1,720,968 research outputs found
Covid-19 vaccine uptake: the role of civic capital to overcome the free rider problem
No full textVaccination rates are likely to reflect the expected benefits and drawbacks for individuals. As a larger share of the population gets vaccinated, individuals have more incentives to free ride and benefit from the positive externalities of a high vaccination rate, while not being affected by the potential harms of receiving vaccination. Using Covid-19 vaccination data at the municipality level in the Italian region of Lombardy, we show that communities with a higher level of civic capital were able to overcome this collective action problem. An indirect measure of the willingness to contribute to a public good (i.e. the share of residents paying the TV licence) proves to be particularly useful to predict the success of vaccination campaigns
Spreading of an infectious disease between different locations
No full textThe endogenous adaptation of economic agents, that may adjust their trade network in response to infection rates, can have the perverse effect of increasing the overall systemic infectiveness of a disease. We study a dynamical model over two geographically distinct but interacting markets, to better understand theoretically the mechanism at play. We also discuss analogies with the 2018 African Swine Fever, and provide empirical motivation from the Italian National Bovine Database, for the period 2006–2013
Worker Flows and Labour Market Adjustment during the Great Recession: Evidence from a Large Shock
Full text linkThis paper analyzes how the labor market adjusts to the Great Recession. To this aim, we use the
data for Latvia, a country that has experienced one of the most severe recessions in Europe and a
subsequent remarkable recovery. Employing longitudinal EU SILC data and a panel data set
constructed by us from various waves of the Latvian Labour Force Survey (LLFS), we estimate
worker transitions between labor market states. Labor market adjustment takes place predominantly
at the extensive margin since it is driven by flows from permanent wage employment to unemployment. We also show that older, non-Latvian and above all less skilled workers are especially hard hit by the economic crisis. Estimated transitions between four mutually exclusive occupational groups demonstrate that downward mobility is very limited even during the Great Recession. Finally, wage regressions suggest that job mobility is not associated with increased labour productivity during and immediately after the crisis
Covid19: Unless one gets everyone to act, policies may be ineffective or even backfire.
Full text linkThe diffusion of Covid-19 has called governments and public health authorities to interventions aiming at limiting new infections and containing the expected number of critical cases and deaths. Most of these measures rely on the compliance of people, who are asked to reduce their social contacts to a minimum. In this note we argue that individuals' adherence to prescriptions and reduction of social activity may not be efficacious if not implemented robustly on all social groups, especially on those characterized by intense mixing patterns. Actually, it is possible that, if those who have many contacts have reduced them proportionally less than those who have few, then the effect of a policy could have backfired: the disease has taken more time to die out, up to the point that it has become endemic. In a nutshell, unless one gets everyone to act, and specifically those who have more contacts, a policy may even be counterproductive
Trading off wage for workplace safety? Gaps between immigrants and natives in Italy
Full text linkWe employ Italian administrative data to analyze the diferentials in wages and
workplace injuries between immigrants and natives over the 1994–2012 period. Via
propensity score reweighting, we construct the factual and counterfactual, marginal
and joint distributions of wages and workplace injuries. Examining the diferentials
along the entire distributions, our approach yields novel insights on their potential
drivers. Our fndings confrm that immigrants face lower wages and a substantially
higher injury risk than natives; futhermore, they highlight that foreign-born workers
display a disproportionate concentration of injuries around the minimum contractual
wages. Our results show that the latter can be interpreted as an unintended efect of
minimum contractual wages. Indeed, if wages are downward rigid and workplace
safety investments are costly, frms employing low-wage workers may reallocate
their savings away from wages onto safety. Over time, the gap is found to shrink.
Our analysis suggests that, beyond the reduction in workplace intensity during
recessions, this may be due to destruction of marginal jobs. Being disproportionally
concentrated in marginal occupations, then, lower-skilled migrant workers are more
vulnerable to downturns in the economic cycle. Overall, our results highlight that
labour market segmentation may co-exist with wage regulations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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