225 research outputs found
Covid-19 and the future of energy in Asia- Pacific : building back better
No full text"This report was developed by the Energy Division of ESCAP under the overall direction and guidance of Hongpeng Liu, Director and Michael Williamson, Section Chief.
The report was authored by Dr. Hina Aslam, Research Fellow, Lead-Energy, and co-authored by Ubaid-Ur-Rehman Zia, Research Associate at SDPI.
David Ferrari provided editorial review and suggestions. Prachakporn Sophon processed proof reading and designed the layout.
Mitchell Hsieh, Katie Elles, Kavita Sukanandan, Christophe Manshoven, Sompot Suphutthamongkhon and Chavalit Boonthanom of the ESCAP Communications and Knowledge Management Section, coordinated the dissemination of the report.
"Transitions" as an archaeological concept. Interpreting the final Ubaid - Late Chalcolithic transition in the northern periphery of Mesopotamia.
No full textThe paper deals with the problem of defining and recognising the real transitions between two ‘periods’ (chronological entities we identify on the basis of homogeneous assemblages of materials), before addressing a specific analysis of the Final Ubaid-Late Chalcolithic transition. In the first part the author discusses the problem from a theoretical and methodological point of view, revisiting the use of the term and concept of ‘transition’, its meaning and ambiguities and the difficulties implicit in the analytical procedure of dividing the unfolding of history into “phases” and “periods”. She stresses that our needs for classification and ordering sometimes bring to compose gradual and progressive changes between two periods into a new phase, made of those elements that are not evident parts of either one period or another. The paper also try to stress the distinction between real transitions, which do exist and are the result of the process of change from one well defined and coherent universe (a period) to another, and those obscure and nuanced periods in the archaeological record which are simply the reflection of the lack of information. In the second part of the paper, the author tries to apply the previous discussion to the case of the Late Chalcolithic 1 and 2 in Upper Mesopotamia and Eastern Anatolia and to the problem of the so-called transition from the Ubaid period
The Definition and Measurement of Poverty: An Integrated Islamic Approach
No full textIn this paper an attempt is made to learn as to how the Islamic shariah defines and measures the phenomenon of poverty. A systematic study of the Qur’an, the traditions of Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the conduct of righteous caliphs, and the writings of early Muslim jurists would make it clear that the poor, indigent, and destitute are given adequate importance. The early Islamic state, where necessary, made serious efforts to assist and rehabilitate the poor and the needy. One of the means of assistance and rehabilitation was zakat. The disbursement of zakat funds required that the poor should be unambiguously and convincingly separated from the non-poor. How was it done in the past? Traditions of the Prophet (the sunnah) throw sufficient light on this issue. When we carefully go through the traditions, it would be clear that the explanation of poverty as given by the Prophet is dynamic. It defies time and space limitations. A deeper probe of the traditions would reveal that, for all practical purposes, the Prophet has stressed on an integrated approach. His explanation is far more comprehensive, integrated, and meaningful than the one expressed today in terms of daily intake of certain minimum calories. Present-day Muslim countries should redefine their approach towards the definition and measurement of poverty to reflect the essence of Islamic shariah.
ABD para politikasının hisse senedi piyasası oynaklığı üzerindeki asimetrik etkileri: asimetrik GARCH modeli ile bir analiz
No full textCataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-36).This thesis examines the asymmetric effects of U.S. monetary policy and interest rates on the volatility of returns in the stock market of emerging countries using an asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model. The model incorporates the interest rate movements in the U.S. in the conditional variance equation and uses a dummy to explicate the asymmetric response of the volatility of the returns. Using daily returns data of 14 indices from a selection of countries and creating a dummy variable for the daily federal funds rate, the results show that the response of volatility to the contractionary movement in interest rate is significantly higher than the expansionary movement. The results also the differences in the response across the countries given the heterogeneity in global trade integration, financial structure, and financial developments. Moreover, the high-frequency identification of monetary policy surprises is also used for the analyses of the response of monetary policy. This exercise shows that the markets perceive the contractionary policy differently and differentiate between growth shocks and pure monetary policy shocks as well as the information effect of the FOMC decisions on the meeting dates.by Ubaid Ur Rehma
Is there a Post-Ubaid culture ? Reflections on the transition from the Ubaid to the Uruk periods along the Fertile Crescent and beyond
No full textThe time period between the end of the Ubaid and the beginning of the Uruk expansion is one of the least known, yet most important eras in the ancient history of the Middle East. This era, which is often referred to as the "Post-Ubaid" period, is marked by major structural changes such as the rise of social hierarchies, technological innovations and economic reorganisation that eventually led to the emergence of proto-states and cities. Through the analysis of recently and less recently excavated sites in the Caucasus and Anatolia that bear strong links with the "Post-Ubaid" settlements of Syro-Mesopotamia, the author questions the significance of this era, which roughly extends between 4500 and 3800 BC. More than a "Mesopotamian" episode, she argues, the Post-Ubaid horizon is characterized by multi-directional, structural dynamics anchored both in the north (Anatolia and the Caucasus) and in the south (Syro-Mesopotamia ). For this reason, its significance should be claimed through a change in analytical paradigms, focussing on the interactions between the Lowlands and the Highlands, with a reassessment of the available data from a non-Mesopotamian perspective.La période correspondant à la fin de l'Obeid et au début de l'expansion urukéenne est l'une des moins connues de l'histoire ancienne du Moyen-Orient. Cette période fondamentale, souvent qualifiée de "Post-Obeid" , est pourtant marquée par des changements structurels majeurs : développement des hiérarchies sociales, innovations techniques et réorganisation économique. Ces changements ont, à terme, débouché sur l'émergence d'entités proto-étatiques et urbaines. A travers l'analyse de sites caucasiens ou anatoliens, récemment ou moins récemment fouillés, témoignant d'une proximité culturelle avec les établissements "Post-Obeid" de Syro-Mésopotamie, l'auteure remet en cause l'interprétation de cette période qui s'étend grossièrement entre 4500 et 3800 av. n.è. Plus qu'un épisode "mésopotamien", l'horizon " Post-Obeid " se caractérise selon elle par des dynamiques structurelles ancrées à la fois au Nord (l'Anatolie et le Caucase) et au Sud (la Syro-Mésopotamie). C'est pourquoi cette période doit être abordée à travers de nouveaux paradigmes centrés sur les interactions entre Basses Terres et Hautes Terres, et par un examen critique des données rompant avec une perspective analytique strictement mésopotamienne.Marro Catherine. Is there a Post-Ubaid culture ? Reflections on the transition from the Ubaid to the Uruk periods along the Fertile Crescent and beyond. In: After the Ubaid. Interpreting change from the Caucasus to Mesopotamia at the dawn of urban civilization (4500-3500 BC). Papers from The Post-Ubaid Horizon in the Fertile Crescent and Beyond. International Workshop held at Fosseuse, 29th June-1st July 2009. Istanbul : Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes-Georges Dumézil, 2012. pp. 13-38. (Varia Anatolica, 27
Is there a Post-Ubaid culture ? Reflections on the transition from the Ubaid to the Uruk periods along the Fertile Crescent and beyond
No full textThe time period between the end of the Ubaid and the beginning of the Uruk expansion is one of the least known, yet most important eras in the ancient history of the Middle East. This era, which is often referred to as the "Post-Ubaid" period, is marked by major structural changes such as the rise of social hierarchies, technological innovations and economic reorganisation that eventually led to the emergence of proto-states and cities. Through the analysis of recently and less recently excavated sites in the Caucasus and Anatolia that bear strong links with the "Post-Ubaid" settlements of Syro-Mesopotamia, the author questions the significance of this era, which roughly extends between 4500 and 3800 BC. More than a "Mesopotamian" episode, she argues, the Post-Ubaid horizon is characterized by multi-directional, structural dynamics anchored both in the north (Anatolia and the Caucasus) and in the south (Syro-Mesopotamia ). For this reason, its significance should be claimed through a change in analytical paradigms, focussing on the interactions between the Lowlands and the Highlands, with a reassessment of the available data from a non-Mesopotamian perspective.La période correspondant à la fin de l'Obeid et au début de l'expansion urukéenne est l'une des moins connues de l'histoire ancienne du Moyen-Orient. Cette période fondamentale, souvent qualifiée de "Post-Obeid" , est pourtant marquée par des changements structurels majeurs : développement des hiérarchies sociales, innovations techniques et réorganisation économique. Ces changements ont, à terme, débouché sur l'émergence d'entités proto-étatiques et urbaines. A travers l'analyse de sites caucasiens ou anatoliens, récemment ou moins récemment fouillés, témoignant d'une proximité culturelle avec les établissements "Post-Obeid" de Syro-Mésopotamie, l'auteure remet en cause l'interprétation de cette période qui s'étend grossièrement entre 4500 et 3800 av. n.è. Plus qu'un épisode "mésopotamien", l'horizon " Post-Obeid " se caractérise selon elle par des dynamiques structurelles ancrées à la fois au Nord (l'Anatolie et le Caucase) et au Sud (la Syro-Mésopotamie). C'est pourquoi cette période doit être abordée à travers de nouveaux paradigmes centrés sur les interactions entre Basses Terres et Hautes Terres, et par un examen critique des données rompant avec une perspective analytique strictement mésopotamienne.Marro Catherine. Is there a Post-Ubaid culture ? Reflections on the transition from the Ubaid to the Uruk periods along the Fertile Crescent and beyond. In: After the Ubaid. Interpreting change from the Caucasus to Mesopotamia at the dawn of urban civilization (4500-3500 BC). Papers from The Post-Ubaid Horizon in the Fertile Crescent and Beyond. International Workshop held at Fosseuse, 29th June-1st July 2009. Istanbul : Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes-Georges Dumézil, 2012. pp. 13-38. (Varia Anatolica, 27
Translation and analysis of Akhlaq al-Ashraf by Ubaid-e Zakani
No full textPoets and writers are influenced by the society and the conditions of the era they live in. In this respect, information on the political, social, cultural and economic structures of the period from which literary works are written can be obtained. In addition, data on the author's biography can be obtained by literary outputs. Eulogy poetry in the fourteenth century which 'Ubaid Zakani lived gradually disappeared. In this period, although the Islamic geography was in turbulence in many ways due to the Mongol invasion, important names grew in the field of literature. One of these names was 'Ubaid Zakani. The subject of this study is the translation and analysis of 'Ubaid Zakani's Akhlaq al-Ashraf. who lived during the Mongol invasion in the 14th century. In the introduction, a brief look at Iranian literature and the literary genres of the Mongols era. In the second part, the literary personality of the author and his works are explained. In the third chapter Akhlaq al-Ashraf is examined in terms of style and structure and the translation of the work into Turkish is given in seven chapters. We are glad to translate this book into Turkish for first time. Although Nizam al-Din 'Ubaid Zakani, who produced sharp satirical poems and prose works in Iranian literature, is considered as one of the most remarkable poets and social critics of Iranian literature, it can be said that his works have not received enough attention in the past. 'Ubaid Zâkânî, who produced sharp satirical poems and prose works in Iranian literature, did this in a heavy and vulgar manner while resisting hypocrisy and superstition in his literary works. One of the works which he used in the most vulgar way is his booklet called Akhlaq al-Ashraf. In this work, he tried to explain who are the real moral owners and their qualifications in seven chapters.Şairler ve yazarlar edebî eserlerini oluşturma süreçlerinde mensubu oldukları ve içerisinde bulundukları toplumdan ve yaşadıkları devrin şartlarından etkilenirler. Bu açıdan edebî eserlerin bir çoğundan yazıldığı devrin siyasi, toplum, kültür ve ekonomik yapıları hususunda veriler elde edilebilir. Bunun yanı sıra eser sahibinin biyografisi hakkında da veriler alınabilir. 'Ubeyd-i Zâkânî'nin yaşadığı ondördüncü yüzyıl, saray şairliğinin yavaş yavaş ortadan kalktığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde İslam coğrafyası Moğol istilası nedeniyle bir çok yönden çalkantılar içinde olmasına rağmen edebiyat alanında önemli isimler yetişmiştir. Bu isimlerden biri de 'Ubeyd-i Zâkânî'dir. Bu çalışmanın konusu XIV. yüzyılda Moğol işgali döneminde yaşamış 'Ubeyd-i Zâkânî olarak tanınan Mevlânâ Nizameddîn 'Ubeydullah'ın Âḫlâḳu'l-Eşrâf adlı eserinin çeviri ve incelemesidir. Girişte Moğollar devrindeki İran edebiyatına ve devrin edebî türlerine kısa bir bakış atılmış, birinci bölümde müellifin hayatı edebî kişiliği ve eserleri anlatılmıştır. İkinci bölümde Âḫlâḳu'l-Eşrâf adlı eser üslup ve yapısı bakımından incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise yedi bölüm halindeki eserin Türkçe'ye çevirisi verilmiştir. İran edebiyatında keskin hiciv şiirler ve mensur eserler üretmiş olan Hâce Nizâmüddîn Necmüddîn 'Ubeydullâh-i Zâkânî-yi Ḳazvînî, İran edebiyatının en dikkat çekici şair ve sosyal eleştirmenlerinden biri olarak kabul edilse de araştırmacıların ona övgülerine bakıldığında eserlerinin geçmişte yeterli ilgi görmediği söylenebilir. 'Ubeyd-i Zâkânî, çevirisini yaptığımız eserinde riya, iki yüzlülük ve hurafelere karşı koyarken bunu ağır ve galiz bir üslupla yapmıştır. Bu üslubu en keskin şekilde 95 kullandığı eserlerinden biri de incelediğimiz ve tercümesini yaptığımız Âḫlâḳu'l-Eşrâf adlı risalesidir. Eserinde gerçek ahlâk sahiplerinin kimler olduğunu ve taşıdıkları vasıfları yedi bölüme ayırarak anlatmıştır
SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS IN THE SUICIDE OF THE PAKISTANI DIASPORA COMMUNITY IN ENGLAND
No full textA robust vehicle to grid aggregation framework for electric vehicles charging cost minimization and for smart grid regulation
No full textIn this paper, we propose an optimal hierarchical bi-directional aggregation algorithm for the electric vehicles (EVs) integration in the smart grid (SG) using Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology through a network of Charging Stations (CSs). The proposed model forecasts the power demand and performs Day-ahead (DA) load scheduling in the SG by optimizing EVs charging/discharging tasks. This method uses EVs and CSs as the voltage and frequency stabilizing tools in the SG. Before penetrating EVs in the V2G mode, this algorithm determines the on arrival EVs State of Charge (SOC) at CS, obtains projected park/departure time information from EV owners, evaluates their battery degradation cost prior to charging. After obtaining all necessary data, it either uses EV in the V2G mode to regulates the SG or charge it according to the owner request but, it ensure desired SOC on departure. The robustness of the proposed algorithm has been tested by using IEEE-32 Bus-Bars based power distribution in which EVs are integrated through five CSs. Two intense case studies have been carried out for the appropriate performance validation of the proposed algorithm. Simulations are performed using electricity pricing data from PJM and to test the EVs behaviour 3 types of EVs having different specifications are penetrated. Simulation results have proved that the proposed model is capable of integrating EVs in the voltage and frequency stabilization and it also simultaneously minimizes approximately $1500 in term of charging cost for EVs contributing in the V2G mode each day. Particularly, during peak hours this algorithm provides effective grid stabilization services.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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