419 research outputs found
Is young adult excess mortality a natural phenomenon?
No full textThe risk of death is high at birth and during the first years of life, but it decreases through childhood to a minimum at around 10 years. It then begins a steady increase throughout adult life. Young adults, however, are often an exception, with higher than expected mortality, as Adrien Remund, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, and Tim Riffe explain. Is this natural in humans, or are there other factors involved
Is young adult excess mortality a natural phenomenon?
No full textThe risk of death is high at birth and during the first years of life, but it decreases through childhood to a minimum at around 10 years. It then begins a steady increase throughout adult life. Young adults, however, are often an exception, with higher than expected mortality, as Adrien Remund, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, and Tim Riffe explain. Is this natural in humans, or are there other factors involved
Is young adult excess mortality a natural phenomenon?
No full textThe risk of death is high at birth and during the first years of life, but it decreases through childhood to a minimum at around 10 years. It then begins a steady increase throughout adult life. Young adults, however, are often an exception, with higher than expected mortality, as Adrien Remund, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, and Tim Riffe explain. Is this natural in humans, or are there other factors involved
Young Adult Excess Mortality in Switzerland: The Role of Socioeconomic Vulnerability
No full textEarly adulthood is often characterized by a phase of excess mortality. It is not dear whether this temporary increase in the risk of death occurs because of biological or contextual forces, nor whether this threat concerns all individuals of the same cohort. Age-specific mortality differentials from 10 to 34 years of age are calculated using a unique dataset that includes all individuals living in Switzerland born between 1975 and 1979. Certain risk factors act with variable intensity and follow patterns similar to the hump observed in the overall age-specific mortality risk. The results suggest that socioeconomic mortality differentials partly shape the hump. The division of the cohort into multiple subpopulations representing various levels of vulnerability shows that although a minority of Swiss youth experience a phase of temporary excess mortality, this is not the case for all groups of individuals. Overall, the results indicate that a favourable social context offsets the stress associated with the transition to adulthood and helps avoid the phase of heightened risk of death during this period of life
Inequalities in healthy life expectancy in Switzerland since 1990
No full textLa plupart des pays à haut revenu comme la Suisse connaissent un accroissement de l’espérance de vie, mais ce gain est-il le même pour tous ? Et est-il synonyme d’une vie plus longue en bonne santé pour tous ? Utilisant les données de la Cohorte Nationale Suisse et de l’Enquête suisse sur la santé, cette étude montre que les femmes et les hommes ont gagné respectivement 3 ans et 5 ans de vie totale et environ autant en bonne santé sur la période 1990 à 2014. Cependant, le gain d’espérance de vie en bonne santé n’est pas le même selon le niveau d’éducation, stagnant chez les personnes avec un niveau de formation bas (scolarité obligatoire) et augmentant plus vite que l’espérance de vie totale chez celles avec une formation universitaire. Ces résultats montrent que les progrès de santé sont inéquitablement répartis en Suisse
Law & Economics Perspectives on Electricity Regulation
No full textThis paper first reviews some of the main contributions of the new institutional economics to the analysis of the process of competitive transformation of network industries. It shows that neoinstitutional analysis is complementary to the microeconomics of rational pricing, since it accounts for the decisive role of an institutional framework adapted to new transactions. It emphasizes the importance of the political reform process, which draws on the conditions of attractiveness and feasibility to define an initial reorganization of property rights in these industries. The paper then analyzes in this light some of the main challenges ahead for electricity regulation: the question of investment in generation capacities and the link to long term contracts, the regulation of wholesale market power, the support to Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity (RES-E) and the design of new regulatory authorities.Electricity Markets; New Institutional Economics; Law & Economics
They came and went. An exploratory journey into the mathematics of return migration
No full textIn this article, I apply the principles of formal demography to a little-studied aspect of migration, return migration. I exploit certain similarities with mortality settings to propose some key indicators such as rates of return-migration and migration prevalence and incidence. These indicators are applied to the case of 19th-century Geneva, and prove to be especially useful to highlight alternative expectations of the migrants toward the city, as well as long term trends of the schedule of migration. I conclude that migration studies, and particularly migration history, would profit from the adoption of such measures by a larger audience
Jeunesses vulnérables ? Mesures, composantes et causes de la surmortalité des jeunes adultes
No full textLe début de l'âge adulte se manifeste dans la majorité des populations humaines par une augmentation du risque de décès. Ce phénomène démographique peut s'expliquer globalement de trois manières différentes: un tumulte endogène lié au développement psychologique, une réaction à l'environnement socioéconomie entourant l'accession aux rôles adultes ou un effet de sélection du à la présence d'un petit groupe d'individus particulièrement vulnérables. Cette thèse compare ces trois explications de manière empirique d'une part en étudiant plus de 10'000 populations du monde entier, et d'autre part en utilisant les registres de décès helvétiques pour étudier les inégalités des jeunes face à la mort. Elle conclut que ce phénomène n'est pas universel et n'est donc pas une fatalité. L'influence des inégalités individuelles, du contexte socio-historique de transition à l'âge adulte et des effets de sélection dominent les explications endogènes communément admises
Rester ou repartir ? Une analyse des usages de la ville par les migrants dans la Genève des années 1837-1843
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