130,941 research outputs found
Uvajanje eksperimentalnih metod zagotavljanja kakovosti v podjetju Biterm d.o.o. : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija
No full textMeasuring the DUI mode of innovation efficiently: A short-scale approach
No full textAbstract This paper advances the empirical measurement of the doing–using–interacting (DUI) mode of innovation, based on the conceptual framework of Alhusen et al. Res Policy 50(4):104214 (2021) and its survey-based operationalization of Reher et al. ifh Working Paper 45 (2024b). Using data from German SMEs, we examine whether the three-dimensional structure of DUI learning theorized in the literature can be mirrored empirically. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) confirms this latent structure by identifying three main learning processes: (1) DUI internal (learning-by-doing and internal interaction), (2) DUI user-driven (learning-by-using), and (3) DUI external (learning-by-external-interaction). However, some factor loadings are problematic, suggesting that not all of the original indicators are suitable for measuring the DUI mode of innovation. Secondly, building on the latent structure identified through EFA, short scales of various lengths are developed using ant colony optimization (ACO) to address practical constraints in innovation surveys. This provides a starting point for the further development of DUI innovation indicators that are particularly suited to less R&D-intensive innovation contexts, such as small firms, low-tech sectors, and lagging regions, as well as corresponding short scales
Producción, precios e integración de los mercados regionales de grano en la España preindustrial
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEste trabajo aborda la integración de los distintos mercados regionales
de grano en España durante el Antiguo Régimen. Haciendo uso de series
de precios y de producción de diversa procedencia, el autor emplea técnicas
de estimación relativamente sencillas, desde correlaciones y desviaciones típicas
de series sin tendencia hasta modelos de retardos distribuidos. Estas técnicas
revelan la existencia de una covariación entre los precios de granos
en distintos mercados regionales, así como la existencia de efectos simultáneos
y retardados de la producción de granos sobre el precio de los mismos en
mercados locales y bastante más lejanos. El autor concluye que existía una
integración modesta pero en aumento de los distintos mercados en la Península,
sobre todo durante el siglo XVIII, y que las instituciones eran capaces
de amortiguar en parte los efectos de una cosecha fallida. El trabajo concluye
apuntando el calendario posible de la progresiva integración de los mercados
de grano ocurrida a lo largo de buena parte del siglo XIX en España.The present paper deals with regional grain market integration in Spain
during the Old Regime. Using mostly published price and production seríes,
the author employs straightforward statistical techniques, rangíng from correlations
and standard deviations of detrended series to distributed lag models.
These techniques show the existence of a clear covariation in the price of
grain on different regional markets, as well as both simultaneous and delayed
effects of grain production on prices both locally and at considerably greater
distances. The author concludes that regional grain markets on the peninsula
were modestly but increasingly integrated over the period, especially during
the eighteenth century, and that existing institutions were a partial buffer
for the immediate effects of harvest failures. The paper concludes by suggesting
the potential timing for the progressive intergration of grain markets taking
place throughout much of the nineteenth century in Spain.Publicad
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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