170,171 research outputs found
Differential regulation of RPG and Ribi genes by RPD3L.
No full text<p>(A) In silico analysis of mutant effects on RPG and Ribi gene expression. nCounter data were averaged for RPG or Ribi genes, and for each mutant the difference between mutant and wild-type expression is scatterplotted for the two gene classes. Specific mutants of interest are indicated with red circles. In general mutants have highly correlated effects on expression of these genes during diamide stress, with globally hypo-responsive mutants such as H3K42Q exhibiting diminished repression of both gene classes. However, a subset of mutants separate RPG from Ribi gene expression. Most notably, mutants in the RPD3L complex (<i>sap30</i>Δ and <i>pho23</i>Δ) have no effect on RPG repression, but dramatically affect Ribi repression. (B) nCounter data for selected mutants with variable effects on RPG/Ribi gene repression. Data are shown as in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001369#pbio-1001369-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B,D</a>. Mutants from several complexes of interest are highlighted here. (C–D) Model for Set1-dependent RPG (C) and Ribi (D) repression. See main text.</p
Važnost praćenja histamina u plavoj ribi
No full textPlava riba je nutritivno bogata i lako probavljiva namirnica s brojnim pozitivnim učincima na zdravlje. Međutim, meso plave ribe izrazito je bogato histidinom, stoga se konzumacija plave ribe veže uz povećan rizik od pojave histaminskog trovanja. Riba nije jedini, ali je najčešći uzročnik histaminskog trovanja. Trovanje histaminom poznato je kao najčešća vrsta trovanja ribom u svijetu. Histamin ili beta-imidazoletilamin je najznačajniji biogeni amin koji nastaje iz esencijalne aminokiseline histidin, a prirodno je prisutan u plavoj ribi i nekim drugim namirnicama bogatim bjelančevinama. Nastanak histamina u ribi povezan je s temperaturom i nepravilnim skladištenjem. Na niskim temperaturama bakterijska aktivnost je smanjena, samim time usporen je i nastanak histamina. Ključnu ulogu imaju i bakterije koje mogu pretvarati histidin u histamin. Unese li se histamin u organizam u većim količinama, može uzrokovati histaminsko trovanje. Najčešće nastaje pri temperaturama iznad 0°C u mesu plave ribe, procesom dekarboksilacije histidina pod utjecajem bakterijskog enzima histidin-dekarboksilaze. U ovome radu je opisana važnost praćenja količine histamina, prevencije njegovog nastanka u plavoj ribi te pravilnog skladištenja ribe. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada, analizirano je deset različitih serija konzervi jadranske sardine s tržišta u Republici Hrvatskoj, primjenom analitičke tehnike tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC), koja je ujedno i referentna metoda za ovakvu vrstu analize. Analizom je utvrđeno da su svi uzorci sukladni prema trenutno važećoj HR i EU legislativi
Modulation of immune responses in mice to recombinant antigens from PE and PPE families of proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Ribi adjuvant
No full textThree proteins of PE and PPE families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were evaluated for their ability to induce T cell responses in mice. To enhance immunity induced by protein immunization, we tested the efficacy of adjuvant Ribi (monophosphoryl lipid A+TDM), along with three proteins of the PE/PPE family. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously injected with recombinant proteins, encoded by Rv1818c, Rv3018c and Rv3812 genes of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, formulated with Ribi or IFA for comparative study. Sera from mice immunized with Ribi revealed an increase in the specific immunoglobulin G titers by twofold against Ribi than in mice immunized with IFA. Ribi also elicited stronger delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against the recombinant proteins when compared with IFA. Antigen specific IgG subclass analysis showed that Ribi tends to facilitate IgG2a production, suggesting enhancement of predominant Th1 response which in turn may facilitate increased production of protective IFN-\gamma. Furthermore, Ribi preparation increased the number of T cells secreting IFN-\gamma. These results indicate that Ribi acts as an effective adjuvant for immune response to antigens of M. tuberculosis. For the first time, we demonstrate that Rv3018c, Rv1818c and Rv3812 proteins of PE/PPE family are T cell antigens with vaccine potential
Minimal perturbations approaching the edge of chaos in a Couette flow
No full textThis paper provides an investigation of the structure of the stable manifold of the lower branch steady state for the plane Couette flow. Minimal energy perturbations to the laminar state are computed, which approach within a prescribed tolerance the lower branch steady state in a finite time. For small times, such minimal-energy perturbations maintain at least one of the symmetries characterizing the lower branch state. For a sufficiently large time horizon, such symmetries are broken and the minimal-energy perturbations on the stable manifold are formed by localized asymmetrical vortical structures. These minimal-energy perturbations could be employed to develop a control procedure aiming at stabilizing the low-dissipation lower branch state
Eosinophilic esophagitis : latest insights from diagnosis to therapy
No full textEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) represents a chronic, local immune-mediated esophageal disease, characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil-predominant inflammation. Other systemic and local causes of esophageal eosinophilia should be excluded. Clinical manifestations or pathologic data should not be interpreted in isolation. EoE was first described as a distinct disease entity in 1993. Most patients are diagnosed with underlying food allergies. The first diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines were published in 2007 with a first update in 2011. In 2017, new international guidelines were published based on the GRADE methodology. These guidelines provide, among many other topics, insights on the role of proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia. Over the last two decades, considerable progress was made by stakeholders regarding the understanding of EoE's pathogenesis, genetic background, natural history, allergy workup, standardization of assessment of disease activity, evaluation of minimally invasive diagnostic tools, and new therapeutic approaches. This brief review provides further insights into latest diagnostic and therapeutic advances
Hydraulics of a physical model of supercritical vortex drop shaft
No full textVortex drop shafts are special drop structures typically installed in urban drainage systems or rarely as spillways for hydropower plants. The knowledge about the hydraulic behavior of vortex drop shafts was improved over the years but some gaps still have to be filled, with particular concern to the hydraulic aspects of the intake structure and of the vertical shaft. In this paper, an experimental campaign on a reduced-scaled physical model of vortex drop shaft serving an urban sewer system is described. Free-surface observations were used to characterize the hydraulics of the spiral inlet at the head of the shaft. A computational procedure based on the momentum approach is applied to derive velocity and flow rotation angle profiles over the vertical shaft. Such hydraulic features are fundamental into the design of a vortex drop shaft. If they are known with a sufficient reliability, then the energy dissipation efficiency of the shaft can be easily derived
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Development of a plant based riparian index of biotic integrity (RIBI) for assessing the ecological condition of highland streams in East Africa
No full textThe study of riparian plant communities along running streams offers information on the state of habitat and can help increase our knowledge on the use of bioindicators. We developed a riparian index of biotic integrity (RIBI) to evaluate the conditions of highland streams in response to anthropogenic disturbances in the southwest Ethiopian highland. To construct RIBI, we evaluated 22 potential plant metrics. Disturbance was quantified for each site using information on canopy openness, ground area without vegetation and exposed mineral soil. Five core metrics (floristic quality indexes, average C, native tree/shrub species, riparian status species and Shannon diversity index) were found to respond to anthropogenic disturbances. These metrics were significantly differentiated among sample sites categorized as low and high disturbance sites (p <.001). The core metrics and RIBI scores for this data set were also significantly correlated with environmental variables including riparian buffer width, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, turbidity, total suspended sediment, nitrate and orthophosphate. These findings provide support for the continued use of plants as indicators of highland stream condition in the East Africa, providing that the responses of plant based metrics to disturbances. Thus, the RIBI could be useful tool for the assessment and monitoring of stream ecosystems and evaluating the effect of stream restoration in the East African highland in the future.</p
Coloured screening pigments cause red eye glow hue in pierid butterflies
No full textThe fine structure of the tracheal tapetum lucidum was investigated in six members of the diurnal lepidopteran family Pieridae. These observations were compared with the eye glow hue on intact eyes, the reflection colour of the incident illuminated tapetum and the distribution of the red screening pigments found in some receptor cells. The eye glow hue of dark adapted pierid eyes appears dark red. Whereas in the speciesColias crocea, C. australis andGonepteryx rhamni the red eye glow is observed all over the eye, appear the uppermost 35 horizontal eye rows in the speciesPieris brassicae, P. napi andP. rapae turquoise to yellow-green. The reflection colour of the tracheal tapetum of all examined pierid eyes is, however, uniformly turquoise to yellow-green all over the eye. In addition no regional structural differences in the tracheal tapetum at the proximal end of the rhabdom were observed. One knows, however, that inPieris brassicae, P. napi andP. rapae in the ventral and medial part of the eye, inColias crocea, C. australis andGonepteryx rhamni in all ommatidia the four proximally located receptor cells 5–8 contain red screening pigment which is arranged close to and even within the rhabdomeric structures (Ribi, 1978a). These observations show that the red eye glow observed in various pierid butterflies depends on coloured retinula cell screening pigment and not on the tracheal and rhabdomeric structures. Morphological and functional aspects of the Lepidopteran tapetum lucidum and the role of the coloured retinula cell pigmentation are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
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