130,554 research outputs found
Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Complications in African-Americans
No full textUnlike type 2 diabetes, where prevention is possible, type 1 diabetes is a lifelong incurable metabolic disorder. The annual incidence of type 1 diabetes continues to rise annually. Despite increased access to treatment and improved disease management, type 1 diabetes is associated with excess morbidity and early mortality. African-Americans with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of premature mortality compared to Caucasians. This disparity is likely fueled by differences in the prevalence of complications; however, there is limited information available on the racial differences in type 1 diabetes complications in individuals of African descent (i.e. African-American, Afro-Caribbean). Using the data from the U.S. Virgin Islands Childhood Diabetes Registry, this dissertation provides contemporary insights on the incidence of childhood diabetes in African-American youth and for the first time evaluates type 1 diabetes mortality in African-Americans, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, this dissertation assesses racial differences in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes complications and risk factors using a national sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
The incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youth in the U.S. Virgin Islands is rapidly increasing. The well-established pubertal increase in type 1 diabetes incidence appears to be missing in African-American boys. Individuals diagnosed at later ages (>14), have significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those diagnosed at earlier ages. Despite advances in diabetes care, there were no temporal improvements observed in mortality in the U.S. Virgin Islands. African-Americans in the U.S. Virgin Islands had a similar type 1 diabetes mortality experience as African-Americans in Allegheny County, PA. African-Americans in the national sample had significantly higher rates of nephropathy and retinopathy. Race was associated with both complications, even after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors.
The public health implications of this dissertation are considerable, as it provides insight on the burden of type 1 diabetes in the U.S. Virgin Islands and African-Americans in the U.S. These findings provide evidence to support additional services and potentially intensive diabetes management strategies for African-Americans with type 1 diabetes
Comparison of Two Kinds of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Following Complete Cytoreductive Surgery of Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.
No full textMeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
‘‘Natural history’’ of complete cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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