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KEDUDUKAN KITAB KUNING BAGI HAKIM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARI’AH DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KELAS I.B BUKITTINGGIKEDUDUKAN KITAB KUNING BAGI HAKIM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARI’AH DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KELAS I.B BUKITTINGGI
Full text linkABSTRAK
KEDUDUKAN KITAB KUNING BAGI HAKIM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARI’AH DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KELAS I.B BUKITTINGGI
Reza Hanifa, (0921211115),
Prof. Dr. H. Yaswirman, MA., Pembimbing I, dan Dr. Kurnia Warman, SH., M.Hum, Pembimbing II.
Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 menjelaskan bahwa “Hakim dan Hakim Konstitusi wajib menggali, mengikuti dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat”. Pengadilan Agama dalam hal ini telah berpengalaman dalam menyelesaikan sengketa perkawinan, waris, wasiat, hibah, wakaf dan shadaqah. Namun perkara tentang sengketa mu’amalah (ekonomi syari’ah) relatif baru, tidak semua ketentuan diatur secara eksplisit dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tertulis. Secara praktis masih mengandalkan kitab-kitab fikih klasik para Imam Mazhab yang dikenal dengan istilah kitab kuning atau kitab turast, padahal cakupan hukum dalam kitab-kitab tersebut tidak mengikat dan bukan merupakan undang-undang sementara itu putusan Hakim selalu dianggap benar. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syari’ah di Pengadilan Agama Kelas I.B Bukittinggi, dan bagaimana kedudukan kitab kuning bagi Hakim dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah di Pengadilan Agama Kelas I.B Bukittinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis sosiologis yaitu penelitian lapangan dan penelitian perpustakaan untuk mendapatkan data primer dan data sekunder. Bahan yang diperoleh dari data primer diolah kemudian dibandingkan dengan data sekunder lalu diambil kesimpulan dan digambarkan secara deskriptif dan dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian tesis ini adalah; Pertama, bahwa proses penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah di Pengadilan Agama Kelas I.B Bukittinggi, digolongkan menjadi 2 fase yaitu fase sebelum ditetapkannya Perma Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah di Pengadilan Agama dan fase setelah ditetapkannya Perma tersebut. Kedua, kedudukan kitab kuning bagi hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan sangat dominan disamping menggunakan hukum tertulis berupa peraturan perundang-undangan. Hakim dalam memutus perkara ekonomi syariah tidak hanya menggunakan KHES sebagai rujukan sumber hukum materil dan Perma Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 sebagai sumber hukum formil. Hakim melakukan penemuan hukum, sebagai salah satu dasar pertimbangan dalam menjatuhkan putusan, hakim cenderung merujuk kitab kuning walaupun tidak secara eksplisit mengutip dalam putusan. Persepsi Hakim tentang kitab kuning bahwa eksistensi kitab kuning tidak bisa dilepaskan dari kompetensi Hakim Pengadilan Agama, khususnya dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah untuk mewujudkan tujuan hukum dan pertanggungjawaban moral Hakim atas klaim bahwa apa yang telah diputus oleh Hakim dianggap benar (res judicata pro veretatur habetur). Hakim Pengadilan Agama disarankan untuk lebih mendalami dan menguasai perekonomian syariah dan diharapkan adanya upaya positifisasi materi kitab kuning menjadi Undang-undang demi terwujudnya keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum.
Kata Kunci : Kitab Kuning, Ekonomi Syari’ah, Hakim, Pengadilan Agama.
ABSTRACT
THE POSITION OF KITAB KUNING IN SOLVING SYARI’AH ECONOMY DISPUTE FOR JUDGE IN RELIGIOUS COURT CLASS I.B BUKITTINGGI
Reza Hanifa, (0921211115),
Prof. Dr. H. Yaswirman, MA., Advisor I, dan Dr. Kurnia Warman, SH., M.Hum, Advisor II.
Section 5 subsection (1) of Law Number 48 year 2009 explained that “Judge and constitution judge are obliged to explore, to adhere and to comprehend law values and sense of justice which living in the society". In this case, the religious courts have experienced in solving marital disputes, inheritance, wills, grants, endowments and shadaqah. However, not all provisions set out in written legislation explicitly for mu'amalah dispute (syari’ah economy) because it is relatively new. Practically, it still rely on the classical books of Imam Mazhab which known as Kitab Kuning or Kitab Turast, even though the scope of law in the books is not binding and is not a legislation while the judge's verdict is always considered true.
The problems of this research are how to solve the syari’ah economy dispute in religious court class I.B Bukittinggi and how the position of Kitab Kuning for Judge in solving syari’ah economiy dispute in religious court class I.B Bukittinggi. The method of this research is yuridis sosiologis which used field research and library research to obtain primary data and secondary data. The data which obtained from the primary data are analyzed then compared to the secondary data, then taken conclusions, described descriptively and analyzed qualitatively.
The results of this research are; first, the solving process of syari’ah economy dispute in religious court class I.B Bukittinggi classified into 2 phases, namely the phase before the establishment of Perma No. 14 year 2016 about the solving process of the syari’ah economy dispute in religious courts and the phase after the establishment of the Perma. Second, the position of Kitab Kuning for judge in deciding verdict and the use of written law in the form of legislation. In deciding syari’ah economy dispute, judge does not only use KHES as a source of material law and Perma No. 14 year 2016 as a source of formal law. The judge made the discovery of law, as one of the basic consideration in judgment, the judge tended to use Kitab Kuning although did not quote in the verdict explicitly. The judge's perception about Kitab Kuning that the existence of Kitab Kuning cannot be separated from the competence of religious court judge, especially in solving of syari’ah economy dispute to actualize the legal objectives and moral responsibility of the judge which claim that what has been decided by the judge is considered true (res judicata pro veretatur habetur). Religious court judge is expected to explore and to master syari’ah economy and it is expected that there will be effort to positifisasi Kitab Kuning into the act for the realization of justice, benefit and legal certainty.
Keywords: Kitab Kuning, Syari’ah Economy, Judge, Religious Court
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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