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Antiinflammatory And Antiallodynic Actions Of The Lignan Niranthin Isolated From Phyllanthus Amarus. Evidence For Interaction With Platelet Activating Factor Receptor
No full textPrevious studies have shown that the extracts obtained from Phyllanthus amarus, and some of the lignans isolated from it, exhibit pronounced antiinflammatory properties. In the present study, we have assessed whether the antiinflammatory actions of these lignans can be mediated by interaction with platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor or interference with the action of this lipid. The local administration of nirtetralin, phyltetralin or niranthin (30 nmol/paw), similar to WEB2170 (a PAF receptor antagonist, 30 nmol/paw), significantly inhibited PAF-induced paw oedema formation in mice. The extracts of P. amarus (100 μg/ml) and niranthin (30 μM), but not nirtetralin or phyltetralin (30 μM), decreased the specific binding of [3H]-PAF in mouse cerebral cortex membranes. Furthermore, both niranthin and WEB2170 displaced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the [3H]-PAF binding sites. The mean IC50 values from these effects were 6.5 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Additionally, both niranthin and WEB2170 (30 nmol/paw) inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase activity induced by PAF injection in the mouse paw. When assessed the mouse model of pleurisy induced by PAF, pretreatment with niranthin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) or WEB2170 (1.7 μmol/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited PAF-induced protein extravasations. Moreover, in the rat model of PAF-induced allodynia, both niranthin (30 nmol/paw) and WEB2170 (30 nmol/paw) treatment significantly inhibited PAF-induced allodynia. In addition, niranthin had a rapid onset and long-lasting antiallodynic action when compared with WEB2170. Collectively, the present findings suggest that niranthin exhibits antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions which are probably mediated through its direct antagonistic action on the PAF receptor binding sites. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. 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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Anthelmintic Activity In Vitro And In Vivo Of Baccharis Trimera (less) Dc Against Immature And Adult Worms Of Schistosoma Mansoni
No full textAlthough its efficiency against all Schistosoma species, praziquantel (PZQ) shows low efficacy against schistosomula and juvenile stages. The potential for development of resistance to PZQ has justified the search for new alternative chemotherapies. In this scenario, studies to new formulations, more comprehensive and without adverse effects, are being conducted. One viable and promising treatment is the study of medicinal plants as a new approach to the experimental treatment for Schistosomiasis. Amongst all the variety of the medicinal species studied, we can highlight Baccharis trimera (Less) DC, known as ". Carqueja-amarga". This paper not only describes the effect of crude dichloromethane extract (DE) and aqueous fraction (AF) obtained from B. trimera, in vitro but also is the first one that investigates the in vivo efficacy of B. trimera against schistosomula, juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni BH strain. In the experiment, mice were treated with DE, AF and PZQ (40 and 200. mg/kg) over the period of larval development (3 and 30 post-infection; pi), and adult worms (60. days post-infection; pi). The in vitro results show that the DE and AF effects are dose-dependents, being the 130. μg/mL the most effective one in a shorter period of incubation. The exposure of the in vitro samples over adult parasites were able to inhibit 100% of the oviposition in females. Likewise caused the mortality of the parasites with morphological alterations on the tegument, on the suckers, oral and acetabulum, in both males and females after 6-72. h of exposure. Additionally, the in vivo treatments against juvenile and adult infection were more effective compared to the control group untreated. Administrations of AF and DE in day 30. pi (juvenile worms) show female worm total burden reductions of 75% and 68% respectively. At the same period of infection reductions of respectively 98% and 97% egg/g in the faeces were seen. In relation to the different egg developmental stages (oogram), the results showed significant reductions, due to the reduction in the number of worms, especially the females. In conclusion, B. trimera exhibits major schistosomicidal effects in vivo against immature and adult worms of S. mansoni, opening up perspectives for future researches on substance or compound isolation and the elucidation of its mechanisms of action. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.13916372Abath, F.G.C., Edeneide, M.X., Allen, R., Gomes, Y.M., Lucena-Silva, N., Baliza, M., Simpson, A.J.G., Characterization of Sm13, a tegumental antigen os Schistosoma mansoni (2000) Parasitol. Res., 86, pp. 745-752Allam, G., Eweas, A.F., Abuelsaad, A.S.A., In vivo schistosomicidal activity of three novels 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives against adult and immature worms of Schistosoma mansoni (2013) Parasitol. Res., 112, pp. 3137-3149Allegretti, S.M., Oliveira, C.N.F., Oliveira, R.N., Frezza, T.F., Rehder, V.L.G., The use of Brazilian medicinal plants to combat Schistosoma mansoni (2012) Schistosomiasis, pp. 27-70. , InTech, Rijeka, M.B. Rokni (Ed.)Badawy, A.A., El-Badrawy, M., Nada, J.M., El-Garem, A.A., Ebeid, F., Abdel-Hady, A.M., Saied, S., Akl, M., Effect of praziquantel on hepatic murine schistosomiasis: histological study, immunolocalization of type III procollagen and serological analysis (1991) Egypt J. Bilharz., 13, pp. 117-129Borella, J.C., Duarte, D.P., Novaretti, A.A.G., Menezes, J.R.A., França, S.C., Rufato, C.B., Santos, P.A.S., Lopes, N.P., Variabilidade sazonal do teor de saponinas de Baccharis trimera (Less.) 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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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