1,720,972 research outputs found
Wind-borne debris resistant façades : the european case of flying debris: roof tiles
No full textExtreme-wind events are increasing worldwide due to climate change. Recent European records show a clear growth of these events, both in intensity and frequency. Airborne debris is one of the major risks in such occurrences, impacting the building envelope with high kinetic energy and determining a severe growth of the indoor air pressure with consequential damage of building components.
In many Regions façades design and construction have been adapted to cyclonic winds and tornadoes, developing testing procedures to ensure flying debris-impact resistance of glazed systems. This paper aims to present the state of art of technical procedures to provide façade resilience to powerful storms. Furthermore, it points out the main differences among typologies of flying debris used in Europe and in other Countries.
Finally, the current need for introducing impact test requirements for façades against flying debris in Europe is discussed, at least for constructions of primary importance. In fact, during disaster events and in post- emergency conditions, it is necessary that serviceability of strategic buildings, such as hospitals or police stations, should not be interrupted by damages occurred due to extreme winds. These constructions have to achieve a minimum level of façade resilience related to extreme-wind conditions and flying debris impact.
The current European impact tests are analysed to show the different scope of these tests compared to flying debris resilience
Green walls for advanced building envelopes: design optimization and analysis - A case study in Milan
No full textThe paper illustrates the potential use of green walls for advanced building envelopes. In the last years, several technological systems have been developed for green building envelopes. They can be categorised into two groups, according to their system and growing methods: green façades and living walls. Green façades are created by growing climbing plants up and across the façade itself, either from plants grown in garden beds at its base, or by container planting installed at different levels; they can be direct (i.e. self-clinging climbers, deciduous or evergreen, which adhere to the building exterior by means of adventitious roots) or indirect, where plants are kept away from the walls by continuous supporters and substructures. Living wall systems differ from green façades in the fact that they incorporate multiple ‘containerised’ plantings to create a vegetation cover rather than being reliant on fewer numbers of plants that climb and spread. Once decided to include vegetation into the building project, several questions may be asked. The first one is about structural stability and safety, as envelopes have to be designed to withstand very high dead loads. Another crucial safety aspect is the fire performance: vegetation could be considered a fire propagation medium ‘par excellence’, and the façade must be designed to assure that, in case of fire, its propagation is reduced as much as possible. Moreover, plants sustentation should be carefully considered, since they have to receive light and water to naturally live and grow; natural light supply depends on surroundings and building shape; water supply could be more problematic, because a system of water irrigation and disposal must be designed and integrated in the building envelope. If not properly designed, these aspects can lead to cumbersome and noisy drainpipes and to maintenance issues related to difficulties in inspections and replacement of the drainage components in case of damage Therefore, a very important aspect is maintenance, and maintenance schedule as well: plants need to be cut to keep them healthy, and excessive or abnormal grow has to be avoided. Maintenance system is a sensitive issue, and the designer should think about it since the beginning. This paper presents and details a case study of an office building in Milan with an indirect green façade: vine plants are located in special planters across the façade, and they are free to grow and develop along metal wires included in the curtain wall. Eventually, technical aspects are analysed and some guidelines on technological and construction aspects are given, in order to assure the optimal vegetation life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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