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integrasi sosial masyarakat multietnik di nagari sitiung kecamatan sitiung kabupaten dharmasraya
Full text linkABSTRAK
RETNO ANGGRAINI 1510812024. Jurusan Sosiologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Andalas Padang. Judul Skripsi: Integrasi Sosial Masyarakat Multietnik di Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Jumlah halaman 103 lembar. Pembimbing I Dr.Indraddin, S.Sos. M.Si, Pembimbing II Aziwarti, S.H, M.Hum.
Program transmigrasi salah satu penyebab munculnya masyarakat multietnik di suatu tempat, karena selain adanya etnik yang berbeda yang di pindahkan ke daerah tersebut, juga mengundang datangnya etnik lain dari berbagai tempat sebagai dampak adanya perkembangan ekonomi baru di daerah tujuan transmigrasi. Di banyak tempat di Indonesia terjadi konflik antara masyarakat pribumi dengan etnik pendatang. Berbeda dengan Nagari Sitiung, dengan program transmigrasi bedol desa semenjak tahun 1976 terdapat masyarakat dengan berbagai etnik dengan etnik dominan Minangkabau dan Jawa, terwujud kehidupan yang harmonis di tengah masyarakat. Maka menarik diteliti bagimana bekerjanya institusi sosial di tengah masyarakat mewujudkan kehidupan yang harmonis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk menganalisis bekerjanya institusi sosial masyarakat multietnik, sehingga terjadi integrasi sosial yang harmonis, 2) Mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk integrasi sosial masyarakat multietnik, sehingga mendukung terjadinya kehidupan sosial yang harmonis.
Sebagai pisau analisis penelitian ini digunakan teori pilihan rasional yang dikemukakan oleh James Coleman. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan tipe penelitian yang digunkan adalah deskriptif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam.
Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi sosial masyarakat terjadi dengan bekerjanya institusi sosial dalam masyarakat yang dapat mengintegrasikan masyarakat terutama dua etnik yang dominan (etnik Jawa dan Minangkabau). Institusi sosial masyarakat yang bekerja antara lain institusi perkawinan dan keluarga, institusi politik, institusi pendidikan, institusi agama, institusi ekonomi. Bentuk kerjasama antar etnik mendukung terjadinya integrasi sosial adalah kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat multietnik tersebut, seperti dalam dalam aktivitas pendidikan, pelaksanaan upacara adat, upacara agama, gotong royong dalam berbagai aktivitas pembangunan dan pengambilan keputusan dalam nagari.
Kata Kunci: Integrasi Sosial, Multietnik, Program Transmigrasi, Institusi Sosial.
ABSTRACT
RETNO ANGGRAINI 1510812024. Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. Thesis Title: Social Integration of Multi-ethnic Communities in Nagari Sitiung, Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. Number of pages 103 sheets. Advisor I Dr. Indraddin, S. Sos. M.Si, Advisor II Aziwarti, S.H, M.Hum.
The transmigration program is one of the causes of the multi-ethnic communities in a place, because in addition to the presence of different ethnic groups being moved to the area, it also invites the arrival of other ethnic groups from various places as a result of new economic developments in the direction of transmigration destinations. In many places in Indonesia there are conflicts between indigenous people and ethnic migrants. In contrast to Nagari Sitiung, with the village bedol transmigration program since 1976 there are people with various ethnicities with dominant ethnic groups Minangkabau and Javanese, creating a harmonious life in the community. So it is interesting to be researched how the functioning of social institutions in the community creates a harmonious life. The purpose of this study is 1) to analyze the workings of multi-ethnic community social institutions, so that harmonious social integration takes place, 2) Describe the forms of social integration of multi-ethnic societies, so as to support harmonious social life.
As a knife for analyzing this research, the theory rational choice was used by James Coleman. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach, while the type of research used is descriptive. Selection of informants by using purposive sampling. Data collection is done by using observation techniques and in-depth interviews.
The research results show that social integration of the community occurs by the work of social institutions in the community that can integrate the community, especially the two dominant ethnic groups (Javanese and Minangkabau). Social institutions that work include marriage and family institutions, political institutions, educational institutions, religious institutions, economic institutions. Forms of cooperation between ethnic groups supporting social integration are collaboration carried out by the multi-ethnic community, such as in educational activities, the implementation of traditional ceremonies, religious ceremonies, mutual cooperation in various development activities and decision making in Nagari Sitiung.
Keywords: Social Integration, Multiethnic, Transmigration Program, Social Institutions
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