1,721,031 research outputs found
Forced Migration - environmental and socioeconomic dimensions
Full text linkIn 2009, five German higher education institutions – Technical University Braunschweig, University of Hohenheim, University of Kassel, Cologne University of Applied Sciences and Ludwig-Maximilians-University München – were selected to be part of the Excellence for Development Cooperation (Exceed) Program by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Since then, these centers together with their 37 partners in developing countries, have been establishing think tanks to contribute to the post-2015 development agenda. These five Exceed Centers combined forces to take a closer look at the environmental and socioeconomic dimensions of forced migration together with scientists, politicians and the public from around the world by participating in the first Exceed Conference in Berlin. This up-to-date topic was chosen to strengthen the connection between local research on conflicts and their consequences in today's world and global action towards the mitigation of these consequences. During the course of the conference, current research results were presented, challenges were discussed and new strategies to prevent forced migration were identified by using an interactive conference set-u
Uma abordagem integrada para a escolha de estratégias de bombeamento adequadas para uma região semiárida na Jordânia usando um modelo de água subterrânea juntamente com técnicas analíticas hierárquicas
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exploring water fluxes for agricultural production in African croplands
Full text linkThe deteriorating status of water scarcity and food insecurity poses a global challenge, driven by population growth, rapid urbanization, socio-economic developments, shifting consumption patterns, inefficient resource use, and climate change impacts. Agriculture, the largest user of freshwater and land resources, faces constraints due to diminishing availability of both blue and green water resources, leading to food shortages and increased vulnerabilities, particularly in Africa’s developing regions. Recent trends in Africa show expansions in both rainfed and irrigated croplands. However, agricultural extensification strategies can disrupt ecosystems and biodiversity, notably in targeted floodplain wetlands, and exacerbate competition for scarce blue water resources, especially in arid regions and transboundary river basins. This thesis underscores the pressing need for agricultural intensification, emphasizing the enhancement of productivity on existing croplands.
The aim of this research is to identify and quantify the potential for increasing crop yields while conserving water and land resources across diverse agricultural systems in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. Additionally, this research aims to provide insights into the implications of potential improvements for future crop intensification and the associated demand for water and land resources. To achieve these multidisciplinary aims in such data-scarce regions, this research has developed novel methodological approaches. These approaches integrate open-access remote sensing datasets and secondary data to accurately monitor agricultural systems and associated parameters including land use, land cover, precipitation, actual and potential evapotranspiration, crop yield, and crop transpiration.
This thesis has demonstrated how these transferrable methodological approaches offer in-depth insights into the performance of agricultural systems, by calculating performance indicators including water use efficiency, crop water productivity, land productivity, evaporative stress, relative evaporative stress, and transpiration fraction, at adequate spatial and temporal resolutions across regions of diverse agricultural types, scales, and challenges. The spatial-temporal investigation conducted, covering sufficient timespans and spatial extents, proved instrumental in detecting spatial and temporal variabilities in performance indicators, thus enabling a reliable understanding of current performance status and facilitating the detection and quantification of potential improvements. These identified improvements have been used to construct plausible scenarios of future crop intensification and associated water and land requirements. Furthermore, the analyses conducted have identified specific interventions necessary to enhance production efficiency and to conserve water and land resources across the studied regions.
The findings of this thesis emphasize the considerable potential for crop intensification in the studied regions. The identified improvements have profound implications for water and food securities as well as for the sustainable development of water and land resources. These findings serve as pivotal entry points for guiding interventions and investments to enhance crop production and conserving vital water and land resources. These insights are valuable for strategic decision-making, directing efforts towards fostering agricultural sustainability and resilience amidst evolving environmental and socio-economic challenges
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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