1,721,026 research outputs found
Anti-angiogenesis boosts chemo-immunotherapy in patients with EGFR mutations or baseline liver metastases: Insights from IMpower150 study
No full textAdvances in the prediction of long-term effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockers for non-small-cell lung cancer
No full textPrognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: In recent years, the treatment landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been improved using immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Nevertheless, the number of patients experiencing clinical benefit from immunotherapy is still limited, while others obtain more benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The identification of prognostic and predictive factors would be crucial to better select patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy among the other potentially available therapeutic options. Areas covered: This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge (2010–2019) on molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers, assessed in peripheral blood and/or from tumor tissue, in mRCC patients treated with ICI. Expert opinion: Among all the biomarkers analyzed, PD-L1 expression on tumor tissue is the most studied. It has an unfavorable prognostic role for patients treated with TKI, which seems to be overcome by ICI-based combinations. Nevertheless, no clear predictive role of immunotherapy efficacy has been observed for PD-L1 in mRCC. Emerging evidence regarding pro-angiogenic or pro-immunogenic genomic and transcriptomic signatures suggests a potential predictive role in patients treated with ICI-based combinations. The rationale for TKI-ICI combinations is based on tumor microenvironment and genomic background, which represent the target of these two main therapeutic options for mRCC
Abscopal effect after hypofractionated radiotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma pretreated with pazopanib
No full textBackground: The abscopal effect consists of distant metastases response after local treatment based on systemic immune stimulation. It is a rare event observed in many tumors, especially with radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Clinical case: We report the long-term abscopal effect in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient with lung metastasectomy, after hypofractionated radiotherapy on lymph node metastasis. The patient was pretreated with pazopanib, which was discontinued early owing to toxicity before radiotherapy. Methodology: Immunohistological analyses of the primary tumor and metastases were performed. Discussion: We supposed that radiotherapy, and maybe tyrosine kinase inhibitors, could act as immune-primers for abscopal effect modifying the immune tumor microenvironment. Conclusion: Future studies are needed to optimize the combination of radiotherapy with systemic therapy for better long-term tumor control in selected patients
Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer is not systematically associated with increased 18f-fdg uptake
No full textNeuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate cancer represents an acknowledged predictor of resistant and more aggressive disease. NED can be functionally exploited in vivo using PET/CT imaging with somatostatin analogs radiolabeled with 68Ga. Many previous reports have shown that 18F-FDG PET/CT should also be used in cases such as guiding management, as NED is systematically associated with increased glycolysis. We hereby discuss the case of a metastatic prostate cancer patient in which 68Ga-Dotatoc PET/CT revealed the occurrence of NED with low FDG-avidity
Banana-shaped survival curves of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immune-combinations, not just a matter of “palateau”
No full textThe first-line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has revolutionized with the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The choice among the many different immuno-combinations (ICI-ICI or ICI-TKI) is challenging due to the lack of predictive factors. The different shapes of the Kaplan–Meier survival curves (e.g. “banana-shaped curves”) have raised many questions on the long-term survival benefit. Here, we analyzed the factors that could have impacted the different long-term survival, including the prognostic factors distribution (IMDC score), histological factors (sarcomatoid features, PD-L1 expression), and treatment characteristics (mechanism of action, duration, discontinuation rate). This overview highlights the factors that should be considered in the first-line setting for the patients’ therapeutic choice and prognostic assessment. They are also fundamental parameters to examined for head-to-head studies and real-life, large-scale studies
Immunotherapy beyond progression in advanced renal cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
No full textImmunotherapy is associated with different response patterns compared with chemotherapy and targeted therapy, including delayed response and stabilization after progression (pseudoprogression). According to new immuno-based response criteria, immunotherapy can be continued after radiological progression when a clinical benefit is observed. We report a case of an advanced renal cell carcinoma patient treated with nivolumab, who developed clinical benefit and delayed radiological response after initial progression. We performed a review of the literature on immunotherapy beyond progression in advanced solid tumors. 12 clinical trials were identified and showed that selected patients have subsequent response and survival benefit receiving immunotherapy beyond progression. Future studies are needed to optimize timing and duration of immunotherapy and to define patient selection criteria for treatment beyond progression
Letter comments on: Validation of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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