1,720,996 research outputs found
Poverty in transition: social expenditures and the working age poor
No full textA combination of economic growth and committed revenue-raising shouldgive most governments in Central and Eastern Europe and the former SovietUnion considerable scope to devote increased resources to tackling poverty.We review the extent and nature of poverty across the transition countries,emphasising the phenomenon of the working-age poor. We considergovernments’ fiscal positions and revenue raising tools, including the issue ofwhether some countries now have levels of external debt servicing that are sohigh as to hamper social sector expenditures. We analyse whether theintroduction of credible unemployment benefit schemes in the CIS would aidlabour market reform and hence help solve the problem there of in-workpoverty (we first review experience in Central and Eastern Europe). We focuson the case of Russia, and simulate a simple scheme with 2000 householdsurvey data. The paper concludes by considering the role of improved wagesfor public service workers and the targeting of categorical benefits
Attitudes to inequality ten years after transition
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to compare people’s attitudes to inequality at the end of the 1990s – the qualities they perceive are needed to get ahead, the role of government and rewards for employment – in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Western countries. Our data (from the 1999 International Social Survey Programme) suggest that overall, people in CEE express substantially more ‘egalitarian’ attitudes than those in the West, even after 10 years of economic adjustment to the market economy: Eastern Europeans’ much stronger dislike of existing income differences and their corresponding preference for governmental redistribution at least partly reflected in the fact that they consider the factors that actually govern the income generation process (and therefore constitute the driving forces of income inequality) as not in line with meritocratic principles, such as effort, intelligence and skills. Surprisingly, however, they share basically the same values as the West when it comes to the factors that should in principle determine income. This evidence presents policymakers in the transition countries with a challenge. While people support the notion that incomes should be determined by factors relevant to the working of market forces – ability to perform on the job, responsibility and education – a lot of people in Central and Eastern Europe believe that, in reality, many differences in income do not reflect merit, and – as a result – they are very concerned about the extent of inequality in their societies
To Their Fullest Potential? Conceptualising the Adequacy of Children's Living Standards for their Development
No full textThis author accepted manuscript (post print) is made available in accordance with publisher copyright policyIn this paper a framework is proposed for conceptualising ‘fullest potential’ towards
which, according to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), children’s education should be directed (Article 29). Children’s development to their fullest potential is linked explicitly to their right to a standard of living adequate for their development (Article 27). The paper argues that focus on ‘fullest potential’ as a human rights issue exposes a tension between the rights of children, the obligations of parents to their children, and the obligations of the state to support all children’s development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Australian Child Wellbeing Project, 2014
No full textThe Australian Child Wellbeing Project (ACWP) is a child-centred study in which young people’s perspectives have been used to design and conduct Australia’s first major nationally representative and internationally comparable survey of wellbeing among young people aged 9-14 years. Particular attention was given to understanding the perspectives of seven groups of young people with specific experiences and needs that may have a bearing on their wellbeing: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people, culturally and linguistically diverse young people, young people with disability, young carers, young people in regional and remote Australia, materially disadvantaged young people, and young people in out-of-home care. The survey aimed to benchmark young people's wellbeing in Australia, provide the basis for international comparison of their wellbeing, and provide information to contribute to the development of effective services for young people’s healthy development. The survey instrument includes questions that are comparable with the international Health Behaviour in School Aged Children study (www.hbsc.org) and the international Children's World's study (www.isciweb.org). The ACWP survey was dstributed to a national probability sample of students in Years 4, 6 and 8 and was successfully completed during Term 3 2014 in 180 schools across Australia, with final sample of 5440 students. Please refer to the project website for more details: http://www.australianchildwellbeing.com.a
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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