92 research outputs found
Narratifs d'enfants de parents sourds - Codas, à propos de croissance bilingue
No full textO presente estudo teve por finalidade discutir o que os filhos ouvintes de pais surdos – Codas, narram sobre o seu desenvolvimento linguístico, familiar, educacional e social. De modo mais específico, analisar as marcas que revelam a constituição da identidade/subjetividade dos Codas, que se reconhecem como sujeitos bilíngues e biculturais. Para a consecução da pesquisa entrevistamos quatro Codas adultos, de diferentes estados do Brasil, sendo dois com titulação de doutor e dois com titulação de mestre na área das Ciências Humanas, todos atuando em escolas públicas, sendo dois como professores e dois como tradutores/intérpretes da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas abertas recorrentes, seguindo a metodologia das histórias de vida, por meio de narrativas orais. As entrevistas pretenderam compreender o uso da Libras e do Português como constitutivos da identidade/subjetividade dos Codas nas relações familiares, educacional e social. O método empregado na produção dos dados se ancora na concepção da metodologia biográfico-narrativa de Moriña (2017), sendo sua análise e discussão organizadas em núcleos de significação, a partir das orientações dos estudos de Aguiar e Ozella (2006, 2013). Para melhor compreensão do fenômeno investigado, os dados foram agrupados em cinco núcleos de significação, a saber: 1. Narrativas que marcam a maturidade precoce na constituição da subjetividade dos Codas; 2. Formação dos Codas como sujeitos bilíngues e biculturais; 3. Orgulho dos pais como cidadãos de direito em sociedade; 4. Aspectos do processo formativo escolar e universitário e 5. Codas: os primeiros Tils nas relações dos pais surdos em sociedade. Esses núcleos são trazidos para conversar com Bakhtin, numa visão humana da constituição do ser pelo outro e que está em constante evolução. Acrescentou-se os postulados de teóricos da cultura, nos campos da antropologia, da educação e da filosofia, bem como, as concepções de pesquisadores Codas. Os resultados evidenciaram que os Codas, desde muito cedo auxiliaram na constituição dos elos dialógicos entre seus pais e o mundo ouvinte, percebiam os olhares diferentes que lhes eram direcionados, que os levaram a um amadurecimento precoce, sendo mais resilientes na vida. Eles constituíram-se bilíngues e biculturais, numa compreensão consciente hoje, cujas vozes são motivos do orgulho para os seus pais, que os incentivaram a uma formação acadêmica e à participação na militância surda, que parece ter levado a fazerem a escolha pela profissão no campo da tradução e interpretação em Libras e língua portuguesa ou educação de surdos.This study aimed to discuss what the hearing children of deaf parents - Codas, narrate about their linguistic, family, educational and social development. More specifically, the goal was to analyze the marks that reveal the constitution of the identity/subjectivity of the Codas, who recognize themselves as bilingual and bicultural subjects. To carry out the research, we interviewed four adult Codas, from different states of Brazil, two with a doctorate degree and two with a master's degree in the area of Humanities, all working in public schools, two as teachers and two as interpreters of the Brazilian Sign Language - Libras. The information was collected through recurring open semi-structured interviews, following the methodology of life stories, through oral narratives. The interviews aimed to understand the use of Libras and Portuguese as constituting the identity/subjectivity of the Codas in family, educational and social relationships. The method used in the production of data is anchored in the conception of Moriña's biographical-narrative methodology, in which the discussions are organized in meaning cores, based on the guidelines of the studies by Aguiar and Ozella (2006, 2013). For a better understanding of the phenomenon investigated, the data were grouped into five meaning cores, namely: 1. Narratives that mark early maturity in the constitution of the Codas' subjectivity; 2. Formation of Codas as bilingual and bicultural subjects; 3. Pride of parents as citizens of rights in society; 4. Aspects of the school and university training process and 5. Codas: the first sign language interpreters in the relationship of deaf parents in society. These axes are brought to talk with Bakhtin, in a human vision of the constitution of being by the other and which is in constant evolution. The postulates of theoreticians of culture, of the field of anthropology, of education, and of philosophy were added, as well as the concepts of Codas researchers. The results showed that Codas, from an early age helped in the establishment of dialogical links between their parents and the hearing world, perceived the different looks that were directed at them, which led them to an early maturation, being more resilient in life. They were bilingual and bicultural, narrating their understanding of being a source of pride for their parents, who encouraged them to have an academic education and to participate in deaf activism, which seems to have led them to choose the profession in the field of translation and interpretation in Libras and Portuguese or in education for the deaf.Não recebi financiament
Variation in sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) coda vocalizations and social structure in the North Atlantic Ocean
No full textThis study aimed at complementing studies of sperm whale social and vocal behaviour that
were restricted to the Pacific Ocean.
The characteristic multi-pulsed structure of sperm whale clicks allows for estimation of
whales' size from measurements of the inter-pulse intervals (IPI). I have developed two new
automatic methods for IPI estimation from clicks recorded during foraging dives. When compared
to other previously developed methods, the newly developed method that averages several clicks'
autocorrelation function showed the best performance amongst the automatic methods.
Previous studies did not support individual identity advertisement among social unit
members as the function for the sperm whale communication signals called codas. I tested within
coda type variation for individual specific patterns and found that, while some coda types do not
allow for individual discrimination, one did so. This variation suggests that different coda types
may have distinct functions.
Analysis of social structure in the Azores found that, similar to the Eastern Tropical Pacific,
sperm whales form long term social units of about 12 individuals. Unlike the Pacific Ocean,
Azorean social units do not form temporary groups with other units, suggesting differences in the
costs and benefits of group formation. I argue that these are due to differences in terms of predation
pressure and intraspecific competition between the Azores and the Pacific study sites.
The variation of coda repertoires in the Atlantic also showed a pattern dissimilar to that
previously documented in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. In the North Atlantic, coda repertoire
variation is mostly geographic, which is parsimoniously explained by random drift of culturally
transmitted coda repertoires. No sympatric vocal clans with distinct dialects were found as has been
noted in the Pacific. Drawing upon the differences found in social structure I argue that selection for
maximization of differences between units with similar foraging strategies may have led to the
Pacific vocal clans.
The differences between oceans suggest that sperm whales may adaptively adjust their
behaviour according to experienced ecological conditions
O crescer bilíngue de Codas: memórias da infância na passagem pela escola
No full textThe article aims to identify the identity marks of hearing children of deaf parents - Codas, as bilingual and bicultural subjects, who settle in school. This is an excerpt of the statements produced from a doctoral research in the area of Education, in the researcher's meeting with four Codas, from different Brazilian states. The method used in the production of data is anchored in the conception of the biographical-narrative methodology, with its analysis and discussion being organized into meaning cores. The investigation evidenced identity marks that constitute the singularity of the researched subjects. In the light of Bakhtinian studies, the materiality of the apprehension of the object of analysis outlines the formation of the Codas being through alterity, on the border of two languages and cultures of different social prestige, in their memories of/in school. However, the identity contours circumscribe statements of an “early adult world” that focuses on childhood, outside the school walls. Such aspects invite education professionals to reflect on other meanings, in the time and space of the experiences of those who recognize themselves or not, in the visuality of sign language with their deaf parents.El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las señas de identidad de los hijos oyentes de padres sordos - Codas, como sujetos bilingües y biculturales, que se establecen en la escuela. Este es un extracto de las declaraciones producidas en una investigación de doctorado en el área de Educación, en el encuentro de investigadores con cuatro Codas, de diferentes estados brasileños. El método utilizado en la producción de datos está anclado en la concepción de la metodología biográfico-narrativa, siendo su análisis y discusión organizados en núcleos de significado. La investigación evidenció marcas de identidad que constituyen la singularidad de los sujetos investigados. A la luz de los estudios bakhtinianos, la materialidad de la aprehensión del objeto de análisis perfila la formación del ser Codas a través de la alteridad, en la frontera de dos lenguas y culturas de diferente prestigio social, en sus memorias de / en la escuela. Sin embargo, los contornos de identidad circunscriben las declaraciones de un "mundo de la edad adulta temprana" que se centra en la infancia, fuera de los muros de la escuela. Dichos aspectos invitan a los profesionales de la educación a reflexionar sobre otros significados, en el tiempo y espacio de las vivencias de quienes se reconocen o no, en la visualidad de la lengua de signos con sus padres sordos.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar as marcas identitárias de filhos ouvintes de pais surdos – Codas, como sujeitos bilíngues e biculturais, que se estabelecem na escola. Trata-se de um recorte dos enunciados produzidos em uma pesquisa de doutorado na área da Educação, no encontro do pesquisador com quatro Codas, de diferentes estados brasileiros. O método empregado na produção dos dados se ancora na concepção da metodologia biográfico-narrativa, sendo sua análise e discussão organizadas em núcleos de significação. A investigação evidenciou marcas identitárias que constituem a singularidade dos sujeitos pesquisados. À luz dos estudos bakhtinianos a materialidade da apreensão do objeto de análise perfila sobre a formação do ser Codas pela alteridade, na fronteira de duas línguas e culturas de prestígio social diferentes, em suas memórias da/na escola. Todavia os contornos identitários circunscrevem enunciados de um “mundo precoce adulto” que incide sobre a infância, fora dos muros escolares. Tais aspectos convocam os profissionais da educação a refletirem sentidos outros, no tempo e espaço das experiências dos que se reconhecerem ou não ouvintes, na visualidade da língua de sinais com seus pais surdos
Individually distinctive acoustic features in sperm whale codas
No full textSocial animals may develop behavioural strategies that are based on individualized relationships among members. In these cases, there might be selection pressures for the development of identity signals and mechanisms that allow discrimination and recognition of particular individuals. Female sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, live in long-term, stable social units. Differential interactions among unit members suggest the need for an individual discrimination system. Sperm whales produce stereotyped series of click sounds called codas, which are thought to be used for communication. Although codas were initially proposed as individual signatures, later studies did not support this hypothesis. Using linear discriminant functions and Mantel tests, we tested variation within coda types as a means for individual identification, using recordings where codas were assigned to individual whales. While most coda types showed no indication of individual-specific information, individual differences that were robust to variation among recording days were found in the 5 Regular coda type. Differences in individual-specific information between coda types suggest that different coda types may have distinct functions
Language trajectories of CODAs in the Czech Republic
No full textThis bachelor thesis focuses on the language trajectories of CODA or hearing adults who have deaf parents (cf. e. g.: Preston, 1994; Bishop, Hicks, 2005; Moroe, 2019). The theoretical and methodological framework of this work is based on the research of Sherman and Homoláč (2014, 2021), who worked with the theory of language management and the method of language biographies. The focus of the work is a research survey with ten CODA adults (aged 20-60) living in the Czech Republic. The author conducted linguistic biographical interviews with all respondents, on the basis of which she compiled the language trajectories of each of the respondents and identified the so-called turning points in them. Subsequently, she tried to define turning points typical for Czech adult CODAs and to trace certain features that would allow the monitored CODAs to be divided into specific groups showing some common features in language biographies
Sperm whale codas may encode individuality as well as clan identity
No full textThe research was funded by the Danish Research Council; the Carlsberg Foundation; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT); Fundo Regional da Ciência, Tecnologia (FRCT) through research projects TRACE-PTDC/MAR/74071/2006 and MAPCET-M2.1.2/F/012/2011 [Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional, the Competitiveness Factors Operational (COMPETE), Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN) European Social Fund, and Proconvergencia Açores/European Union Program]; Aarhus University; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; University of Southern Denmark and University of La Laguna. We acknowledge funds provided by FCT to MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (UID/MAR/04292/2013) and Instituto do Mar at University of the Azores and by the FRCT – Government of the Azores pluriannual funding. C.O. was funded by FCT (SFRH/BD/37668/2007). M.A.S. was supported by an FCT postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/29841/2006) and is currently supported by POPH, QREN European Social Fund and the Portuguese Ministry for Science and Education, through an FCT Investigator grant. M.J. is supported by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland (MASTS) and a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant. D.M.W. was funded by a Ph.D. stipend from the Oticon Foundation, Denmark.Sperm whales produce codas for communication that can be grouped into different types according to their temporal patterns. Codas have led researchers to propose that sperm whales belong to distinct cultural clans, but it is presently unclear if they also convey individual information. Coda clicks comprise a series of pulses and the delay between pulses is a function of organ size, and therefore body size, and so is one potential source of individual information. Another potential individual-specific parameter could be the inter-click intervals within codas. To test whether these parameters provide reliable individual cues, stereo-hydrophone acoustic tags (Dtags) were attached to five sperm whales of the Azores, recording a total of 802 codas. A discriminant function analysis was used to distinguish 288 5 Regular codas from four of the sperm whales and 183 3 Regular codas from two sperm whales. The results suggest that codas have consistent individual features in their inter-click intervals and inter-pulse intervals which may contribute to individual identification. Additionally, two whales produced different coda types in distinct foraging dive phases. Codas may therefore be used by sperm whales to convey information of identity as well as activity within a social group to a larger extent than previously assumed.Peer reviewe
Codas tradutores e intérpretes de língua de sinais brasileira: percurso para o profissionalismo
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2016.Esta dissertação de mestrado cerca-se das experiências da autora enquanto filha de surdos - Coda (ChildrenofDeafAdults) -,atuando como tradutora-intérprete da Língua de Sinais e Língua Portuguesa, e de sua relação com a Língua de Sinais e a cultura surda,o quetambém consiste emuma das justificativas para a realização deste trabalho. Enquanto membro integrante da comunidade surda, a autora busca compreender os caminhos que levam os filhos de pais surdos a se tornarem Tradutores-intérpretes do par linguístico em questão, tendo como principal caminho de pesquisa a formação de profissionais na área da tradução e interpretação de Libras, suas garantias legais, órgãos representantes dessa categoria e a evolução da profissão. Sendo assim, este estudo traz reflexões sobre o processo deformação, da informalidade à formalidade, que os profissionais Tradutores-intérpretes de Língua de Sinais e Codas e Tradutores-intérpretes de Libras não Codas passam durante sua experiência pessoal até a profissional. Embasando, assim, a importância cultural como uma das necessidades para se tornar um tradutor e não um instrumento que realiza trocas de uma palavra em uma língua para outra. Sob o abrigo da metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória,autoetnográfica, utilizando a ferramenta Google Forms para a coleta de dados, procurou-se, através de questionários, abordar questões que permitissem a compreensão da opção pela profissão de Tradutor-intérprete feita pelo Coda. Tendo como base teórica os estudos de Tradução e Interpretação, Estudos Culturais,e alguns estudos relacionados aos filhos de pais surdos,a investigação busca apreender a posição desse profissional frente à Língua de Sinais e à cultura surda em sua formação profissional.A pesquisa buscou compreender como as experiências de interpretação na infância dos Codas influenciaram estes a escolherem a profissão de Tradutores-intérpretes de Libras.Abstract : This dissertation is about the experiences of the author being the daughter of Deaf - CODA (Children of Deaf Adults) - acting as translator-interpreter of sign language and portuguese language and its relation to the sign language and deaf culture, which also consists of one of the justifications for this work. As an integral member of the deaf community, the author seeks to understand the ways that lead the Children of Deaf parents to become translator interpreters, the main way to research the training of professionals in the field of translation, their legal guarantees, representative agencies and the evolution of the career. Thus, this study reflects on the process of formation, informality to formality that professional sign language translator interpreters and CODAs and Libras translators, and non CODAs translators pass during his personal experience to the professional experience. There by basing on the cultural importance as one of the requirements to become a translator and not an instrument that performs exchange of a word in one language to another. Under the usage of qualitative research methodology, exploratory methods, using Google Forms tools for data collection, is sought through questionnaires, addressing issues that would allow understanding the choice of profession of translator-interpreter made by coda. With the theoretical basis the studies of translation and interpretation, cultural studies, and some studies related to Children of Deaf parents, the investigation seeks to grasp the position of this professional front of sign language and deaf culture in their professional training. The research sought to understand how the interpretation of childhood experiences of codas influenced these to choose the profession of libras translators-interpreters
Gestural codas pave the way to the understanding of verbal irony
No full textIt is well known that speakers rely on prosodic and gestural features at the time of producing and understanding verbal irony. Yet little research has examined (a) how gestures manifest themselves in spontaneous speech, both during and after ironic utterances; and (b) how the presence of the so-called ‘gestural codas’ (audiovisual cues produced after the ironic utterance) influences irony detection. In Experiment 1, spontaneously produced verbal irony utterances generated between pairs of friends in conversational dyads were analyzed for semantic, prosodic and visual contrasts. Results show that ironic utterances contrast with immediately preceding non-ironic utterances, both in terms of prosody and gesture. Experiment 2 tested the contribution of the presence vs. absence of such ‘gestural codas’ to the perception of verbal irony. An irony rating task was conducted in which participants were audiovisually presented with a set of ambiguous discourse contexts followed by a set of matching ironic and non-ironic utterances presented in two conditions, namely without coda and with coda. Results show that subjects detected the speaker's ironic intent significantly better when post-utterance codas were present (88%) than when they were not (56%), thus confirming the hypothesis that visual information produced after ironic sentences is a key factor in the identification of the speaker's ironic intent.Parts of this paper were presented at UR-Ling Workshop 2014 (Barcelona 13 May 2014) and From Sound to Gesture (S2G) Conference (Padova 21–23 May 2014). We are grateful to the audience at these conferences for their helpful comments and discussion. We are also grateful to Joan Borràs-Comes, Núria Esteve-Gibert and Alfonso Igualada, the three independent coders that participated in the interreliability task. This research has been funded by two research grants awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2012-31995 “Gestures, prosody and linguistic structure” and FFI2012-31785 “Semántica procedimental y contenido explícito III”), and by a grant awarded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR-925) to the Prosodic Studies Group. Also, the research work of the first author is funded by the FPU2012/05893 grant (awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)
Gestural codas pave the way to the understanding of verbal irony
No full textIt is well known that speakers rely on prosodic and gestural features at the time of producing and understanding verbal irony. Yet little research has examined (a) how gestures manifest themselves in spontaneous speech, both during and after ironic utterances; and (b) how the presence of the so-called ‘gestural codas’ (audiovisual cues produced after the ironic utterance) influences irony detection. In Experiment 1, spontaneously produced verbal irony utterances generated between pairs of friends in conversational dyads were analyzed for semantic, prosodic and visual contrasts. Results show that ironic utterances contrast with immediately preceding non-ironic utterances, both in terms of prosody and gesture. Experiment 2 tested the contribution of the presence vs. absence of such ‘gestural codas’ to the perception of verbal irony. An irony rating task was conducted in which participants were audiovisually presented with a set of ambiguous discourse contexts followed by a set of matching ironic and non-ironic utterances presented in two conditions, namely without coda and with coda. Results show that subjects detected the speaker's ironic intent significantly better when post-utterance codas were present (88%) than when they were not (56%), thus confirming the hypothesis that visual information produced after ironic sentences is a key factor in the identification of the speaker's ironic intent.Parts of this paper were presented at UR-Ling Workshop 2014 (Barcelona 13 May 2014) and From Sound to Gesture (S2G) Conference (Padova 21–23 May 2014). We are grateful to the audience at these conferences for their helpful comments and discussion. We are also grateful to Joan Borràs-Comes, Núria Esteve-Gibert and Alfonso Igualada, the three independent coders that participated in the interreliability task. This research has been funded by two research grants awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2012-31995 “Gestures, prosody and linguistic structure” and FFI2012-31785 “Semántica procedimental y contenido explícito III”), and by a grant awarded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR-925) to the Prosodic Studies Group. Also, the research work of the first author is funded by the FPU2012/05893 grant (awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)
- …
