1,720,959 research outputs found
Efectos macroeconómicos de shocks fiscales en la UE
No full textEl objetivo general de la Tesis Doctoral es el avance en la comprensión de las interacciones entre las políticas fiscales en la Unión Económica y Monetaria (UEM) y, en especial, el estudio más concreto de los efectos de la coordinación (o la no coordinación) de políticas fiscales en las principales variables macroeconómicas de los Estados Miembros de la Unión Europea (UE). Particularmente, en la Tesis se analizan primero desde el punto de vista teórico y posteriormente desde el punto de vista empírico los efectos macroeconómicos producidos por distintas políticas fiscales en los países de la UE.
En la vertiente teórica de la Tesis, se ofrece una visión general de las aportaciones de las diferentes teorías económicas acerca de los efectos de las políticas fiscales discrecionales, por una parte, y se proporciona una panorámica acerca del “estado del arte” de los trabajos en los cuales se han empleado modelos de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para analizar las repercusiones de diferentes shocks sobre variables fiscales en las economías de la UE, por otra.
Desde el punto de vista empírico, se estiman modelos VAR que incluyen variables de gasto público e impositivas, además de variables macroeconómicas clave como el PIB real, la inflación y los tipos de interés. A partir de los modelos estimados se construyen las correspondientes funciones de respuesta al impulso a fin de estudiar los efectos dinámicos de distintas opciones de política fiscal sobre las economías investigadas.The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to advance the understanding of the interactions between fiscal policies in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and to study the effects of fiscal policy coordination on key macroeconomic variables of the Member States of the European Union (EU). Specifically, in this thesis, we analyze the macroeconomic effects
produced by different fiscal policies in the EU countries, both from theoretical and empirical points of view.
In the theoretical part of the thesis, first we survey the contributions of various economic theories on the effects of discretionary fiscal policies, and second we overview some relevant papers that employ vector autoregressive (VAR) models to analyze the consequences of various shocks to fiscal variables in the EU economies.
From an empirical point of view, we estimate VAR models that include public expenditure and public receipts variables, as well as key macroeconomic variables such as real GDP, inflation and interest rates. From the estimated models, we calculate the corresponding impulse response functions to study the dynamic effects of several fiscal policy options in the investigated economies
Un modelo VECMX* con variables fiscales para la economía española
Get PDFEl objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar el comportamiento de la economía española y,
de manera más concreta, estudiar las posibles repercusiones que un shock en alguna de las variables
fiscales del país pueda ocasionar sobre el resto. Con este objetivo en mente, se especifica y estima un
modelo de vectores de corrección del error con variables exógenas (VECMX*) para la economía
española, empleando series trimestrales de tipo macroeconómico, monetario y fiscal comprendidas desde
el segundo trimestre de 1978 hasta el cuarto trimestre de 2009. Los resultados de las simulaciones
evidencian que los efectos de los shocks en los ingresos y los gastos públicos totales de España son
permanentes para las variables reales y transitorios para las variables nominales. El PIB real de la
economía española responde positivamente ante un incremento no anticipado en los ingresos públicos
totales en el momento del impacto, efectos positivos que perduran en el tiempo; por el contrario, a pesar
de que el PIB real de la economía española también responde positivamente ante un aumento no esperado
en los gastos públicos totales, las repercusiones del shock se tornan negativas en el medio-largo plazo. En
consecuencia, estos resultados parecen sugerir la necesidad de reforma del sistema fiscal español, de
manera que se solucione el problema de la sostenibilidad de las finanzas pública
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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