117 research outputs found
Le traitement du nom dans Denier du rêve (1934) : la culture onomastique italienne de Marguerite Yourcenar
No full textIn 1934, Denier du rêve by Marguerite Yourcenar, was one of the first French novels, if not the first, to turn the spotlight on the contemporary Italian Fascist regime. The book is set in Rome, in 1933, and is built around a small number of characters from different geographical, social and cultural backgrounds and this determines the choice of anthroponyms with notable forms from a diatopic, diastratic and even diachronic point of view. For other characters, however, a Cratylian (Roland Barthes, 1971) function of the name should be singled out, as the forms of the name are loaded with implicit semantic information.
We would also like to dwell on some hypocoristic forms alien to the Italian onomastic heritage and ones which the author corrected in subsequent editions of the novel. The writer, in fact, takes one of the formal procedures used to create these kinds of names which requires the name to be shortened. However, while the method is well suited to certain types of formations, others prove insufficient to undergo this change and give rise to unconventional anthroponimic creations
Computational sarcasm detection and understanding in online communication
No full textThe presence of sarcasm in online communication has motivated an increasing number of computational investigations of sarcasm across the scientific community. In this thesis, we build upon these investigations. Pointing out their limitations, we bring four contributions that span two research directions: sarcasm detection and sarcasm understanding.
Sarcasm detection is the task of building computational models optimised for recognising sarcasm in a given text.
These models are often built in a supervised learning paradigm, relying on datasets of texts labelled for sarcasm.
We bring two contributions in this direction.
First, we question the effectiveness of previous methods used to label texts for sarcasm. We argue that the labels they produce might not coincide with the sarcastic intention of the authors of the texts that they are labelling.
In response, we suggest a new method, and we use it to build iSarcasm, a novel dataset of sarcastic and non-sarcastic tweets.
We show that previous models achieve considerably lower performance on iSarcasm than on previous datasets, while human annotators achieve a considerably higher performance, compared to models, pointing out the need for more effective models.
Therefore, as a second contribution, we organise a competition that invites the community to create such models.
Sarcasm understanding is the task of explicating the phenomena that are subsumed under the umbrella of sarcasm through computational investigation.
We bring two contributions in this direction.
First, we conduct an alaysis into the socio-demographic ecology of sarcastic exchanges between human interlocutors. We find that the effectiveness of such exchanges is influenced by the socio-demographic similarity between the interlocutors, with factors such as English language nativeness, age, and gender, being particualry influential. We suggest that future social analysis tools should account for these factors.
Second, we challenge the motivation of a recent endeavour of the community; mainly, that of augmenting dialogue systems with the ability to generate sarcastic responses. Through a series of social experiments, we provide guidelines for dialogue systems concerning the appropriateness of generating sarcastic responses, and the formulation of such responses.
Through our work, we aim to encourage the community to consider computational investigations of sarcasm interdisciplinarily, at the intersection of natural language processing and computational social science
Exploring Author Context for Detecting Intended vs Perceived Sarcasm
No full textWe investigate the impact of using author context on textual sarcasm detection. We define author context as the embedded representation of their historical posts on Twitter and suggest neural models that extract these representations. We experiment with two tweet datasets, one labelled manually for sarcasm, and the other via tag-based distant supervision. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on the second dataset, but not on the one labelled manually, indicating a difference between intended sarcasm, captured by distant supervision, and perceived sarcasm, captured by manual labelling.<br/
Exploring Author Context for Detecting Intended vs Perceived Sarcasm
No full textWe investigate the impact of using author context on textual sarcasm detection. We define author context as the embedded representation of their historical posts on Twitter and suggest neural models that extract these representations. We experiment with two tweet datasets, one labelled manually for sarcasm, and the other via tag-based distant supervision. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on the second dataset, but not on the one labelled manually, indicating a difference between intended sarcasm, captured by distant supervision, and perceived sarcasm, captured by manual labelling.<br/
Mapping interventional cardiology in Europe: the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) Atlas Project
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Heart Journal, following peer review. The version of record: Emanuele Barbato, Marko Noc, Andreas Baumbach, Dariusz Dudek, Matjaz Bunc, Emmanouil Skalidis, Adrian Banning, Jacek Legutko, Nils Witt, Manuel Pan, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Holger Nef, Giuseppe Tarantini, Dzianis Kazakiewicz, Radu Huculeci, Stephane Cook, Ahmed Magdy, Walter Desmet, Guillaume Cayla, Dragos Vinereanu, Michiel Voskuil, Omer Goktekin, Panos Vardas, Adam Timmis, Michael Haude, Mapping interventional cardiology in Europe: the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) Atlas Project, European Heart Journal, Volume 41, Issue 27, 14 July 2020, Pages 2579–2588, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa475
is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa47
ASSESSMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES OF URINARY TUBERCULOSIS
No full textKhalid Ghaleb a,* , Magdy Afifib, Mohamad El-Gohary c
aDepartment of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Bisha 551, Saudia Arabia
bDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
cDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
• The corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Current Tel: 00966595388496 Saudia, 00201119338055 Egypt
The place of the study worked : Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt, e-mail: [email protected] Tel: 00201006554961
Abstract
Early diagnosis of active tuberculosis remains an elusive challenge. In addition, one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and up to 10% of infected individuals develop tuberculosis (TB) in their lifetime. In this investigation, the incidence of urinary tuberculosis among renal patients was studied. Three hundreds urine samples were processed for detection of Mtb by Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) smear examination, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium, radiometric BACTEC460 system as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA Enzyme Immunoassay (DEIA) test. Out of 300 urine samples, 2 were positive by both ZN smears and LJ medium with incidence rate of 0.66 %, 3 positive samples by BACTEC460 culture system with incidence of 1%. PCR assay gave more positive results than smear and culture examination (i.e. 8 positive samples with incidence rate of 2.6%). The specificities were 25% for both ZN smears and LJ medium, 37.5% for BACTEC460 culture system, and 100% for PCR test, while sensitivities of all assays were 100%. Thus PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for the early diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis.
Keywords:
List of abbreviations:Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB)-Base pair (bp)-DNA Enzyme Immunoassay (DEIA) -Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB)-International Union Against Tuberculosis (IUAT)-Lowenstein Jensen (LJ)-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) -Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Tuberculosis (TB)-Urinary Tuberculosis (UTB-Urogenital Tuberculosis (UGTB)-Ziehl-Neelson (ZN
*Corresponding author
No full text14 Int. J. Embedded Systems, Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, 2005 Copyright © 2005 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. A methodology for validation of microprocessor
Expression and perception of identity through skin-toned emoji
No full textThe introduction of emoji skin tone modifiers to the Unicode Standard in 2015 was met with considerable debate on the extent to which these emoji would be used, who would actually use them, and what they would actually be used for. I evaluate such claims against large datasets drawn from social media and find evidence that people generally produce skin-toned emoji which align with their real-world identity. I also identify particular variations in emoji production based on real-life skin tone and geographical location, as well as the context in which emoji are used. I test experimentally the extent to which people perceive identity from the emoji that others produce, finding that these emoji are strongly considered to represent specific identities for both authors and readers of social media. Even default yellow emoji without a skin tone are associated with a particular identity. The ability of emoji to index identity for both author and reader is a property found in language, where one consequence of this is a difference in attitudes, responses or behaviours towards perceived identities. Whether the indexicality of emoji can similarly affect behavioural outcomes is tested experimentally, where no such effect is found
- …
