292 research outputs found
Covid-19 Diagnosis from X-Ray Images using Support Vector Machine
No full textAbstract: Coronavirus disease strike the world in 2019 and commonly called COVID-19 with its update given by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019. It infected more than 100 countries, an infectious disease strike the whole world and people of all age groups became a global health emergency. This disease can transmit from person to person through respiratory droplets and thus is highly contagious. The second wave almost killed billions of persons and lead to several liver problems, pneumonia, respiratory failure, cardiovascular diseases, etc. This can be symptomatic as well as asymptomatic in some patients and thus lead to increased communicability. Machine Learning is a latest trend currently useful in almost all research areas. Using these techniques to diagnose corona makes it highly feasible to cope up with this emergency. Different methods for testing corona virus are present but they require huge delay, are expensive, highly dependent test kits, higher negative false rate and prone to human errors. In this article we provide the state of the art of the covid diagnosis using Chest X ray images and this can guide both clinicians and technologists. A support vector machine is used to train the model and classify images into normal, pneumonia, and covid images. An overall accuracy of 95% is achieved using this method.
Keywords: COVID-19, Corona Virus, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, X-ray images, Pneumonia.
Title: Covid-19 Diagnosis from X-Ray Images using Support Vector Machine
Author: Satyendra Kumar Sagar
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
ISSN 2350-1022
Vol. 9, Issue 2, October 2022 - March 2023
Page No: 24-32
Paper Publications
Website: www.paperpublications.org
Published Date: 16-December-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7446436
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Covid-19%20Diagnosis%20from%20X-Ray-16122022-2.pdfInternational Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology, ISSN 2350-1022, Paper Publications, Website: www.paperpublications.or
Scientometric Portrait of Homi Jehangir Bhabha: The Father of Indian Nuclear Research Programme
No full textQuantitative and qualitative analysis with graphic representation of the publication productivity of a scientist facilitates easy and clear perception about the work of a scientist. Bhabha’s scientific work spanned over more than three decades (1933-1967) during which he published 104 publications, which could be classified into nine fields: Interaction of Radiation with Matter (4), Quantum Electrodynamics (5), Mathematical Physics (2), Cosmic Ray Physics (18), Elementary Particle Physics (14), Field Theory (15), General Physics (2), Nuclear Physics (4) and General (40). The highest number of publications (6) were published in 1941, 1945 and 1964 respectively. The average number of publications published per year was 3.05. His productivity coefficient was 0.05 which is a clear indicates that his publication productivity was quite consistent throughout his scientific career. He was single author in 79 of his publications and the main author in 24 publications indicates that he always preferred to work himself and lead the team as ‘mentor’. Bhabha had 22 collaborators during the period. Team of research collaborators working with a successful scientist documents the sociological aspect of history of science while generating knowledge by a leader in a domain.
Bhabha became a citable author in 1937. Bhabha received 1211 citations to his 30 publications out of 104 publications. Out of 104, 74 publications did not receive any citations. Out of 74 publications, 40 publications dealt subjects mainly of general interest. Bhabha’s 86.66 percent of cited publications received their first citations within four years of their publication indicates that his publications were noticed immediately and had direct impact among the fellow researchers working all over the world. His overall citation rate was 11.64 per cited publication. The highest citations 389 were received to the domain ‘Cosmic ray physics’. The highest number of citations received were 45 in 1938. His self-citations were only 24 (1.98%) and citations by others were 1187 (98.02%). The highest self citations were six in 1946. Bhabha’s mean diachronous self-citation rate was 1.98. The highest citation rate 28.4 was to the domain ‘Quantum electrodynamics. His single authored publications have received the highest number 863 (71.26%) of citations. Bhabha’s five publications have been cited more than 100 times each. His publications have been cited by the authors working in various diverse fields like nuclear physics, mathematical physics, instrumentation, optics, geophysics and geochemistry, condensed matter physics, applied physics, electrical and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering etc., indicating a very diverse influence and impact of Bhabha’s publications. Bhabha’s publications have also been cited by the Nobel laureates like V. L. Ginzberg, Wolfgang Pauli, H. A. Bethe, M. Born, W. Bothe, E. P. Wigner, H. Yukawa, P. M. S. Blackett and C. N. Yang which is an indication of his originality of ideas and high quality of publications
Chiral tricyclic triazolooxazine derived mesoionic carbene (MIC)-Pd(II) complexes of cyclohexene oxide scaffold: Synthesis, structure, and characterizations
No full textWe herein report the well-defined two novel chiral palladium(II) complexes 1(b−c), of the chiral N-fused tricyclic triazolooxazine derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligand 1a. The chiral tricyclic PEPPSI type complex (pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation stabilization and initiation) namely, trans-[tz-MIC)-PdI2(pyridine)] (1b), and the chiral tricyclic bis(tz-MIC)-palladium complex namely, cis-[tz-MIC)2-PdCl2] (1c). The chiral tricyclic trans-[tz-MIC)-PdI2(pyridine)] PEPPSI type complex (pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation stabilization and initiation) (1b) was directly obtained from their respective chiral tricyclic triazolooxazinium iodide salt (1a), by treatment with PdCl2 and K2CO3 in pyridine in 77% yield. The chiral tricyclic triazolooxazinium iodide salt (1a), was first converted to its in-situ silver analogue by reaction with Ag2O and then subsequently upon treatment with (COD)PdCl2 to produce the chiral tricyclic (tz-MIC)2PdCl2 type palladium complex (1c) in 84% yield. All these palladium complexes were isolated for the first time and structurally characterized by 1H NMR and 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography.MKG thanks to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR File No: 09/087(0663)/2010-EMR-I), New Delhi, for financial support of this research. The author gratefully acknowledge to the Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, India. The author also thanks to Professor P. Ghosh from Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, for his technical support. The author thanks to Professor Raymond John Butcher for solving the Single Crystal X-ray structures. The author gratefully acknowledge to CSIR, New Delhi for research fellowship
Axially chiral bis-1,2,3-Triazol-4-ylidene–Ag(I)-MIC and, bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes of (R)-BINOL and (-)-Menthol scaffold: Synthesis, structure, and characterizations
No full textHerein, we report the novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC and, bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes bearing axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligands were synthesized. The enantiopure R-BINOL was employed as a basic unit to synthesize a axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligands (1–2)a. In particular, the axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligands (1–2)a, were obtained from the reaction of corresponding bis-1,2,3-triazole ligand precursor with methyl and ethyl iodide in 82−90% yields. Novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC complexes (1 − 2)b, were prepared by the treatment of corresponding axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) iodide salts, (1 − 2)a, with Ag2O via in-situ deprotonation method in 69−86% yields. Novel axially chiral bis-Au(I)-MIC complex-2c was synthesized from their respective novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC complex-2b, using transmetallation reaction with (SMe2)AuCl in 70% yield. All these novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC and bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes were isolated for the first time and structurally characterized by 1H NMR and 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, specific optical rotation and, single crystal X-ray crystallography.MKG thanks to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR File No: 09/087(0663)/2010-EMR-I), New Delhi, for financial support of this research. The author gratefully acknowledge to the Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, India. The author also thanks to Professor P. Ghosh from Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, for his technical support. The author thanks to Professor Raymond John Butcher for solving the Single Crystal X-ray structures. The author gratefully acknowledge to CSIR, New Delhi for research fellowship
Portable mini-chamber for temperature dependent studies using small angle and wide angle x-ray scattering
No full textThe present work describes the design and performance of a vacuum compatible portable mini chamber for temperature dependent GISAXS and GIWAXS studies of thin films and multilayer structures. The water cooled body of the chamber allows sample annealing up to 900 K using ultra high vacuum compatible (UHV) pyrolytic boron nitride heater, thus making it possible to study the temperature dependent evolution of structure and morphology of two-dimensional nanostructured materials. Due to its light weight and small size, the chamber is portable and can be accommodated at synchrotron facilities worldwide. A systematic illustration of the versatility of the chamber has been demonstrated at beamline P03, PETRA-III, DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Temperature dependent grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing incidence wide angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements were performed on oblique angle deposited Co/Ag multilayer structure, which jointly revealed that the surface diffusion in Co columns in Co/Ag multilayer enhances by increasing temperature from RT to ∼573 K. This results in a morphology change from columnar tilted structure to densely packed morphological isotropic multilayer</p
Harnessing Dual-Functionality of N, F-Codoped SnO2 Material for Efficient Hydrogen Generation and Dye Degradation
No full textThe need for pollution-free energy generation and water treatment is urgent, but more significantly, affordable energy supplies are currently the focus of study. Hydrogen is one of the energy sources that is thought to be pure and clean. This work uses N, F-codoped SnO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydrogen production and dye degradation. At room temperature, a straightforward synthetic method based on solutions has been used to easily incorporate N and F into the SnO2 lattice. Utilizing various scavengers, the photocatalytic water splitting process was carried out. A combination of sacrificial agents was used to get the highest possible hydrogen output. Numerous methods were employed to characterize the generated nanoparticles. Using powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, the phase identity and surface characteristics of the N, F-codoped SnO2 nanoparticles were verified, whereas the elemental percentage composition was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A wide bandwidth is seen in the Raman spectra, which suggests the presence of oxygen vacancies and structural disorder brought about by the addition of N and F dopants. In light of this, this work investigates the possibility of N, F-codoped SnO2 as a photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and creates new avenues for the production of energy and environmental concerns.One of the authors, Sanjeev Kumar is thankful to Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) for Senior Research Fellowship. Author, Bhawna is thankful to USIC, University of Delhi, (India); SCNS, and AIRF, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India) for instrumentation and characterization facilities
A numerical simulation of shear flow past two equal sized square cylinders arranged in parallel at Re = 500
No full textModel-Dependent High-Energy Neutrino Flux from Gamma-Ray Bursts
No full textThe IceCube Collaboration recently reported a stringent upper limit on the high energy neutrino flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which provides a meaningful constraint on the standard internal shock model. Recent broadband electromagnetic observations of GRBs also challenge the internal shock paradigm for GRBs, and some competing models for gamma-ray prompt emission have been proposed. We describe a general scheme for calculating the GRB neutrino flux, and compare the predicted neutrino flux levels for different models. We point out that the current neutrino flux upper limit starts to constrain the standard internal shock model. The dissipative photosphere models are also challenged if the cosmic ray luminosity from GRBs is at least 10 times larger than the gamma-ray luminosity. If the neutrino flux upper limit continues to go down in the next few years, then it would suggest the following possibilities: (i) the photon-to-proton luminosity ratio in GRBs is anomalously high for shocks, which may be achieved in some dissipative photosphere models and magnetic dissipation models; or (ii) the GRB emission site is at a larger radius than the internal shock radius, as expected in some magnetic dissipation models such as the internal collision-induced magnetic reconnection and turbulence model. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.121101Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)EIPubMed21ARTICLE1212110111
Blockchain Applications in Retail Cybersecurity: Enhancing Supply Chain Integrity, Secure Transactions, and Data Protection
No full textBlockchain technology has proven a powerful tool for reinforcing cybersecurity in the retail sector. This research offers an extensive overview of the applications of blockchain in retail cybersecurity, particularly, underscoring supply chain integrity, data protection, and transaction security. The research explored how blockchain can facilitate provenance and traceability well as prevent counterfeiting and enhance vendor management in the supply chain. It also explores how blockchain-based payment frameworks and fraud detection systems can boost transaction security. Moreover, the study assesses the capability of blockchain to safeguard data via privacy and consent management, and secure and immutable data storage. The findings outline the capability of blockchain technology to diminish risks, enhance transparency, and affirm trust in retail cybersecurity. While challenges are inevitable, such as regulatory and scalability considerations, the research infers that blockchain technology presents noteworthy opportunities for innovation and advancement in the retail industry\u27s cybersecurity landscape
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