1,720,972 research outputs found
O psychologicznych założeniach rynkowej ideologii
No full textSukcesy gospodarki rynkowej przyczyniły się do ukształtowania rynkowej ideologii, według której zasady rynkowe są najlepszym sposobem regulowania tak gospodarki, jak innych dziedzin, takich jak edukacja, nauka, służba zdrowia itp. Ideologia ta opiera się na psychologicznym założeniu, że źródłem sukcesu wolnego rynku jest jego zdolność do mobilizowania ludzkiej motywacji i twórczych sił człowieka. Źródłem tej mobilizacji jest osobisty interes pobudzany przez rywalizację o kontrolę nad zasobami. Artykuł pokazuje, że aktywność kierowana wyłącznie przez własny interes może deformować działalność rynkową. Psychologowie dowodzą, że ludzie są zdolni do generowania motywów nastawionych na dobro własne, lecz również na dobro innych osób i na dobro społeczne w różnych jego formach. Te dwa rodzaje motywacji nieraz ze sobą konkurują, ale też mogą współdziałać. Uaktywnienie danej motywacji zależy od społecznych definicji znaczenia sytuacji, z którymi człowiek ma do czynienia. Ideologia rynkowa, stanowiąc jedno ze źródeł takich definicji, sprzyja dominacji własnego interesu jako podstawy rynkowej działalności
On the deliberative initiation of macro-social change: The case of the round table negotiations in poland from the perspective of a participant
No full textThe Round Table (RT) Talks in Poland in February-April 1989 initiated rapid transition from an authoritarian political system and a centralized, state-controlled economy to democratic capitalism. They also triggered a cascade of changes across the whole of Eastern Europe (the former Soviet block). In this paper I analyze the psychological factors that contributed to success of the talks. During the RT talks, the representatives of the ruling party in Poland („communists”) negotiated with the representatives of „Solidarity” (“democratic opposition”) - the very broad socio-political movement representing Polish aspirations to democracy and sovereignty, separate from the Soviet Union. The paper describes the organization of the negotiations (a complex structure with about 700 participants) and the sources of an initial deep antagonism between the two sides. It addresses the main psychological factors that made it possible for this antagonism to be overcome and for the development of an agreed plan to democratize the Polish political system. This includes an analysis of: the general approach to negotiations; the initial definitions of the negotiating situation and the ways in which these definitions changed; the psychological characteristics of the negotiating situation which fostered cooperative attitudes amongst the negotiations, including in particular the role of group forces. The paper also discusses more generally the relationship between psychological factors and objective conditions in achieving (or impeding) positive outcomes to negotiations around entrenched, seemingly untractable, political conflicts.peerReviewedpublishedVersio
ECONOMIC FREEDOM AS AN IDEOLOGY
No full textThe article focuses on social and psychological aspects of criticisms of neo-liberal market model, mostly referring to the views of Leszek Balcerowicz. It points out that neo-liberal approach is based on a limited concept of freedom and its meaning in human life, underestimating the connection between freedom and ideological beliefs of people. Moreover, neo-liberalism does not take into account the fact that in conditions of economic freedom the interference between the level of individual effort (productivity) and access to goods (rewards) is weakened and may lead to self-destruction of the market system. But the shortcomings of the market mechanisms are not an argument for their replacement with state control over economy. They rather should instigate problem solving efforts
Konserwatywno-prawicowy radykalizm jako dążenie do kulturowej hegemonii
No full textOne of the most common and dangerous conflicts in contemporary democracies
is related to cultural differences in understanding of the basic principles of social organization. Such conflict is developing also in Poland. Its most recent
manifestation is the serious confrontation between the new appointed Minister
of Education and Science of the Polish government and the large part of the
Polish scientific community. In the first part of the paper, I analyze on the basis
of his publication the minister’s socio-political worldview. I am implying that it
may explain his conflict arousing policy. I am focusing on his concept of the natural law and his use of this concept, on his understandings of democracy and
secular state, and on his interpretation of minority rights in democracy. I am
concluding that he represents the ultraconservative (right-wing) version of the
Roman Catholic worldview and is trying to impose its implications on the Polish
education as well as scientific institutions. In the second part of the paper, I am
analyzing sociopsychological preconditions of cultural conflicts and factors that
may determine the radicalization of these conflict
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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