47,284 research outputs found
The social construction of meaning : Reading Animal Farm in the classroom
No full textThe novel, it has generally been assumed, was from its very beginnings a literary form designed to be read by solitary, silent individuals. One consequence of this assumption is that the class novel, read amid all the noise and sociality of the classroom, tends to be treated as a preparation formore authentic, private reading, or even as poor substitute for it. This essay argues that the history of novel-reading is more complicated and more varied than has been assumed; it goes on to explore, through the story of a single lesson, the possibilities for meaning-making that are the product of particular pedagogic practices as well as of the irreducibly social process of reading the class novel
How character complexity modulates eye movement control in Chinese reading
No full textThis empirical study examined whether the visual complexities of the first and second characters in two-character words play similar roles in modulating the fixation time and saccade target selection during un-spaced Chinese reading. Consistent with prior research, words with low-complexity characters were fixated for shorter times than words with high-complexity characters. Critically, saccade target selection was primarily influenced by the visual complexity of the first character of a two-character word: words with low-complexity first characters were skipped more frequently, and fixation was localized nearer to the center of the word compared with the words with high-complexity first characters. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of eye movement control in Chinese reading and thus provide benchmark data to test models of eye movement control in Chinese reading
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC READING (CSR) TO TEACH CONTENT AREA READING COMPREHENSION VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ INTELLIGENCE
No full textThis research aims at revealing: (1) whether or not Collaborative Strategic
Reading (CSR) strategy is more effective than lecturing strategy in teaching content area
reading comprehension; (2) whether the students who have high intelligence have better
content area reading comprehension ability than those who have low intelligence; and (3)
whether there is an interaction between teaching strategies and intelligence in teaching
content area reading.
This experimental research was carried out in MAN 1 Bojonegoro in the academic year of
2012/2013 from September to November 2012. The population was the first semester of
Rintisan Madrasah Bertaraf Internasional (RMBI) students in the academic year of 2012/2013.
The number of population was three classes (72 students) that consisted of XI-Bilingual 1, XI-
Bilingual 2, and XI-Bilingual 3. The samples were XI-Bilingual 2 as the experimental group and
XI-Bilingual 3 as the control group. Each group consisted of 24 students. The experimental
group was treated by using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) Strategy, while the control
group was treated by using Lecturing Strategy. The post-test was conducted in form content
area reading comprehension test. Before the content area reading comprehension test was
administered to the both groups, it was firstly tried out to non-sample class to know the
validity and the reliability of the test. Then, the data from the post-test were described using
descriptive statistics and were tested their normality and homogeneity. It was found out that
the data were in normal distribution and homogeneous. After that, the data were analyzed
using ANOVA and Tukey test.
The data analysis shows that: (1) Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) Strategy is more
effective than Lecturing Strategy in teaching content area reading; (2) Students with high
intelligence have better content area reading comprehension ability than those having low
intelligence; and (3) There is no interaction between teaching strategies and intelligence in
teaching content area reading.
Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is an effective strategy in teaching content area reading
for both high and low intelligence students. Therefore, it is recommended that: (1) teachers
should be well-trained in using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR); (2) the students need to
get accustomed to learning reading in content areas (science and social study); (3) the school
needs to upgrade teachers’ competence; and (4) future researchers may conduct replication
research with different sample and condition
Early predictors of phonological and morphological awareness and the link with reading : evidence from children with different patterns of early deficit
No full textThis study examines the contribution of early phonological processing (PP) and language skills on later phonological awareness (PA) and morphological awareness (MA), as well as the links among PA, MA, and reading. Children 4–6 years of age with poor PP at the start of school showed weaker PA and MA 3 years later (age 7–9), regardless of their language skills. PA and phonological and morphological strategies predict reading accuracy, whereas MA predicts reading comprehension. Our findings suggest that children with poor early PP are more at risk of developing deficits in MA and PA than children with poor language. They also suggest that there is a direct link between PA and reading accuracy and between MA and reading comprehension that cannot be accounted for by strategy use at the word level
Movement in word reading and spelling : how spelling contributes to reading
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Previous issue date: 1987Caption title: Movement into word reading and spelling.Running title: Reading and spelling.This paper will also appear in J. Mason (ed.), Reading and writing connections. Newton, MA: Allyn and Bacon.Bibliography: p. 10-1
The Teaching and learning of reading at UERN Letras/Course: the use of reading strategies concerning the development of EFL readers
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.This present qualitative research aimed at investigating and analyzing the use of reading strategies to the teaching and learning of reading at UERN Letras Course. The study is derived from the researchers' intent to comprehend the use of strategies for the development of readers at a university context. The study is based on the premise that meaning is constructed during reading and the use of reading strategies helps in this endeavor. Studies have underpinned the view that the use of reading strategies organized into pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading stages are indispensable instruments to help readers make connections between the knowledge they already have in their memory with the new subjects found in the text (Carrell & Eisterhold, 1998; Doff, 1988; Aebersold & Field, 1997; Grabe & Stoller, 2001; Tomitch, 2009). The method applied included data collection from five (05) EFL teachers and thirty-five (35) students from Letras Course who were attending the sixth, seventh and eighth semesters. These participants answered open questionnaires on the use of reading strategies. The results, in general, showed that teachers tended to privilege the reading strategies from the during-reading and pre-reading phases and less from the post-reading phase. Results also have showed that teachers in this study were aware of their roles as teachers and of the importance of strategies to improve reading skills, since they signalized the strategies the use of knowledge of the world and silent reading as effective reading strategies that can help readers to enhance their reading. In addition, the results indicated that students tended to signalize the strategies the use of knowledge of the world, analysis of the unknown words and silent reading as helpful for them to learn reading comprehension in L2, showing that they were aware of their active roles as readers. The present study showed that the use of reading strategies is promising in reading and a bridge to construct reading in L2. Therefore, English teachers may need to bear this in mind whenever they plan their reading classes (Oxford, 1989; Davies, 1995; Aebersold & Field, 1997; Urquhart & Weir, 1998; Grabe & Stoller, 2001; Tomitch, 1991, 2009).Esta pesquisa qualitativa buscou investigar e analisar o uso de estratégias de leitura para o ensino e aprendizagem de leitura no Curso de Letras na UERN. Este estudo é derivado da intenção do pesquisador de compreender melhor o uso de estratégias para o desenvolvimento de leitores em um contexto universitário. O estudo é fundamentado na premissa de que o significado é construído durante a leitura e o uso de estratégias de leitura ajuda neste empenho. Estudos têm respaldado a visão de que o uso de estratégias de leitura organizado em pré-leitura, durante-leitura e pós-leitura é um instrumento indispensável para ajudar os leitores a fazer conexões com o conhecimento que eles já têm armazenado em suas mentes, bem como com os novos assuntos encontrados no texto (Carrell & Eisterhold, 1988; Doff, 1988; Aebersold & Field, 1997; Grabe & Stoller, 2001; Tomitch, 2009). A metodologia aplicada incluiu coleta de dados de cinco professores (05) e trinta e cinco (35) estudantes de Inglês do Curso de Letras de uma universidade frequentando o sexto, sétimo e oitavo períodos. Estes participantes responderam a questionários abertos acerca do uso de estratégias de leitura. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os professores tendem a enfatizar o uso de estratégias da pré-leitura e durante-leitura e usam menos estratégias da fase de pós-leitura. Os resultados também mostraram que os professores neste estudo eram conscientes de seu papel enquanto professores e da importância de estratégias para melhorar a habilidade de leitura de seus leitores, uma vez que eles ressaltam as estratégias: o uso de conhecimento de mundo e leitura silenciosa como estratégias eficientes que podem ajudar os leitores a melhorar sua leitura. Alem disso, os resultados mostraram que os estudantes tendem a destacar as estratégias: uso de conhecimento de mundo, análise das palavras desconhecidas e leitura silenciosa como relevantes para eles aprenderem compreensão de leitura na LE, mostrando que eles estavam conscientes de seu papel enquanto leitores. O presente estudo mostrou que o uso de estratégias de leitura é promissor e serve como ponte para construir a leitura na LE. Portanto, professores de língua estrangeira talvez necessitem de ter isto em mente sempre que eles planejarem aulas de leitura (Oxford, 1989; Davies, 1995; Aebersold & Field, 1997; Urquhart & Weir, 1998; Grabe & Stoller, 2001; Tomitch, 1991, 2009)
'A different kind of reading': the emergent literacy practices of a school-based graphic novel club
No full textThis paper explores the possibilities for pedagogy inherent in the reading practices which emerged from an extra-curricular graphic novel reading group set up in a Scottish secondary school. The research is presented within the framework of the New Literacy Studies and its focus on ‘practices' and ‘events' but, more specifically, it uses the framework developed by researchers working on the Literacies for Learning in Further Education project conducted recently in the United Kingdom. This framework allows a more detailed exploration of ‘events' by unpacking the fine-grained aspects that compose a literacy practice. This paper aims to identify, trace and analyse the aspects of the emerging new practice of this Reading Group. While the framework it employs is based on an opposition between curricular and non-curricular practices, the data presented in this paper derives from an extra-curricular activity uniquely positioned inside the school but outside of the official curriculum. By focussing on notions of identity and process in particular, the paper presents a critique of the ways in which literacy practices which take place outside of the classroom have been undervalued or ignored by educational policy and practice
Reading at risk: why effective literacy practice is not effective.
No full textThe gap between high and low achievers in reading is wide in New Zealand compared to other countries as shown in PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) 2001 and 2006 studies. Students of minority backgrounds and low socio-economic status are over-represented in the low achieving category. As the primary response to reduce the achievement gap, the Government developed and distributed the literacy teaching reference Effective Literacy Practice in Years 1 to 4. This article examines Effective Literacy Practice against current scientificbased international research in the teaching of reading, with particular emphasis on the teaching of reading to students at risk. Research evidence shows that an explicit and systematic approach to teaching reading is critical to the success of reading achievement with at-risk students. With a heavy leaning towards incidental learning, Effective Literacy Practice fails to provide teachers with the necessary knowledge to effectively teach the critical components of reading
Developing Reading Identities: Understanding Issues of Motivation within the Reading Workshop
No full textEmpirical evidence suggests a correlation between motivation and reading achievement as well as a decline in motivation as students progress through the grades. In order to address this issue, it is necessary to determine the instructional methods that promote motivation and identity development in reading. This study examines the motivation and the identity development of four fourth grade students as they experienced the reading workshop over the course of one year. Ford’s Motivational Systems Theory and Wenger’s Theory of Learning frame the study of student motivation and identity development within the reading workshop. Data related to motivation and identity development was collected weekly through student interviews, surveys, and conferences. A description of the context was gained through researcher observations and a teacher interview. Analysis of this data revealed that (1) Increased time spent reading self- selected books correlates positively to student motivation and identity development. (2) Increased responsive feedback from teachers and peers is correlated with increased motivation and reading identity development. (3) These elements form the crux of the reading workshop, which supports the notion that this model of instruction encourages motivation and identity development. (4) The correlation between motivation, identity development, and achievement is not evident in the context of this study. However, this correlation often emerges over time. This dissertation concludes with directions for future research, which may contribute to a further understanding of the relationship between student motivation, identity development and the reading workshop
The Effects of a Shared Reading Intervention on the English Reading Skills of Year One Students in a Level Two Māori-medium Educational Context
No full textOne of the biggest challenges confronting literacy education in Aotearoa New Zealand is accommodating the differences in English reading-related variables at school entry to produce equitable outcomes in later reading achievement (Wilkinson, Freebody, & Elkins, 2000). English-medium schools in Aotearoa struggle to negotiate effective literacy practices that validate and cater for the cognitive, cultural, and linguistic differences children bring to the process of learning to read in English. Whereas, the role of English reading instruction in Māori-medium schools has been an under-researched and controversial issue. How to accommodate for these differences to achieve equitable English reading outcomes in a year 1 level 2 Māori-medium context is the theme that this research seeks to explore.
This Masters thesis reports on a shared reading intervention that explicitly teaches phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge to examine its effects on the English reading skills of year 1 students in a level 2 Māori-medium setting. The research implemented a Kaupapa Māori framework and used interviews, surveys, reliable literacy measures, and research-based literacy instruction to explore reading acquisition for this particular cohort. Thus, the purposes of the study were (a) to glean an in-depth understanding of the literacy and language practices that potentially shaped the participants English reading–related variables, (b) to examine the range of English reading-related skills for this cohort, and (c) to determine the effects of the intervention on their English reading skills.
Eight students were divided and matched with a pair according to their reported pre-test phonemic awareness and alphabet knowledge scores, and then randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 4) or treatment control (n = 4) group. The intervention programme was carried out over a six week period and comprised 12, 30 minute lessons that integrated phonological and alphabetic based decoding skills within the shared reading approach. The duration of the treatment control programme was also carried out over a six week period and comprised 12, 30 minutes lessons that integrated semantic, syntactic, and visual graphophonic sources of information to recognise words. The results indicated the breadth and depth of English reading skills in year 1 level 2 Māori-medium contexts are diverse and the children had a positive attitude and sense of efficacy towards reading. A comparison of the test results between the intervention and treatment control group demonstrated that a shared reading intervention that focused explicitly on phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge is effective in raising letter-naming knowledge, pseudoword decoding, phonemic awareness, and invented spelling. The results are discussed in light of theoretical assumptions about reading acquisition that underlie word-base and text-base approaches to word recognition.
Overall, this study supports the development and reform of training and professional development opportunities in phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge to better support, inform, and educate Aotearoa reading teachers. This study contributes to the knowledge of English reading acquisition that validate the depth and breadth of early cognitive and linguistic differences to increase equitable English reading outcomes in level 2 Māori-medium contexts
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