1,720,962 research outputs found
Die Textstruktur als Navigationssystem: Lesepfade und ihre Auswirkung auf das Verstehen von Informationen im Medium Hypertext.
Get PDFIn this empirical study on navigational behavior the influence of the independent variable textual structure on the dependent variables reading speed and comprehension was tested on the basis of three different hypertext structures. For this purpose a source text on the topic of speed reading was transformed into a linear, an axial and a networked hypertext. The subjects in this test series were 60 students of English and American studies from the University of Graz, who were all at level C1 according to the Common European Framework. The results of the one-way analysis of variance show a highly significant effect of the variable textual structure on reading comprehension (p=, 005, Duncan Post Hoc Test). The axial text structure, which is hierarchically organized, led to the best comprehension results. However, no significant evidence for a relationship between textual structure and reading speed could be provided. Data gathered from interviews conducted after the online reading test suggests that the segmentation of textual information through the use of hyperlinks facilitates the recognition of semantic relations between functional text components. Links are perceived as providing additional cohesive features which allow identifying the hierarchical organization of macropropositions within texts. Moreover, hierarchically organized hypertexts cause least navigational problems and facilitate the locating of information. Another finding is that prototypical hypertext structures trigger prototypical navigational behavior. In the final section of the paper, the relevance of the presented results to Web design and the development of adaptive hypertexts are discussed
Effektiver lesen mit Superstrukturen eine empirische Untersuchung anhand der Fachtextsorte Abstract
No full textKeep an eye on information processing: Eye tracking evidence for the influence of hypertext structures on navigational behaviour and textual complexity
Get PDFIn the following empirical study the influence of hypertext structures on the processing of information will be examined using eye tracking data. It will be tested whether the organizational structure of hypertexts influences
navigational behaviour. Moreover we want to find out whether the information architecture has an effect on the number and duration of fixations and reading comprehension. A source text on the topic of speed reading consisting of 597 words was converted into an axial and a networked hypertext. The subjects in this test series were 22 students of English and American studies from Graz University, who were all on the level of C1 according to the common European Framework of Reference. To sample the position of the user’s eye on an average of every 20 ms the Eye Tracker Tobii 1750 was used. The data were analyzed using the software program Clearview. The eye tracking data depicting scan paths and hot spot images of areas of highest fixation count suggest that prototypical hypertext structures trigger prototypical gaze patterns, which means that the order in which links and nodes received their first fixation was stable. The average dwell time in the defined areas of interest was lower in the network structure while the axial structure produced fewer regressive eye movements and caused fewer orientation problems. The presentation format did not significantly affect comprehension
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hypertextual information structures and their influence on reading comprehension: an empirical study
Get PDFThe aim of this empirical study is to evaluate information structures in hypertexts and their effect on reading comprehension. This comparison of how well students comprehend three different structures of hypertext offers new insights into the comprehension process and has the potential to inform the design of websites. In the first section of this paper, the global structure of hypertexts is discussed. In the second section, the subject of navigation within hypertext is related to the theoretical framework of schema theory. The third section describes the empirical study, in which linear, axial and networked hypertexts are used in a series of tests focusing on reading comprehension. The comprehension results are correlated to textual structure and reading time. The results indicate that axial structures are more beneficial to comprehension than networked or linearly arranged hypertext and support the readers’ understanding and memory of content better. The fourth section is devoted to implications for language teaching and outlines several activities for activating learners’ hypertextual schemata. Finally, suggestions for further research and the design of Web pages are made, pleading for displays that combine a record of the user’s path through the document with a map of currently available links
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
