1,720,970 research outputs found
Le fortificazioni di terra delle mura medievali di Pisa nel XVII secolo. Analisi tecnico-militare del progetto di Gabriello Ughi
Get PDFFrom 1626, the modern age fortification of the medieval walls of Pisa, in Tuscany, started following an organic project by Gabriello Ughi that defined a new bastioned front composed of earthen ramparts, demilunes, faussebraies and cavaliers. The earthen-fortified front remained active until the last years of the 18th century; it was later demolished for reasons of public health, in the wider context of the demilitarization policies operated by Grand Duke Peter Leopold. Starting from the analysis of archival and iconographic sources, this paper shows the results of a study on the 17th century earthen fortified front, aimed at understanding forms, consistencies, and design choices in the light of Ughi’s cultural context and references. In particular, the study focuses on the analysis of the eastern front, where the project shows more interesting and articulated solutions due to the irregularities of the circuit of the preexisting medieval walls
Irregular fortifications in the treatises of military architecture from late 16th to 17th centuries: Digital interpretation through geometrical analysis and parametric modelling
No full textThe research proposal has been created within the context of the PRIN2022 INFORTREAT project. The primary objective of this project is to facilitate access to the essential knowledge related to military architecture (as articulated by early modern age treatises) through 3D digital information models. These models can be explored and queried by scholars, professionals, and the community. The current contribution specifically focuses on irregular fortifications – those intended for irregular sites or constructed to strengthen existing irregular fortifications that predominantly possess defensive perimeters not corresponding to regular polygons (e.g., triangles, squares, pentagons, etc.). Moreover, such fortifications exhibited significant interconnections between geometry, architecture, and ballistics, and the research will consider these features jointly. The topic of irregular fortifications began to recur in Western military architecture treatises from the late 16th century, showing how crucial the defense of irregular sites was. In these treatises, irregular fortifications typically appear in discussions after those about regular ones and outworks that characterize new fortification designs. While a considerable amount of scientific literature on regular fortifications in the early modern age exists, both in terms of theory and specific case studies, contemporary studies about the theory of irregular fortifications are quite limited. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify lines of thought concerning irregular fortifications and to recognise the implementation of defense systems in existing fortified heritage, inspired by particular theories
Digital dialogues between Military Architecture Treatises. The case of “Le Fortificationi...” by Bonaiuto Lorini and “La Fortificatione guardia difesa et espugnatione delle fortezze...” by Francesco Tensini
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of an experimentation developed within the activities of the PRIN2022 INFORTREAT research project, aimed at the production of digital information systems to collect, translate and transfer the knowledge about construction of bastioned fortifications in Early Modern treatises, in order to create an original knowledge tool in the field of conservation of the fortified heritage. The study primarily focuses on the “La fortificatione guardia difesa et espugnatione delle fortezze” by Francesco Tensini (first edition 1624), since it is recognized as an important milestone in the evolution of fortification models. The treatise is rich with references to other authors. Among them, Tensini frequently recalls one author without explicitly mentioning his name. The analysis of a wide range of treatises from the mid-16th century, carried out for the INFORTREAT research objectives, considering the state of the art on the subject, allows us to state with some confidence that Tensini refers to the “Le Fortificationi..” by Bonaiuto Lorini (first edidtion 1597). This allowed us to set up a comparison between the treatises through critical redrawing and digital modeling of the fortification systems proposed by both authors. To this end, a workflow based on the integration of VPL and BIM is tested
The Palazzo Cassa di Risparmi di Livorno by Luigi Vagnetti: An Iconic Melting Pot of Architectural Languages
No full textThe Palazzo of the Cassa di Risparmi di Livorno, currently the headquarters of the Livorno Foundation, stands in the city center of Livorno. Its current configuration is the product of the complex process of the post-World War II reconstruction plan for the city center, which traced the layout of the 1938 pre-war plan designed by Marcello Piacentini. The new reconstruction plan was approved in 1947, despite great opposition. The Palazzo of the Cassa di Risparmi was the first building to be constructed in the center based on the initiative of a private institution. It was built in the southwest corner of Piazza Grande, the former Piazza d'Armi, in continuity with the Tanzini block, the first reconstructed building block. The building was designed by the Roman architect Luigi Vagnetti, the same architect who had designed Palazzo Grande a short time earlier. The Palazzo of the Cassa di Risparmi di Livorno is an iconic container, built with a reinforced concrete frame structure, which houses a series of cultured citations, including diamond-pointed Pietra Serena ashlars, and highly stylized ovolo moldings. These elements were all reinterpreted through an original contemporary lexicon, which was also evident in the interiors designed by the author himself. This contribution aims to investigate the unpublished history of the building through the retrieval of archival materials and the use of digital survey techniques, which allows us to grasp the wealth of meaning, geometry, space, materials, and architectural features of this unique work
Il contrasto all'abbandono dei borghi della Val di Lima (Toscana): modelli e strategie di progetto per la rigenerazione di Lucchio.
No full textLa perdita del presidio territoriale, la riduzione della sicurezza alimentare ed energetica ed il sempre maggiore congestionamento delle città, la perdita di modelli di abitazione e sfruttamento del territorio, l’oblio di un panorama di identità culturali che sono una componente essenziale dell’identità nazionale sono solo alcune delle conseguenze dell’abbandono delle aree interne. I borghi ne sono nuclei vitali; di fronte a strategie che operano su una scala sovradimensionata e a progetti che si limitano al singolo insediamento non sembra possibile individuare una soluzione efficace alla problematica. L’identità territoriale, ricostruibile dall’analisi dei caratteri geografici e dalla storia dello sfruttamento ed infrastrutturazione dei luoghi, costituisce lo strumento necessario per individuare una nuova, flessibile, scala di progetto. Adeguando le politiche e gli strumenti già esistenti a questa scala è possibile restituire rilevanza amministrativa a queste aree e costruire un modello di analisi dei tempi di accesso ai servizi disponibili sul territorio per ottimizzare le azioni progettuali di riqualificazione; per la riabitazione, la valorizzazione turistica e la valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale.
Questi propositi sono applicati al caso studio della Val di Lima in Toscana ed in particolare al borgo di Lucchio.
The loss of territorial control, the reduction in food and energy security, the continuously growing congestion of cities, the loss of settlement patterns, the forgetfulness of a panorama of cultural identities that are an essential component of the national identity; these are just some of the consequences of the abandonment of inner areas. Villages are the vital core of these areas; beside strategies operating on oversized scales and projects based on single settlements there’s no effective solution in sight. The local identity, built on the analysis of geography and history of settlement processes, is the key to identify a different, flexible, project scale.
Adapting the existing practices and strategies to this scale can restore the political relevance of these areas and help to build a model based on the time necessary to reach for services of everyday life which can be useful in the optimization of redevelopment projects. The main tasks are re-inhabitation and touristic and cultural valorization.
These principles are applied to the case study of Lucchio in Val di Lima (Tuscany)
Optimizing Inference Conditioning Techniques in Image Generation for Participatory Urban Transformation
Get PDFGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is emerging as a transformative medium for democratizing participatory urban design, potentially bridging the gap between citizens' conceptualizations and professional representations. While current GenAI tools are divided between professional-grade platforms and accessible solutions for non-experts, technical challenges persist in generating precise and contextually relevant visualizations. This research investigates the optimization of inference conditioning techniques through an open-source approach, implementing an integrated framework within ComfyUI that leverages local computing resources. The methodology combines three key enhancements: prompt engineering through Large Language Models (LLMs), fine-tuning through Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), and structural control through ControlNet implementations. Testing this framework on two case studies in Pisa's historical center and suburban area demonstrated how the synergistic combination of these techniques significantly improves the quality and contextual relevance of generated visualizations. Results suggest that advanced conditioning strategies can effectively balance accessibility and precision in participatory urban design tools, supporting the development of more inclusive and sustainable urban transformation processes aligned with the UN's 2030 Agenda goals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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