1,720,953 research outputs found
Efeitos do alongamento em um programa de Pilates na aptidão musculoesquelética: um ensaio clínico randomizado
Get PDFIntrodução: A flexibilidade, força, potência e resistência muscular são componentes importantes da aptidão musculoesquelética, tanto para atletas de diferentes modalidades, ao impactar no desempenho esportivo, como para não atletas, por impactar no desempenho de atividades da vida diária. Alguns programas de exercício físico utilizam-se de exercícios específicos para o desenvolvimento destes componentes na mesma sessão. No entanto, a literatura científica questiona o impacto dos exercícios de alongamento quando executados imediatamente antes do treino de fortalecimento muscular. Uma modalidade de exercício físico que tipicamente utiliza exercícios de alongamento precedendo exercícios de fortalecimento muscular é o Pilates. Contudo, até o momento, nenhum estudo investigou os efeitos do alongamento em um programa de Pilates sobre o desenvolvimento de componentes da aptidão musculoesquelética. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do alongamento em um programa de exercícios de Pilates no desenvolvimento de flexibilidade, força, potência e resistência muscular. Métodos: Trinta e duas mulheres sedentárias foram randomizadas em dois grupos: Pilates tradicional (GPT), que executou exercícios de flexibilidade e de fortalecimento muscular (n = 16; idade = 27,44 ± 5,70; IMC = 21,64 ± 1,49); e Pilates Não Tradicional (GPNT), que executou apenas exercícios de fortalecimento muscular (n = 16; idade = 29,00 ± 7,59; IMC = 21,19 ± 1,76). Os protocolos de treinamento com exercícios de Pilates para ambos os grupos foram idênticos, com a exceção dos exercícios de alongamento, que foram realizados no início das sessões apenas para o GPT. As sessões ocorreram 3x por semana, em dias alternados, até completar 24 sessões (8 semanas). O protocolo foi composto por 20 exercícios para o GPT e 15 exercícios para o GPNT. A progressão de carga ocorreu a cada duas semanas. Os grupos foram avaliados pré e pós-intervenção por intermédio dos seguintes testes: 1 Repetição Máxima (1 RM) com resistência elástica para extensores e flexores de joelho do membro dominante, salto vertical, abdominal em 1 minuto, resistência das costas (Sorensen), força de preensão manual e sentar-e-alcançar. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras dependentes nas comparações intragrupos. Para dados não paramétricos foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon. Na comparação intergrupos foi utilizado o teste de covariância (Ancova) tendo os dados de linha de base como covariável. Para os dados não paramétricos, foi calculado o delta (Δ) da diferença dos resultados entre a pré e a pós-intervenção e posteriormente, realizado o teste U-Mann Whitney. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado pelo Cohens’d. Resultados: Os grupos foram diferentes apenas para o teste de flexibilidade (Δ: GPT = 4,19 ± 4,76 cm vs. GPNT = 0,81 ± 2,78 cm; d = 0,87; p = 0,035) no momento pós-intervenção. As comparações intragrupo demonstraram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) para o GPT e GPNT na melhora da força muscular dos extensores e flexores do joelho e potência muscular de membros inferiores (salto vertical), com tamanhos de efeito variando de moderado à grande. Apenas o GPT apresentou melhora significativa (p < 0,05) intragrupo para flexibilidade, com grande tamanho de efeito. Conclusão: Nossos achados demonstraram que exercícios de alongamento em um programa de Pilates não prejudicaram ou potencializaram o desenvolvimento de força, potência e resistência muscular em mulheres jovens. No entanto, apenas o programa de Pilates com alongamento possibilitou a melhora da flexibilidade.Introduction: Flexibility, strength, power and muscular endurance are important components of musculoskeletal fitness, both for athletes of different modalities, as they impact on sports performance, and for non-athletes, as they impact on the performance of activities of daily living. Some physical exercise programs use specific exercises to develop these components in the same session. However, the scientific literature questions the impact of stretching exercises when performed immediately before muscle-strengthening training. A physical exercise modality that typically uses stretching exercises preceding muscle-strengthening exercises is Pilates. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effects of stretching in a Pilates program on the development of musculoskeletal fitness components. Objective: To analyze the effects of stretching in a Pilates exercise program on the development of flexibility, strength, power and muscular endurance. Methods: Thirty-two sedentary women were randomized into two groups: Traditional Pilates (GPT), who performed flexibility and muscle strengthening exercises (n = 16; age = 27.44 ± 5.70; BMI = 21.64 ± 1.49); and Non-Traditional Pilates (GPNT), who only performed muscle-strengthening exercises (n = 16; age = 29.00 ± 7.59; BMI = 21.19 ± 1.76). The training protocols with Pilates exercises for both groups were identical, with the exception of stretching exercises, which were performed at the beginning of the sessions only for the GPT. The sessions took place 3x a week, on alternate days, until completing 24 sessions (8 weeks). The protocol consisted of 20 exercises for the GPT and 15 exercises for the GPNT. Load progression occurred every two weeks. The groups were evaluated pre and post-intervention through the following tests: 1 Maximum Repetition (1RM) with elastic resistance for extensors and flexors of the knee of the dominant limb, vertical jump, abdominal in 1 minute, resistance of the back (Sorensen), strength handgrip and sit-and-reach. In the statistical analysis, Student's t test was used for dependent samples in intragroup comparisons. For non-parametric data, the Wilcoxon test was used. In the intergroup comparison, the covariance test (Ancova) was used, with baseline data as a covariate. For non-parametric data, delta (Δ) of the difference in results between pre- and post-intervention was calculated, and subsequently, the U-Mann Whitney test was performed. The effect size was calculated by Cohens'd. Results: The groups were different only for the flexibility test (Δ: GPT = 4.19 ± 4.76 cm vs. GPNT = 0.81 ± 2.78 cm; d = 0.87; p = 0.035) at the time post-intervention. Intragroup comparisons demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) for GPT and GPNT in improving knee extensor and flexor muscle strength and lower limb muscle power, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high. Only the GPT showed significant (p < 0.05) intragroup improvement for flexibility, with a large effect size. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that stretching exercises in a Pilates program did not impair or enhance the development of strength, power and muscular endurance in young women. However, only the Pilates program with stretching made it possible to improve flexibility
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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