1,721,078 research outputs found
Approaching Target Selectivity by De Novo Drug Design
No full textIntroduction: The development of drug candidates with a defined selectivity profile and a unique molecular structure is of fundamental interest for drug discovery. In contrast to the costly screening of large substance libraries, the targeted de novo design of a drug by using structural information of either the biological target and/or structure–activity relationship data of active modulators offers an efficient and intellectually appealing alternative. Areas covered: This review provides an overview on the different techniques of de novo drug design (ligand-based drug design, structure-based drug design, and fragment-based drug design) and highlights successful examples of this targeted approach toward selective modulators of therapeutically relevant targets. Expert opinion: De novo drug design has established itself as a very efficient method for the development of potent and selective modulators for a variety of different biological target classes. The ever-growing wealth of structural data on therapeutic targets will certainly further enhance the importance of de novo design for the drug discovery process in the future. However, a consistent use of the terminology of de novo drug design in the scientific literature should be sought
A Structural View on Medicinal Chemistry Strategies against Drug Resistance
No full textThe natural phenomenon of drug resistance is a widespread issue that hampers the performance of drugs in many major clinical indications. Antibacterial and antifungal drugs are affected, as well as compounds for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, or parasitic diseases. Despite the very diverse set of biological targets and organisms involved in the development of drug resistance, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been identified to understand the emergence of resistance and to overcome this detrimental process. Detailed structural information on the root causes for drug resistance is nowadays frequently available, so next-generation drugs can be designed that are anticipated to suffer less from resistance. This knowledge-based approach is essential for fighting the inevitable occurrence of drug resistance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Eine strukturelle Evaluierung medizinalchemischer Strategien gegen Wirkstoffresistenzen
No full textDas natürliche Phänomen der Wirkstoffresistenz stellt eine universelle Beeinträchtigung des Nutzens von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen in vielen klinischen Indikationen dar. Antibakterielle und antifungale Wirkstoffe sind dabei ebenso betroffen wie Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung von Krebs, Virusinfektionen oder durch Parasiten hervorgerufene Erkrankungen. Trotz der unterschiedlichen biologischen Zielstrukturen und Organismen, die bei der Entwicklung von Wirkstoffresistenzen involviert sind, konnten grundlegende molekulare Prozesse identifiziert werden, die zum Verständnis des Auftretens von Resistenzen beitragen und die Bekämpfung dieser nachteiligen Mechanismen erlauben. Strukturelle Informationen über die Prinzipien von Wirkstoffresistenzen sind heute vielfältig vorhanden, sodass neue Wirkstoffe entwickelt werden können, die weniger anfällig gegenüber einer Resistenzbildung sein werden. Dieser wissensbasierte Ansatz ist eine Grundlage für den Kampf gegen das unvermeidbare Auftreten von Wirkstoffresistenzen
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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