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EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata) DAN DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachtin indica) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT
Get PDFABSTRAKPenurunan hasil tomat disebabkan oleh kendala iklim, hama dan penyakit. Hama yang umum menyerang tanaman tomat adalah ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Hama ulat grayak mampu menurunkan hasil hingga 85% dan bahkan kegagalan panen. Mengingat berbagai dampak negatif pestisida kimia, perlu dilakukan penggunaan pestisida nabati. Pestisida nabati merupakan pestisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, terpenoid, fenolik. Senyawa tersebut berfungsi sebagai penolak, penarik, antifertilitas (pemandul) dan pembunuh. Keuntungan penggunaan pestisida nabati adalah mudah terurai sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan, relatif aman bagi manusia dan hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun mimba dan daun sirsak terhadap larva ulat grayak instar 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pada bulan Desember 2022-Januari 2023 di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang. Parameter yang diamati meliputi larva berhenti makan, mortalitas, kecepatan kematian, dan intensitas serangan pada daun. Data dianalisa menggunakan Anova dan diuji lanjut dengan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak pestisida nabati berpengaruh terhadap persentase larva ulat grayak berhenti makan, mortalitas, kecepatan kematian, dan intensitas serangan. Ekstrak daun mimba 80 ml sama efektifnya dengan ekstrak daun sirsak 80%. Pada 8 JSA ekstrak daun mimba dan ekstrak daun sirsak mampu menekan larva berhenti makan berturut-turut sebesar 17.50% dan 15%; pada 48 JSA mengakibatkan mortalitas larva ulat grayak sebesar 42.5% dan 40.00%; pada 48 JSA mengakibatkan kecepatan kematian sebesar 7.80 ekor/jam dan 7.35 ekor/jam; pada 72 JSA mengakibatkan kerusakan pada daun tomat sebesar 20.00% dan 22.50%. ABSTRACTThe decline in tomato yields is caused by climate constraints, pests and diseases. The common pest that attacks tomato plants is the armyworm (Spodoptera litura). Armyworm pests can reduce yields by up to 85% and even crop failure. Considering the various negative impacts of chemical pesticides, it is necessary to use plant-based pesticides. Botanical pesticides are pesticides derived from plants that contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics. This compound functions as a repellent, attractant, antifertility (sterile) and killer. The advantage of using vegetable pesticides is that they are easily decomposed so they do not pollute the environment, and are relatively safe for humans and animals. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of neem and soursop leaf extracts against second instar armyworm larvae. The research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in December 2022-January 2023 at the Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang. Parameters observed included larvae stopping eating, mortality, speed of death, and intensity of attacks on leaves. Data were analyzed using Anova and tested further with the 5% BNJ test. The results of the study showed that treatment with vegetable pesticide extracts affected the percentage of armyworm larvae that stopped eating, mortality, speed of death, and intensity of attacks. 80 ml neem leaf extract is as effective as 80% soursop leaf extract. At 8 JSA neem leaf extract and soursop leaf extract were able to suppress larvae from stopping eating by 17.50% and 15% respectively; at 48 JSA resulted in armyworm larval mortality of 42.5% and 40.00%; at 48 JSA resulted in a death rate of 7.80 individuals/hour and 7.35 individuals/hour; at 72 JSA resulted in damage to tomato leaves of 20.00% and 22.50%. Â
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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