1,720,958 research outputs found
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Epilepsy
Get PDFEpilepsy is a disease of the brain defined by recurrent epileptic seizures with various clinical presentations. The disorder has neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Many of the epilepsies are associated with comorbidities with a potential to affect the course and treatment of the disorder. Over the last couple of decades there has been increasing awareness of an association between psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. Psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy were long regarded as mere consequences of the epilepsy and its treatment. However, research has revealed a bidirectional relationship between seizures and psychiatric disorders, meaning that the presence of one increases the risk of developing the other.
This thesis comprises four studies on the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms. Paper I and III are population-based retrospective observational studies investigating prevalence and directionality. Paper II is a case report illustrating the complexity of ictal psychiatric symptoms and Paper IV is a retrospective case-control study where clinical epilepsy predictors of psychiatric comorbidity are in focus.
In Paper I, we used diagnostic codes from the specialist health care services to compare the proportion and age and sex distribution of substance use disorders and psychotic disorders among adults with epilepsy to the population without epilepsy. Overall, 0.9% of Norwegian adults had been registered with epilepsy in somatic hospitals during 2008-2012. We found an elevated adjusted relative risk for substance use disorders, bipolar disorders, and psychoses in people with epilepsy. The prevalence of these disorders was higher in all agegroups and both sexes of people with epilepsy compared to the population without epilepsy, it was also higher when compared to patients with diabetes, another chronic disorder.
Paper II is a case report where we explored ictal psychiatric symptoms in the form of complex visual pseudo-hallucinations. The ictal symptoms ranged from simple, unilateral visual phenomena of flickering light to bilateral scenic visions of places feeling familiar. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) findings and seizure semiology corresponded to a lesion in the posterior section of the right parahippocampal gyrus which is part of the neuronal network responsible for linking visual information with memory and spatial mapping and navigation. The findings suggest that this particular network is crucial for the semiology of experiential seizures with visual hallucinations and elements of recall.
In Paper III, we investigated the directionality of epilepsy and psychosis by using prescription data. The prevalence of epilepsy in the adult population of Norway was 0.8%, the same as for psychosis. Moreover, the prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy was 2.8% and that of epilepsy in psychosis was 3.1%. Our study confirmed a bidirectional relationship, but surprisingly, we found that a larger portion of subjects (56%) had started antipsychotic treatment prior to onset of epilepsy treatment than the other way around.
In Paper IV we aimed to study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity according to clinical epilepsy characteristics in a sample of 448 HUNT-participants with validated and classified epilepsy. We found that 35% had at least one psychiatric disorder. The prevalence was equal in focal and generalized epilepsy but was significantly lower in those with an unknown epilepsy type. In focal epilepsy, unknown etiology, presence of focal to bilateral tonic clonic (FTC) seizures, a younger age at epilepsy onset, and being female were characteristics associated with an increased prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Structural etiology and age at epilepsy onset ≥ 60 years were features accompanied by a reduced risk. Interestingly, those with epilepsy resolved at final follow-up had a slightly higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity compared to those with active epilepsy. The findings show that prevalence varies according to clinical characteristics of epilepsy and support a potential shared susceptibility for epilepsy and psychiatric disease.
The present studies provide clinically relevant knowledge about prevalence and risk factors of psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy in Norway. Future research should further explore the multifactorial mechanisms behind this association
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
