07 m/s (0.05, 0.10), an increase in mean chair rise time of 6% (4%, 8%) and an odds ratio of an inability to balance for 5s of 1.26 (1.02, 1.55). Adjustment for the potential mediating factors, adult SEP and body size attenuated associations greatly. However, despite this attenuation, for walking speed and chair rise time, there was still evidence of moderate associations.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions:</b> Policies targeting socioeconomic inequalities in childhood may have additional benefits in promoting the maintenance of independence in later life.</p>
Systematic Variation in Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Land Preservation and Implications for Benefit Transfer: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFDespite prior studies examining willingness to pay for farmland preservation there has been no quantitative, systematic analysis of findings across the literature. This paper presents the first statistical meta-analysis of farmland preservation values. Results confirm systematic variations in willingness to pay, with value surfaces corresponding to theoretical expectations. Findings also provide significant insight into the potential for valid meta-analytic, function based benefit transfer. Results suggest, for example, that transfer validity is critically dependent on jurisdictional scale. Transfer errors are modest for community scale farmland preservation, but large for state scale preservation policies in which per acre welfare estimates are small.Land Economics/Use,
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