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Approvisionner la Restauration Hors Domicile Collective en denrées alimentaires de qualité et de proximité : freins et leviers à la construction d'Intermediate Short Food Supply Chains dans le contexte transnational de la Grande Région selon trois types d'acteurs de terrain
Get PDFCette thèse explore le phénomène des solutions d'approvisionnement alimentaire de proximité et de qualité. Le constat paradoxal à l’origine de cette étude, partagé avec les partenaires du projet Interreg AROMA (2017-2022) auquel ce travail est lié, est le suivant : si des solutions ont été développées pour les particuliers (secteur Business to Customer, B2C), relativement peu l’ont été pour le secteur de la Restauration Hors Domicile Collective (RHDC), bien que ce dernier présente un grand potentiel pour la transformation agroécologique du secteur agricole grâce aux importants volumes d'aliments commandés. De plus, dans le contexte transnational de la Grande Région, composée de territoires allemands, belges, français et du Luxembourg, le projet AROMA partait du postulat qu’un approvisionnement de proximité transfrontalier est possible grâce à une mise en réseau des circuits nationaux au sein d’un organisme d’approvisionnement transfrontalier. Dès lors, ce travail vise à comprendre les leviers et les freins à l’augmentation de la proportion de produits de proximité de qualité dans la RHDC dans ce contexte transfrontalier qui n’avait encore jamais été étudié sous cet angle. Les freins et les leviers sont considérés tant à une échelle micro liée aux contraintes des acheteurs dans les cuisines collectives qu’à une échelle macro liée à la construction de chaînes régionales d’approvisionnement.
Il était initialement prévu que les connaissances générées par cette étude contribuent à la transformation des chaînes d'approvisionnement alimentaire afin d'évoluer vers un système alimentaire plus durable. Pour étudier lesdits leviers et obstacles, j'ai utilisé des méthodes qualitatives inspirées de la Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006 ; Glaser & Strauss, 1967), qui préconise d'aborder le travail de terrain sans a priori théorique, puis d'analyser les données de manière inductive. J'ai d’abord utilisé la méthode des entretiens semi-structurés pour interroger trois types d'acteurs de la chaîne d'approvisionnement de la restauration : les producteurs, les intermédiaires et les acheteurs. Parallèlement, j'ai utilisé l'observation participante pour analyser le processus d'intervention sociotechnique du projet Interreg AROMA dans le contexte transnational de la Grande Région, qui visait à construire un organisme régional transfrontalier d'approvisionnement alimentaire dans la Grande Région.
Les résultats montrent d’abord que, malgré les différences entre les territoires de la Grande Région, les acteurs des filières alimentaires rencontrent des obstacles similaires pour organiser un approvisionnement de qualité et de proximité : prix, logistique, organisation des filières. L'intermédiation est donc indispensable pour répondre aux contraintes en termes de volumes et de prix d'achat, de régularité et de sécurité des livraisons, de respect des réglementations sanitaires et d'appels d'offres pour le débouché de la RHDC. Elle peut être fonctionnelle, lorsque des structures prennent en charge des fonctions visant à rassembler (mutualisation), adapter (transformation et conditionnement) et/ou acheminer (logistique) des produits entre la production et la consommation. Elle peut aussi être organisationnelle, lorsqu'un acteur du réseau d'approvisionnement prend l'initiative d'organiser une chaîne d'approvisionnement, selon une stratégie différenciée. Ensuite, la présence de frontières caractérise ce territoire transnational et influence de manière à la fois négative et positive l'offre de produits de qualité et de proximité : négative, par le surcroît de travail administratif engendré par les frontières ; positive, parce que les acteurs du monde économique utilisent les différences interterritoriales à leur avantage. Alors que les acteurs économiques utilisent les frontières comme source d'opportunités, les acteurs politiques se referment sur leurs frontières administratives sur la période étudiée. Or, le secteur de la restauration collective apparaît fortement influencé par la volonté des acteurs politiques, qui disposent de leviers tels que la formulation et l'attribution de marchés publics, la création de dispositifs et l'attribution de subventions. Dans un contexte transfrontalier, la coopération devient difficile sans cette volonté. Les résultats de cette étude nous permettent de formuler des recommandations empiriques pour les acteurs des réseaux d'approvisionnement alimentaire de la Grande Région, mais aussi de contribuer à la littérature sur les Intermediate Short Food Supply Chains.This thesis explores the phenomenon of proximity and quality food supply solutions. The paradox that gave rise to this study, shared with the partners of the Interreg AROMA project (2017-2022) to which this work is linked, is as follows: while solutions have been developed for retail customers (the Business to Customer, B2C, sector), relatively few have been developed for the collective out-of-home Catering sector, despite the fact that the latter has great potential for the agroecological transformation of the agricultural sector thanks to the large volumes of food ordered. Furthermore, in the transnational context of the Greater Region, made up of German, Belgian, French and Luxembourg territories, the AROMA project was based on the premise that cross-border proximity supply is possible thanks to the networking of national circuits within a cross-border supply organization. The aim of this work is therefore to understand the levers and obstacles to increasing the proportion of quality proximity products in collective out-of-home catering in this cross-border context, which has never before been studied from this angle. The obstacles and levers are considered both on a micro scale, linked to the constraints of buyers in collective kitchens, and on a macro scale, linked to the construction of regional supply chains. It was initially intended that the knowledge generated by this study would contribute to the transformation of food supply chains in order to move towards a more sustainable food system. To study these levers and obstacles, I used qualitative methods inspired by Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2006; Glaser & Strauss, 1967), which advocates approaching fieldwork without theoretical a priori, then analyzing data inductively. I began by using the semi-structured interview method to interview three types of actors in the foodservice supply chain: producers, intermediaries and buyers. In parallel, I used participant observation to analyze the sociotechnical intervention process of the Interreg AROMA project in the transnational context of the Greater Region, which aimed to build a cross-border regional food supply organization in the Greater Region. The results first show that, despite the differences between the territories of the Greater Region, food industry stakeholders encounter similar obstacles to organizing a quality, local supply: price, logistics, organization of supply chains. Intermediation is therefore essential to meet the constraints in terms of purchase volumes and prices, regularity and security of deliveries, compliance with health regulations and calls for tender for the collective out-of-home catering outlet. It can be functional, when structures take charge of functions aimed at gathering (pooling), adapting (processing and packaging) and/or routing (logistics) products between production and consumption. It can also be organizational, when a supply network player takes the initiative to organize a supply chain, according to a differentiated strategy. The presence of borders characterizes this transnational territory and has both a negative and a positive influence on the supply of high-quality, proximity products: negatively, through the additional administrative work created by borders; positively, because players in the economic world use inter-territorial differences to their advantage. While economic players use borders as a source of opportunities, political players are closing in on their administrative boundaries over the study period. However, the foodservice sector appears to be heavily influenced by the will of political players, who have levers at their disposal such as the formulation and awarding of public contracts, the creation of schemes and the allocation of subsidies. In a cross-border context, cooperation becomes difficult without this will. The results of this study enable us to formulate empirical recommendations for players in the Greater Region's food supply networks, and also to contribute to the literature on Intermediate Short Food Supply Chains.
12. Responsible consumption and productio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Special Issue: New directions in governance of urban food systems transitions
Get PDFpeer reviewedIncreasing food poverty and insecurity for urban dwellers resulting from multiple causes have generalized fears of food shortages in cities, especially in terms of physical food access, food quality production, distribution, and retail capacity. The growing fragility of food supply chains, combined with environmental hazards related to pressing issues around food waste, food access, safety, sovereignty, and democracy seems to increase public and civic interest in transitioning to more sustainable and just food systems. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA), as well as small scale-farming are being advanced by social food movements, institutional resources and the public sector that all claim new roles in governance, which affects all actors of the food chain, including citizens.
The goal of this Research Topic is to address governance and policy reforms of urban and peri-urban agriculture in diverse contexts of the transitions of food systems while discussing the role these challenges and developments play in a transition to more sustainable and just food systems. This Research Topic is focused on food policy reforms, planning initiatives and new governance models involving public engagement and the inclusion of relevant stakeholders and civil society into the decision-making processes that are required for a transition to more sustainable agri-food circuits and practices.
Questions that guide this Research Topic are: how do local governments and civil society contribute governance initiatives to overall sustainable and just food system transitions beyond addressing hunger and food insecurity during precarious times? What are the perspectives of small-scale farmers, disadvantaged consumers, civil society groups and social movement actors in new directions of governance in urban and peri-urban areas? Can we really talk about more inclusive and ‘democratized’ models of participation in the governance of agriculture and food – and even food sovereignty? How can governance initiatives of social entrepreneurship, social innovation and institutional deep reforms be triggered from social movements and craft new ways for organizing transactions and relationships around peri(urban) agriculture and food issues?
The Research Topic focuses on:
- food policy reforms and planning initiatives;
- new governance models aiming at some degree of food sovereignty;
- governance of food production and consumption within the context of social and solidarity economy and eco-social transformation in urban and peri-urban areas.
More precisely, we encourage the submission of manuscripts that explore theoretical, empirical and institutional aspects of urban and peri-urban agriculture related to the following themes:
- Critical perspectives on the emergence and evolution of alternative agri-food networks and practices that are related to UPA and their potential for creating food policy reforms and governance that enable a just transition to sustainability in this enduring crisis context;
- Governance dimensions of food sovereignty or food democracy narratives and their contribution to building resilient place-based food systems, including the role of urban and peri-urban agriculture;
- New governance directions of social movements and social entrepreneurship for food democracy and food sovereignty (UPA, producer organizations, consumer cooperatives, CSA, agro-ecological activism etc.) and their potential for transforming public policies (food justice, inclusiveness and solidarity, food security, nutrition and health policies, integrated food policies);
- The role of politics and planning for the empowerment of UPA farmers and the inclusion of producers, consumers and citizens in participatory governance schemes (sustainable food planning and urban food strategies, agroecological urbanism, local food councils, community-building, multi-stakeholder and collaborative governance)
Special Issue: Values-Based Territorial Food Networks’— Benefits, Challenges and Controversies
Get PDFpeer reviewedThe special issue titled ‘Values-based Territorial Food Networks – Benefits, challenges and controversies’ and this introductory editorial aim to bridge conceptual and disciplinary differences within the literature on alternative agro-food networks and related concepts. In the editorial we outline a new umbrella term, Values-based Territorial Food Networks (VTFNs), which synthesises the key commonalities that characterise alternatives to the mainstream food system (see Reckinger 2022 for a more detailed analysis). VTFNs are defined as networks that connect agro-food and related stakeholders within a defined territory that operate according to a coherent set of ethical values centred on social justice and wellbeing, environmental integrity, participatory governance and economic fairness. We discuss how VTFNs relate to earlier concepts, showing the evolution from ‘alternative’ to ‘values based’, from ‘local’ to ‘territorial’ and from ‘supply chains’ to ‘networks’. The editorial also gives an overview of the empirical case studies in the special issue, which explore 10 place-based food initiatives (from Austria, France, Greece, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, Australia, Brazil and Japan) and address benefits, challenges, social learning and controversies associated with VTFNs. The cases are grouped into three thematic areas. ‘Social learning and resilience’ focuses on collaboration through diverse partnerships as a necessary condition for social innovation and for understanding new socio-technical practices. ‘Agency, negotiations and food governance’ explores the socioeconomic struggles, interrelations and negotiated values associated with VTFNs. ‘Sociocultural environments, social capital and reflexive localism’ discusses the interplay between the economic and sociocultural dimensions related to VTFNs. The transversality of VTFN allows us to think about these dimensions from a systemic perspective, thus advancing debates on the diverse sites and modes of agro-food sustainability.Sustainable Food Practice
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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