1,721,010 research outputs found
A critical evaluation of the influence of different panel composition in the measurement of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry
No full textOdour concentration expressed in terms of OUE/m3by using the dynamic olfactometry analysis, standardized by the European Norm (EN) 13725 are by now the most commonly and worldwide accepted method to measure odours. The EN, first edition published in the year 2003, is actually under review process by the WG2 of the CEN/TC246 and the end of the revision work is expected for the year 2018. Related to the odour panel the standard fixes some parameters (e.g: Panel size). Nothing is, however, performed about the composition of the panel members in terms of their gender, the age of the involved persons and their origin and nationality. Also the current literature is limited to discussing how the measurement of emission rates derived from the same odour source could be related to the panel composition. The scope of this study is to investigate the influence on the determination of odour concentration with dynamic olfactometry, according to EN 13725 standards, applying different panel conditions, with the objective to define the optimal criteria to evaluate the odour concentration and obtain the highest repeatability and accuracy of the sensorial measure. A critical evaluation was carried out in relation to the same odour source with the comparison of the different panel composition (in terms of gender, age and nationality) to measure the odour concentration. In the experimental studies the measurements were conducted within 5 h after sampling to reduce the variability of the mixture and increase the reliability. All assessors who participate in odour measurements were qualified and tested according the quality criteria assurance foreseen by the EN13725. Studies were taken considering real environmental odour emissions collected at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The results obtained show a not significantly influence of the investigated characteristics of the single panel member in the repeatability assurance of the measure of the odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry. While a variation of the results in terms of OU/m3 is demonstrated related to the different nationality and biological factors (age and gender) of the assessors. There is therefore the need to consider these factors in the current odour determination practices, for example in calculating the uncertainty factor of the measurement
Fugitive methane and odour emission characterization at a composting plant using remote sensing measurements
No full textGaseous emissions of biowaste treatment facilities have several adverse effects. In Germany, a law to collect
biological waste separately was introduced in January 2015. Since then there is a discussion about greenhouse
gases which could be emitted in a significant rate and exceed the positive aspects. Default factors for methane
and nitrous oxide from biological treatments given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC)
suggests that fugitive emissions even from composting processes should not be neglected. The research work
presents an innovative method to quantify fugitive methane and odour emissions at a composting plant.
The proposed method uses a combination of a remote sensing measurements and the application of a backwards
Lagrangian stochastic (bLs) based micrometeorological dispersion modelling. The remote sensing technology is
based on the absorption of infrared light with a wavelength sensitive to the substance to be determined. With the
downwind measured methane concentration deducted by the upwind measured background concentration and the
known wind conditions, a gas dispersion is simulated back in time to estimate the gas emission rate of a plant. Using
the methane emissions as a tracer for dispersion characteristics in the atmosphere it is even possible to
estimate a more accurate odour emission rate from passive sources at composting plant
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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