183,079 research outputs found
Kroonilise C-hepatiidi haigete viirusevastase ravi tulemused
No full textUuringu eesmärgiks oli analüüsida kroonilise C-hepatiidi haigeil viirusevastase ravi tõhusust ning uurida viirusevastase ravi efektiivsusele mõjuvaid tegureid. Uuringus osales 83 patsienti (51 meest ja 32 naist) Lääne-Tallinna Keskhaiglast. Selgus, et Chepatiidi viiruse genotüüp ja kogus ning patsiendi vanus ja fibroosi raskusaste maksakoes mõjutavad ravitulemust. Kõige raskemini alluvad ravile 1. genotüübiga patsiendid, tunduvalt paremad viirusevastase ravi tulemused olid 2. ja 3. genotüübiga patsientidel. Viirusevastase ravi ajal esinevate kõrvaltoimete tõttu on 24–48 nädalat kestev ravi väljakutseks nii raviarstile kui ka patsiendile.
Eesti Arst 2010; 89(3):172−17
Ravi Chaudhary
No full textDr. Ravi Chaudhary is the Director of Advanced Programs and Innovation, Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST), at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Reporting directly to the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space, he is responsible for the execution of advanced development and research programs in support of the FAA’s Commercial Space Transportation mission. The Directorate of Advanced programs includes the office of the Chief Engineer, providing technical leadership and performance-based oversight of AST’s regulatory responsibilities for the Commercial Space Industry. He also leads all AST Research and Development activities, including the FAA’s nationally recognized Commercial Space Flight Center of Excellence.
Dr. Chaudhary previously served as Executive Director, Regions and Center Operations, at the FAA. In this role he was responsible for leadership, integration, and execution of aviation operations in 9 different regions located nationwide. He executed a 2 Billion in Air Force Transport Modernization Programs. Dr. Chaudhary also supported space launch operations for the Global Positioning System (GPS), and led third stage activities to ensure full-operational capability of the first GPS constellation. As a systems engineer, he supported NASA\u27s International Space Station test activities, to include development of the first orbital debris repair systems applicable for use by NASA Astronauts. Ravi has also served at the Pentagon as a Speechwriter and Strategic Planner in the Secretary of the Air Force Executive Action Group and Deputy Chief of Staff for Air Force Strategic Plans and Programs. Dr. Chaudhary also serves as a member of the President\u27s Advisory Commission on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. In this role, he advises the President on executive branch efforts to improve economic and community development, public and private sector collaboration, health, education and veterans support for the AAPI community.
Dr. Chaudhary holds a Doctorate in Executive Leadership and Innovation from Georgetown University, an M.S. in Industrial Engineering from St. Mary\u27s University as a NASA graduate fellow, an M.A. in Operational Arts and Military Science from Air University, and a B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the Air Force Academy. He has published numerous articles in Future Strategy, Aircraft Design, Business Transformation, and Space Operations. Dr. Chaudhary holds FAA commercial, multi-engine, and instrument pilot certificates and has logged over 3000 hours as a pilot and flight test engineer (760 combat hours) and multiple deployments since Sept 11, 2001.https://commons.erau.edu/stm-images/1100/thumbnail.jp
Ravi saavate kroonilise C-hepatiidi haigete õendusprobleemid ja nende lahendamiseks kasutatavad õendustegevused Eesti vanglates
No full textAutorile teadaolevalt ei ole varem C-hepatiiti ravi saavate vangide õendusprobleeme ja nende lahendamist uuritud. C-hepatiidi ravil on hulgaliselt kõrvaltoimeid, mis mõjutavad oluliselt ravi saajate igapäeva elu. Samas on mitmeid õendustegevusi, et vältida või vähendada patsiendi probleeme. Uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli kirjeldada ravi saavate kroonilise C-hepatiidi haigete õendusprobleeme ja nende lahendamiseks kasutatud õendustegevusi Eesti vanglates.
Uurimistöö eesmärgi saavutamiseks püstitati järgmised uurimisküsimused:
1. Millised on kroonilise C-hepatiidi ravi saajate patsientide õendusprobleemid vanglas?
2. Millised on kroonilise C-hepatiidi ravi saajate patsientide õendusprobleemide lahendamiseks kasutatavad õendustegevused vanglas?
Käesolev töö on empiiriline, kirjeldav ja kvalitatiivne. Uurimistöös kasutatud andmed on kogutud Eesti vanglate ühtsest elektroonilisest tervisekaardist „Vanglaarst“. Kokku analüüsiti 28 ravi saaja patsiendi andmeid. Uurimistöös oli analüüsitavateks ühikuteks uurimistöö andmebaasist leitud laused, mis kirjeldavad kroonilise C-hepatiidi ravi saajate õendusprobleeme ja nende lahendamiseks kasutatud õendustoiminguid. Kogu andmebaas kirjutati sõna-sõnalt ümber. Loodud andmebaasi analüüsiti induktiivse sisuanalüüsi meetodil.
Kogutud andmebaasist moodustus 17 alakategooriat ja need jagunesid kuude ülakategooriasse. Ülakategooriad moodustasid kaks peakategooriat, mis vastavad uurimistöö küsimustele. Peakategooria kroonilise C-hepatiidi ravi saajate patsientide õendusprobleemid sisaldab ülakategooriaid: füüsilised õendusprobleemid, psühholoogilised õendusprobleemid, tervisedendusega seotud õendusprobleemid ja vangla keskkonnaga seotud õendusprobleemid. Õendusprobleemidena nimetati mao- ja sooletrakti häireid, gripilaadsed sümptomeid, probleeme silmadega, dermatoloogilisi häireid, süstekoha tüsistusi ja emotsionaalseid häireid. Lisaks nimetati vangla erinõuetega ja psühhosotsiaalseid õendusprobleeme. Õed tõid välja õendusprobleemina teadmiste puudumist ja riskikäitumise jätkamist.
Peakategooria kroonilise C-hepatiidi ravi saajate patsientide õendusprobleemide lahendamiseks kasutatavad õendustegevused sisaldab ülakategooriaid: füüsiliste õendusprobleemide lahendamine ja tervisedendusega seotud õendusprobleemide lahendamine. Õendustegevustena nimetati: ravimite määramist, eriarstile suunamist, tervisliku seisundi hindamist, tüsistuste vältimist ja erilubade väljastamist. Lisaks nõustamis ja haigusi ennetavaid tegevusi
Conceptualising Informality: Regulation and Enforcement
No full textThe informality discourse is large and vibrant, and is expanding rapidly. But there is a certain conceptual incoherence to the literature. New definitions of informality compete with old definitions leading to a plethora of alternative conceptualisations. While some individual studies may apply a tight definition consistently, the literature as a whole is in a mess. This article proposes that informality and formality should be seen in direct relation to economic activity in the presence of specified regulation(s). Relative to the regulation(s), four conceptual categories that can help frame the analysis are: (A) regulation applicable and compliant, (B) regulation applicable and non-compliant, (C) regulation non-applicable after adjustment of activity, and (D) regulation non-applicable to the activity. Rather than use the generic labels 'informal' and 'formal', it would be preferable if the analysis focused on these four categories (or even more disaggregated as appropriate). A central determining factor in the impacts of regulation on economic activity across these four categories is the nature and intensity of enforcement. While lack of enforcement is well-documented, an understanding of its determinants − why and to what extent a government would not enforce a regulation that it has itself passed, and why non-enforcement varies from one context to another, is relatively neglected in the literature. Thus, specificity on regulation and on enforcement is the key to achieving conceptual clarity in the analytical literature and in the policy discourse on informality.informality, regulation, enforcement
Kroonilise B-hepatiidi jälgimise ja ravi soovitused
No full textB-hepatiidi jälgimise ja ravi soovituste eesmärgiks on tutvustada kroonilise B-hepatiidi haige jälgimise ja viirusevastase ravi tänapäevaseid põhimõtteid, et vältida lõppstaadiumis maksatsirroosi ja maksarakk-kasvaja teket. Kroonilise maksahaiguse progresseerumisel suureneb B-hepatiidiviiruse (HBV) DNA kogus veres. Seetõttu on püsiva viirusvastuse saavutamine, mida iseloomustab HBV DNA puudumine veres nii B-hepatiidiviiruse pinnaantigeeni (HBeAg) positiivsel kui ka HBeAg-negatiivsel patsiendil, oluline. Veelgi parem on, kui neil haigeil viirusevastase ravi tulemusel kaob HBsAg ja tekivad B-hepatiidiviiruse pinnaantigeeni vastased antikehad (antiHBs). Viirusevastane ravi on näidustatud nii HBeAg-positiivsele kui ka HBeAg-negatiivsele patsiendile erinevuseta ning sõltub kolmest kriteeriumist: HBV DNA kogus veres enam kui 2000 IU/ml; ALAT üle referentsväärtuse; mõõdukas või raske põletik ja/või vähemalt mõõdukas fibroos maksakoes. Ravi alustamisega ei tohi viivitada, kui ALAT ületab referentsväärtuse kaks korda ja HBV DNA kogus on enam kui 20 000 IU/ml, samuti kui B-tsirroosiga patsiendil on HBV DNA kogus veres määratav. Ravimid ja ravistrateegia on sarnane nii HBeAg-positiivse kui HBeAg-negatiivse patsiendi jaoks. Esmavalikuks on kas alfa-2a-peginterferoon (pegIFNalfa2a) või nukleosiidi/ nukleotiidi analoogidest kas entekaviir või tenofoviirdisoproksiil. PegIFNalfa2a esmavalikuna sobib nii HBeAg-positiivsele kui ka HBeAg-negatiivsele patsiendile. Ainuvõimalikuks ravimiks on entekaviir või tenofoviirdisoproksiil B-tsirroosiga patsiendile, pegIFNalfa2a vastunäidustuste esinemise korral või juhul, kui patsient ei allunud varasemale pegIFNalfa2a-ravile.B-hepatiidiviirusest põhjustatud ägeda B-hepatiidi kulg arvatakse krooniliseks, juhul kui HBsAg-d on määratavad veres kauem kui kuus kuud. Selline haiguskulg tekib vähem kui 5%-l ägedasse B-hepatiiti haigestunud täiskasvanuist. Kroonilist B-hepatiiti esineb Eestis harvemini kui kroonilist C-hepatiiti ja seetõttu on haigus kuni viimase ajani jäänud vajaliku tähelepanuta.
Eesti Arst 2013; 92(9):504–50
Correlation Estimates between Carcass Traits of Nili Ravi and Kundhi Buffalo
No full text Present study was designed to estimates the correlation between carcass traits of Nili Ravi and Kundhi buffalo. The data for carcass traits of Nili Ravi and Kundhi buffalo was collected from Seven Star International Meat Processing Company Dhabeji at Thatta. In current study the data of total 100 animals of Kundhi and Nili Ravi breed were selected and divided into A, B, C and D group. In group A and C there were Kundhi and Nili Ravi male whereas, B and D females of both breeds respectively. The data including live body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and boneless weight of both breeds Kundhi and Nili Ravi were collected for the estimation of correlation.The results for correlation estimates of different carcass traits indicated that the correlation estimation were found positive and high among Nili Rave breed as compared to Kundhi breed, which shows that an increase in one carcass trait would increase the other carcass traits. It was concluded that Nili Ravi carcass traits are better expressed and produces more beef than Kundhi, while Kundhi male is better in beef production than the Nili Ravi female whereas Kundhi female produces low carcass yield.</jats:p
PCR amplification, sequencing, and in silico analysis of holandric genes TSPYand SRY in Nili Ravi buffalo
No full textThe present work has been designed to study the evolutionary perspectives of two important holandric genes, namely, testis-specific protein, Y-encoded (TSPY), and sex determining region, Y-encoded (SRY) in Nili Ravi buffalo. These Y-chromosomal genes are responsible for male sex development. The evolutionary aspects of these genes have not been studied in the Nili Ravi buffaloes from India. A study was carried out on the peripheral blood samples of three adult Nili Ravi bulls belonging to university farm. DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform isoamyl alcohol (PCI) technique and reported primer sequences were used to amplify the genes (partially) using a thermocycler. Three biological samples were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and were aligned using Clustal Omega. Separate phylogenetic trees for the genes were constructed using MEGA7 software. The selection pressure analysis and evolutionary divergence were individually studied for each of the genes. The current study reports the partial TSPY and SRY gene sequences of Indian Nili Ravi buffalo. Besides, the molecular evolution analysis indicates that the genes have experienced some purifying selection during the evolutionary process. Molecular characterization of these holandric genes (TSPY and SRY) in Nili Ravi will find applications in sex determination in Nili Ravi and other buffaloes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
HIV- ja HCV-nakkuse ravi ja ravimiresistentsus
No full textSeoses COVID-19-epideemia taandumisega on taas enam vaatevälja tõusnud ka teised viirused. Nende seast on inimese immuunpuudulikkuse viirus (HIV ) ja C-hepatiidi viirus (HCV) kindlasti olulised ka Eesti seisukohalt. Teatava kergendusega võib väita, et HIV-epideemia kõrgaeg maailmas ületati aastatuhande vahetusel. Rekorditeks võib pidada aastas rohkem kui 3 miljonit uut nakatumist 90ndate lõpul ning pea 2 miljonit surma 2000ndate alguses (1).Siiski suureneb HIVga elavate inimeste arv maailmas pidevalt, kuna antiretroviirusravi ei ole võimeline organismi HIVst vabastama. Erinevalt HIVst on HCV-infektsioon viirusevastase raviga praeguste teadmiste kohaselt väljaravitav. Samas erineb ravile ligipääs maailmas piirkonniti ja jätkuvalt nakatub iga päev suur hulk inimesi ning viirusest vabanemine (kas iseeneslik või ravi tulemusel) ei väldi uuesti nakatumist. Nii HIV- kui ka HCV-nakkuse ravis on olulisel kohal ravimiresistentsuse tekkimine ja sellega arvestamine raviotsuste tegemisel. Artiklis on antud ülevaade kahe viirusnakkkuse – HIV ja HCV – ennetamise, ravi ja ravimiresistentsusega seotud suundumustest viimastel aastatel
Reasons for decline and measures to promote Nili Ravi buffalo in its breeding tract
No full textThe Food and Agricultural Organization (2000) termed buffalo as an important asset that is undervalued. Currently, there are 208 million buffaloes spread across 77 countries; the majority of the buffaloes are found in India (56.67%), followed by Pakistan (19.28%) and China (13.46%). India is endowed with a rich biodiversity of buffalo germplasm in the form of 20 recognized breeds and several distinct local types. Buffalo husbandry plays a crucial role in rural livelihood, food security, and the agricultural economy in India. Despite significant contribution to milk production, a decline in buffalo population was observed in dairy progressive states like Haryana and Punjab from 2012 to 2019, with a 28% and 22% decline, respectively. The breed-wise data revealed the highest decline in the Nili Ravi buffalo of 65%. The breeding area for Nili-Ravi buffaloes is located in the districts of Amritsar, Firozpur, Tarn Taran, and Gurdaspur in the state of Punjab, India. This decline in the buffalo population is alarming and calls researchers to find reasons for the decline in the Nili Ravi buffalo population and its breeding area, despite the breed performance being at par with any other milk-producing buffalo. In this regard, a study about the reason and extent of the buffalo population decline in the Punjab was carried out. For the study, 180 dairy farmers from Hoshiarpur (31.99%), Taran Tarn (30.76%), and Firozpur (29.62%) districts were selected purposively, where the highest decline in buffalo population was reported. Milk production performance, family pride and docile nature were the main reasons for most (~70%) of the selected farmers to keep Nili Ravi buffalo. However, frequent reproductive problems, less resale value, and off-breed characteristics (white patches) were the primary reasons that forced dairy farmers to shift from Nili Ravi to Murrah buffalo. Although both the Murrah and Nili Ravi breeds have similar productive and reproductive parameters, the Murrah buffalo breed is gaining popularity due to its higher resale value and a lack of associated cultural constraints. Thus, it is suggested to incentivize the Nili Ravi buffalo owners by introducing milk recording programs, improving the supply of superior germplasm for this vital breed, and addressing reproductive problems through awareness campaigns and training programs in convergence with research institutes and state animal husbandry departments, to propagate and conserve the Nili Ravi buffalo breed in the state
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