130,585 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A model for the internal evaluation of the quality of care after lung resection in the elderly
No full textGender Paradoxes in the Context of Refugee Entrepreneurship
No full textRefugee entrepreneurship is regarded as a means to enhance the integration of refugees in host communities (Crawley et al. 2018). There has been a notable growth in the literature on refugee entrepreneurship broadly over the past few years (e.g. Bizri 2017; Refai et al., 2018; Turner 2020). Yet, the field is still in its infancy, and much less attention has been directed towards women in this context (e.g. Huq and Venugopal 2021). Nevertheless, in light of the difficult circumstances that refugees face after displacement due to constraining legal, economic, social and political pressures (Refai et al., 2018; Ajil et al., 2020), more refugee women are likely to engage in financial activities to support their households (Al-Dajani and Marlow 2010). Engagement in entrepreneurship can mean that women will confront societal obstacles as gender roles start to change. This change has consequences on the marital relationships and family dynamics (Al-Dajani and Marlow 2010), which in turn create additional loads of responsibility on women to maintain a balance between life and business. Nevertheless, and despite those challenges, entrepreneurship activities have been shown to empower women and enhance the financial situation of their families (Krause 2014).
In this chapter, similar to Hmieleski and Sheppard (2019), we view women entrepreneurs to be entrepreneurs who embrace their femininity, whilst simultaneously working to achieve a balance between their lives and businesses. We view the entrepreneurial actions of women to be largely shaped and impacted by their gendered roles as mothers and wives in the first place, but also as entrepreneurs (Kodagoda 2014). Our approach is in line with emerging research around the concept of “mumpreneurs” (Duberley and Carrigan 2012) who strive to achieve an ultimate balance between both their gendered and entrepreneurial roles (Ekinsmyth 2011). As such, the term entrepreneur in this chapter refers to women engaging in different forms of self-employment, which do not necessarily always generate macro-economic growth, thus, supporting the notion that value in entrepreneurship should not be confined to economic outcomes, and can involve various meanings that are of value to the entrepreneur (Kapasi et al. 2021; Loi et al. forthcoming). For instance, considering the contextual challenges facing refugees, refugee entrepreneurship can largely build on embedded dispositions of survivability (Refai et al., 2018), which is also in line with Bizri (2017, 849) who argues, based on the discrimination theory, that “immigrant entrepreneurs are necessity-driven rather than opportunity-driven”.
The impact of changing gender roles on family relations in the context of refugee entrepreneurship remains largely under-researched (Al-Dajani et al. 2019; Al-Dajani and Marlow 2010; Gangamma 2018). Some exceptions include Al-Dajani and Marlow (2010) investigating the impact of home-based enterprises run by Palestinian refugee women in Jordan on family relations, where they highlight how gender identity is strongly dependent on context and is a dynamic social construct that is influenced by various structures. Krause (2014) also examines how renegotiation of gender roles can have an empowering impact on the lives of women in refugee camps and settlements
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
A BETTER FUTURE? Understanding Refugee Entrepreneurship (BFURE)
No full textThe refugee journey is traumatic, and this can have a profound impact on the desire of refugees to demonstrate their usefulness in a new country. Many refugees also originate from countries with high self-employment rates and research suggests that high numbers of refugees are interested in self-employment when they arrive in new countries (Wauters and Lambrecht 2006; Heilbrunn and Iannone 2020). Moreover, in a changing international policy context focussed on economic development over and above refugee rights and protection (Betts and Collier 2017; Dauvergne 2018; Crawley 2021), there has also been a growing policy emphasis on refugee entrepreneurship (Refai, Haloub and Lever 2018; IOM 2018; Heilbrunn and Iannone, 2020). In the last decade in particular, as the European migration crisis intensified, Syrian refugee entrepreneurs have been the focus of attention, both in countries bordering Syria and in countries across the Global North (Heilbrunn et al. 2019). This report focusses on Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in the UK
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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