1,721,039 research outputs found
Prix Nobel de Médecine 2004 : Richard Axel et Linda B. Buck. Enfin un podium pour l’olfaction !
No full textRichard Axel, 58 ans, Américain, né le 2 juillet 1946 à New York, obtient en 1970 son Doctorat en médecine à la Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Baltimore). Professeur de biologie et de biochimie depuis 1978 à la Columbia University (New York), puis en 1984 au Howard Hughes Medical Institute (New York), il est, depuis 1999, Professeur des Universités à Columbia. Membre de la National Academy of Sciences, de l’American Philosophical Society et de l’American Academy of Arts and Sciences, il a reçu en 2003 le Prix Gairdner Foundation International in Neuroscience et (avec le Dr Linda Buck) le Perl/UNC Neuroscience Prize.Linda B. Buck, 57 ans, Américaine, née le 29 janvier 1947 à Seattle, obtient son PhD d’immunologie à l’University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center de Dallas. De 1991 à 2001, elle est Professeur au Département de Neurobiologie de l’Harvard Medical School (Boston) et, de 1997 à 2000, Associate Investigator au Howard Hughes Medical Institute de New York. Depuis 2002, elle exerce à la Division of Basic Sciences du Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center de Seattle. Membre de la National Academy of Sciences, elle a été lauréate en 2003 (avec le Dr Richard Axel) du Prix Perl/UNC Neuroscience
Étude par diffraction des rayons X des déformations induites par irradiation/implantation d'ions dans le dioxyde d'uranium
Get PDFEn conditions de stockage définitif, la désintégration a des radionucléides (produits en réacteur) induit desdommages dans le combustible nucléaire usé. Cet endommagement, et les déformations associées, doivent êtreétudiés pour évaluer correctement la tenue et l'évolution à long terme des pastilles de combustible. La démarcheproposée dans cette thèse pour réaliser cette étude consiste :- à simuler la désintégration a par une implantation d'ions hélium dans une couche fine, en surface depolycristaux d'U02 j- à mesurer les déformations qui en résultent par des techniques de diffraction aux rayons X : la macrodiffractionpour une mesure moyenne dans la couche implantée, la microdiffraction, produite par un rayonnementsynchrotron, pour des mesures très localisées, à l'intérieur des grains d'un polycristal d'U02.L'étude des déformations en fonction de la dose implantée permet de d'évaluer les effets des dégâts d'irradiationsur des durées de stockage de plusieurs milliers d'années.De nouvelles méthodes d'analyse ont été mises au point pour interpréter automatiquement les milliers de clichésde microdiffraction et en déduire la mesure des déformations dans la couche implantée. Un modèle mécaniquea été construit pour rendre compte des mesures avec une grande précision, équivalente à la précision expérimentale.Ce modèle permet de mesurer le gonflement induit par les dommages d'irradiation pour des endommagementsallant jusqu'à 0,77 dpa. Les valeurs mesurées sont comparables à des résultats de la littérature, obtenus sur despastilles auto-irradiées. Il a également permis de quantifier l'augmentation avec l'endommagement de l'anisotropieélastique de l'U02.La microdifDuring long term storage of spent nuclear fuel, the a-decays of radionuclides produced by the in-pile irradiationinduces damages in pellets. These damages, and the resulting strains, must be studied in order to assess correctlythe long term evolution of fuel pellets. The approach chosan here is :- to simulate the a-decays by He ion implantation j- to measure the resulting straÏns using X ray diffraction techniques : macrodiffraction for average measurements,and synchrotron radiation based micro diffraction for local measurements inside grains.The study of strains as a function of ion implantation Huency enables to evaluated irradiation damages overthousands of storage yearB.New analytical methods have been developed to automatically interpret thousands of microdiffraction patterns,and to deduce strain into the implanted layer. Mechanical modeling bas been used to accurately predictmeasurements. This model enables to measure the isotropie swelling induced by helium implantation in a lowdamage range (below 0.77 dpa). Measured values are close to results previously reported in literature on selfirradiated pellets. This model also allowed to quantify the increase with damage of U02 elastic aniBOtropy.X ray microdiffraction is a powerful technique to map the strRin fields within grains. This enables to study theinfluence of neighboring grains on the measured straÏns. This influence remains negligible (below the measurementaccuracy) for low depth helium implantation (60 keV). For deeper belium implaotations (500 aod 1500 keV), thisis not anymore the case : strains are very heterogeneous in the vicinity of gYRin boundaries.POITIERS-SCD-Bib. électronique (861949901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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