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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The capability approach\'s contributions to the egalitarian liberalism
No full textO debate normativo entre Rawls e Sen teve seu início e boa parte de sua vigência dedicado ao tema da justiça distributiva, sobretudo à métrica das vantagens individuais. No entanto, essa discussão também se voltou mais recentemente à perti-nência das idealizações próprias à teoria política normativa de Rawls para o combate às injustiças e a promoção da justiça. À luz desse contexto, tenho dois objetivos nesta pesquisa: busco avaliar os méritos relativos das críticas de Sen a Rawls, para, em seguida, oferecer uma interpretação da justiça como equidade que responda às prin-cipais objeções de Sen e incorpore suas maiores preocupações normativas. A recons-trução argumentativa da justiça como equidade e do enfoque de capacidades foi orientada pela interpretação mais razoável que se pudesse depreender do conjunto das principais obras de ambos os autores, sempre ancorado pela contribuição de co-mentadores qualificados. Em relação à justiça distributiva, a avaliação normativa de casos críticos e de propostas de extensão da teoria de Rawls evidencia que as críticas de Sen não são justas com uma interpretação mais razoável da justiça como equi-dade, embora possam contribuir para o liberalismo-igualitário ao sugerir uma defini-ção mais objetiva e a decorrente incorporação de necessidades básicas às conside-rações sobre justiça social. Quanto à crítica mais recente ao caráter ideal da justiça como equidade, defendo que o liberalismo-igualitário rawlsiano não sofre de limita-ções de aplicação a condições não ideais, pois, em sua própria formulação, a teoria inclui um entendimento de que a aplicação dos princípios de justiça é gradual. Por conseguinte, concluo que o enfoque de capacidades é mais razoável se pensado como uma extensão da proposta normativa de Rawls e que a justiça como equidade cumpre as demandas a partir das quais Sen elabora suas críticas e sua contrapro-posta normativa.The normative debate among Rawls and Sen has been since its beginning and for most of its duration dedicated to the topic of distributive justice, mainly to the metric of individual advantages. Recently, however, this discussion has also turned to the appropriateness of Rawls\' idealizations in his normative theory to fight against in-justices and to further justice. Within this debate, I have two objectives in this work: I seek to assess the relative merits of Sen\'s critiques to Rawls in order to offer an inter-pretation of \"justice as fairness\" that replies Sen\'s main objections and incorporates his greatest normative concerns. The argumentative reconstruction of justice as fair-ness and the \"capability approach\" was oriented by the most reasonable interpretation drawn from both authors main works, always with the aid of qualified scholars. Re-garding the issues concerning distributive justice, the normative assessment of critical cases and extension proposals of Rawls\' theory shows that Sen\'s critiques are not fair with a more reasonable interpretation of \"justice as fairness\", although they may con-tribute to the egalitarian-liberalism in suggesting a more objective definition for the basic needs supposed by Rawls under the notion of \"social minimum\". As to the most recent critique to the ideal character of \"justice as fairness\", I argue that the Rawlsian egalitarian-liberalism has no serious limitations regarding its application to nonideal conditions, for, in its own formulation, the theory includes an understanding that the application of principles of justice is progressive. Therefore, I conclude that the capa-bility approach is more reasonable if taken as an extension of Rawls\' normative pro-posal and that \"justice as fairness\" meets the demands based on which Sen elaborates his critiques and his normative counter-proposal
Everywhere, all times: the death among homeless people in São Paulo during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2022)
No full textQual é a relação entre morte e o morar nas ruas? Essa questão tem sido explorada desde os anos 1970, sobretudo na Europa e na América do Norte, em estudos epidemiológicos que caracterizam o morar nas ruas como fator de risco para a mortalidade. No Brasil, a produção acadêmica sobre o tema é residual, concentrando-se ora na interpretação da morte como produto de uma gestão estatal da vida e dos corpos, ora na tematização do sentido da morte para pessoas em situação de rua e movimentos sociais. Ante a ausência de registros oficiais sistemáticos de óbitos de pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil, esta tese investiga fundamentos do que chamo de silêncio social em relação à morte de tais pessoas nos espaços públicos urbanos, particularmente na cidade de São Paulo durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Articulando a sociologia do \"desconhecimento\" de José de Souza Martins com a teoria das representações de Henri Lefebvre e a abordagem interacional espaço-temporal de Fraya Frehse, interrogo o que representações socialmente vigentes acerca do risco de morte de pessoas em situação de rua entre 2020 e 2022 simultaneamente revelam e ocultam a respeito dessa relação entre morte e o morar nas ruas, no âmbito do vivido lefebvriano. Para tanto, mobilizo três fontes documentais: atas do Comitê Intersetorial da Política Municipal para a População em Situação de Rua (Comitê PopRua), notícias publicadas nos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo, e relatos etnográficos produzidos no âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa e extensão universitária sobre o cotidiano do morar nas ruas na São Paulo da pandemia (2020-2022). Partindo dessa documentação, construo analiticamente cinco tipos de informantes desse cotidiano - gestores públicos, ativistas, repórteres, trabalhadores da linha de frente da saúde e assistência social, e pessoas em situação de rua. No conjunto documental, esses informantes se manifestam acerca do \"aqui e agora\" do morar nas ruas na São Paulo pandêmica, expressando representações socialmente vigentes acerca do risco de morte de pessoas em situação de rua nos espaços públicos paulistanos nesse contexto. A análise evidencia um desencontro nas temporalidades embutidas no modo como esses informantes tematizam tal risco. O conhecimento técnico-administrativo de gestores e ativistas e o conhecimento jornalístico associam o risco de morte dessas pessoas nos espaços públicos a temporalidades intermitentes, referentes a fenômenos epidemiológicos e ao regime anual das estações. Em contraste, o conhecimento crítico de trabalhadores da linha de frente da saúde e assistência social e das próprias pessoas em situação de rua sinaliza que o risco de morte é ubíquo, ali. Esse desencontro ajuda a explicar o relativo silêncio social aqui em foco: o que é vivido cotidianamente por pessoas em situação de rua como onipresente nos espaços públicos paulistanos durante a pandemia é representado por aqueles social, profissional e politicamente mais engajados com o morar nas ruas como intermitente. Essa chave interpretativa contribui para o diálogo sobre a Agenda 2030 da ONU, particularmente aquele centrado na promoção da saúde (ODS 3) e de cidades inclusivas e sustentáveis (ODS 11)What is the relationship between death and homelessness? This question has been explored since the 1970s, especially in Europe and North America, through epidemiological studies that characterize homelessness as a risk factor for mortality. In Brazil, academic research on the topic remains scarce, focusing either on the interpretation of death as a product of state management of life and bodies, or on the meanings of death for homeless persons and social movements. Given the absence of systematic official records of deaths among homeless people in Brazil, this dissertation investigates the reasons behind what I call the social silence surrounding the deaths of such persons in urban public spaces, particularly in the city of São Paulo during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on José de Souza Martins\'s sociology of \"unknowledge,\" Henri Lefebvre\'s theory of representations, and Fraya Frehse\'s spatio temporal interactional approach, I examine what socially prevailing representations of the risk of death among homeless persons between 2020 and 2022 simultaneously reveal and conceal about the relationship between death and homelessness within the Lefebvrean \"lived\". To this end, I mobilize three documentary sources: minutes of the Intersectoral Committee of the Municipal Policy for the Homeless Population (Comitê PopRua); articles published in the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo; and ethnographic accounts produced within a university research and outreach project on the everyday life of homelessness in pandemic-era São Paulo (2020-2022). Based on these materials, I analytically construct five types of \"informants\" of this everyday life: public managers, activists, reporters, frontline health and social assistance workers, and persons experiencing homelessness. In their verbal manifestations across these documents, these informants report on the \"here and now\" of homelessness in the streets of pandemic São Paulo. In doing so, they express socially prevailing representations of the risk of death faced by homeless persons in São Paulo public spaces in that context. The analysis reveals a mismatch in the temporalities embedded in how these informants approached such risk. Both the technical-administrative knowledge of managers and activists as well as the journalistic one associate the risk of death of homeless persons in urban public spaces with intermittent temporalities, referring to epidemiological phenomena and the annual cycle of the seasons. In contrast, the critical knowledge of frontline workers, together with that of people experiencing homelessness themselves, indicates that the risk of death is ubiquitous there. This temporal disjunction helps explain the social silence at the heart of this study: what is experienced daily by homeless persons as omnipresent in São Paulo public spaces during the Covid-19 pandemic is represented by those most socially, professionally, and politically engaged with homelessness as intermittent. This interpretive framework contributes to the dialogue surrounding the United Nations 2030 Agenda, particularly that focused on promoting health (SDG 3) and fostering inclusive and sustainable cities (SDG 11
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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