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Growth Gliricidia sepium submitted to different conditions cutting managements in semiarid cearense
No full textObjetivou-se avaliar o crescimento da GlirÃdica sepium submetida a diferentes manejos de corte nas condiÃÃes do semiÃrido cearense. O delineamento estatÃstico utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas constaram de quatro frequÃncias de corte (45, 60, 75 e 90 dias) e trÃs alturas de resÃduo (30, 60 e 90 cm) com quatro repetiÃÃes, sendo que a frequÃncia de corte compreendeu a parcela principal e a altura de resÃduo a subparcela. O experimento foi conduzido no municÃpio de Fortaleza, CearÃ. O plantio foi realizado em marÃo de 2010 em espaÃamento de 1,5 m x 1,0 m com Ãrea experimental de 600 m2 e estande com 336 plantas. O corte de uniformizaÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos ocorreu em dezembro de 2010, a partir desta data iniciou-se o perÃodo de avaliaÃÃo que foi de 375 dias a quantidade de cortes variou de acordo com os tratamentos, realizando-se 8, 6, 5 e 4 cortes para os tratamentos com as frequÃncias de corte de 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias, respectivamente. A anÃlise das caracterÃsticas de crescimento da gliricÃdia foi obtida atravÃs da Ãrea foliar especÃfica, Ãndice de Ãrea foliar, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatÃria lÃquida, taxa de crescimento da cultura, diÃmetro do caule ao nÃvel do solo, diÃmetro dos brotos, nÃmero de brotaÃÃo, nÃmero de folhas por broto, altura da planta, relaÃÃo folha/caule, matÃria seca da planta, da folha e do caule, produÃÃo de massa seca de folha e caule por corte e total e produÃÃo de massa de forragem por corte e total. As plantas manejadas com frequÃncia de corte de 90 dias e altura de resÃduo de 90 cm obtiveram maior Ãrea foliar especÃfica e Ãndice de Ãrea foliar com 48,51 cm2.g-1 e 5,54, respectivamente. A maior taxa de crescimento cultural foi de 2,63 g.m-2.dia-1 obtida no manejo de corte com frequÃncia de 45 dias e altura de resÃduo de 90 cm. No mesmo manejo de corte observou-se o valor mÃximo para taxa de crescimento relativo que foi de 0,016 g.g-1.dia-1 e maior taxa assimilatÃria lÃquida com 1,32 g.m-2.dia-1, ambas as taxas foram obtidas no perÃodo do 3Â ao 4Â corte (perÃodo chuvoso). O diÃmetro do broto para o manejo de corte com frequÃncia de 90 dias combinado com altura de resÃduo de 90 cm foi 0,31 cm superior ao diÃmetro do broto no manejo de corte com frequÃncia de 45 dias e altura de resÃduo de 30 cm, apresentando maior diÃmetro de broto de 0,96 cm para o perÃodo das chuvas e de 0,81 cm para o perÃodo seco, obtendo ainda, maior Ãndice de Ãrea foliar no perÃodo das chuvas e seco. O manejo com frequÃncia de corte de 90 dias combinado com altura de resÃduo de 90 cm obteve maior acÃmulo de massa seca de forragem por corte no perÃodo das chuvas e seco com 5,3 e 4,8 t.ha-1, e total com 10,7 e 9,7 t.ha-1, respectivamente. As plantas submetidas a esse mesmo manejo atingiram a maior produÃÃo de massa verde e seca de forragem por corte, com mÃdia de 18,13 t.ha-1 e 5,09 t.ha-1 em cada corte, respectivamente, produzindo 72,52 t.ha-1 de massa verde de forragem total e 20,36 t.ha-1 de massa seca de forragem total. A frequÃncia de corte e altura de resÃduo influenciam o crescimento e produÃÃo da gliricÃdia. A intensidade de corte 90 cm proporciona melhores taxas de crescimento e quando combinada com a frequÃncia de corte de 90 dias ocorre maior produÃÃo de massa de forragem da gliricÃdia.The objective was to evaluate the growth of GlirÃdica sepium under different managements cutting conditions semiarid of CearÃ. The statistical design was a randomized block design with split plots. The plots consisted of four cut off frequencies (45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and three heights residue (30, 60 and 90 cm) with four replications, and the cut off frequency comprised the major portion of the residue height of the subplot. The experiment was conducted in the city of Fortaleza, CearÃ. Planting took place in March 2010 at a spacing of 1.5 m x 1.0 m with an area of 600 m2 and experimental stand with 336 plants. Cutting standardization and application of treatments occurred in December 2010, from this date began the evaluation period of 375 days which was the amount of cuts varied with treatments, performing 8, 6, 5 and 4 cuts for treatments with cut off frequencies of 45, 60, 75 and 90 days, respectively. The analysis of the growth characteristics of Gliricidia was obtained by specific leaf area, leaf area index, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, stem diameter at ground level, diameter of shoots, number of sprouting, number of leaves, plant height, leaf/stem ratio, plant dry matter, leaf and stem dry mass of leaf and stem by cutting and total production of dry matter per cutting and full. Plants managed with cut off frequency of 90 days and a residue height of 90 cm had higher specific leaf area and leaf area index with 48.51 cm2.g-1 and 5.54, respectively. The highest growth rate cultural was 2.63 g.m-2.dia-1 obtained in the management of cutting frequency of 45 days and residue height of 90 cm. At the same management cut off was observed for the maximum relative growth rate which was 0.016 g.g-1.dia-1 and higher net assimilation rate with 1.32 g.m-2.dia-1, both rates were obtained in period of 3Â to 4Â cut (rainy season). The diameter of the bud for handling cut frequently with 90 days combined residue height of 90 cm was 0.31 cm larger than the diameter of the shoot in the management of cutting frequency of 45 days and residue height of 30 cm, with larger diameter of 0.96 cm shoot for the rainy season and 0.81 cm for the dry period, getting even, greater leaf area index during the rainy season and dry. The handling with cut off frequency of 90 days combined with residue height of 90 cm obtained higher dry matter accumulation by cutting forage during the rainy season and dry with 5.3 and 4.8 t.ha-1, and with full 10.7 t.ha-1 and 9.7, respectively. Plants subjected to the same management reached the highest yield of green mass and dry fodder by cutting, with a mean of 18.13 t.ha-1 and 5.09 t.ha-1 in each cut, respectively, producing 72 52 t.ha-1 fresh weight of total forage and 20.36 t.ha-1 dry weight of total forage. The cut off frequency and height of residue influence the growth and production of Gliricidia. The intensity of cut 90 cm provides better growth rates and when combined with a cut off frequency of 90 days is greater herbage mass production of Gliricidia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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